无刷直流电动机的无位置传感器控制

无刷直流电动机的机械位置传感器影响着整个系统的可靠性、成本和体积，甚至在某些场合根本无法安装，因此无刷直流电动机的无机械传感器转子位置检测成为近年来学术界的研究热点。分析了目前国内外文献中所介绍的无位置传感器无刷直流电动控制技术中十种位置检测方法的原理、特点和适用范围，并针对起动方法，控制芯片及其在实际中的应用等相关技术的发展作了现状分析和展望，这些技术的发展可使无刷直流电动机无位置传感器控制系统获得更好的性能。     

A three‐phase hybrid stepping motor drive system combined with position‐sensorless closed‐loop control

This paper proposes a drive system for a three‐phase hybrid stepping motor, combining sensorless closed‐loop control with conventional open‐loop control. It is characterized by sophisticated control providing both prevention of pulling out from synchronism and suppression of natural rotor oscillation, without any position sensor attached to the motor shaft. A switching technique in chopper control which can enlarge the speed range controllable in the sensorless closed‐loop control is described. Starting and stopping sequences are developed to reduce mechanical natural oscillation produced in the transient state. Finally, the proposed drive system is compared experimentally with a conventional constant‐current open‐loop drive system. It is shown that the proposed drive system can perform the switchover from starting to sensorless closed‐loop operation within 20 ms, and can reduce the natural oscillation caused just after positioning. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(3): 80–90, 2000     

无位置传感器无刷直流电机转矩脉动抑制研究

为了减小无位置传感器无刷直流电机的转矩脉动,在分析无刷直流电机换相及间接位置检测原理的基础上,改进了传统反电动势法的检测电路,对反电动势相移进行了补偿,以消除电机中性点电压和阻容滤波对反电动势检测电路的影响。为进一步抑制转矩脉动和改善系统的稳定性,在采用换相电流预测控制策略的基础上,设计了神经网络PID控制器。实验结果表明,设计的转矩脉动综合抑制策略有效地降低了无位置传感器无刷直流电机的转矩脉动,具有较好的鲁棒性,准确地实现了无位置传感器换相控制,提高了系统的可靠性。     

A sensorless brushless dc motor system

This paper describes a brushless dc motor system without position or speed sensor. The brushless motor consists of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a voltage-source inverter capable of controlling the amplitude and frequency of voltage. The rectangular-shaped stator current with a conducting interval of 120° (electrical) is controlled to be in phase with the trapezoidal back electromotive force. This results in producing maximum torque. Variable speed is achieved by adjusting the average motor voltage similarly to chopper control of dc motors. In this paper, two sensorless position detecting methods, i.e., an “indirect method” suited for the lower-speed range and a “direct method” suited for the higher-speed range are proposed. The combination of the two makes it possible to detect the rotor position over a wide-speed range. Furthermore, a speed-sen-sorless PLL control is proposed in applying the principle of the direct method. Experimental results obtained from a prototype brushless dc motor are shown to confirm the validity of the sensorless drive. The starting procedure of the motor also is discussed because it is impossible to detect the rotor position at a standstill.     

一种电动自行车用无位置传感器无刷直流电机转子位置检测方法

本文提出了一种用于电动自行车的无位置传感器无刷直流电机转子位置信号的检测方法.本文所有测量电压的参考电位为电源的负母线.高速下通过比较电机的交流虚拟中点与直流虚拟中点,得到反电势的过零点;低速下将电机的交流虚拟中点电压与负母线电位进行比较,得到反电势的过零点.再将反电势的过零点延迟30°电角度即可获得无刷直流电机绕组换相所需要的转子位置信号.该方法具有扩展速度范围的优点.由于不必对检测信号进行滤波,不但省去了滤波电路,同时消除了滤波电路带来的相移问题.文中对该检测方法的原理进行了详细介绍,并通过实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

超高速永磁无刷电机无位置传感器半闭环启动法

针对超高速永磁无刷电机无位置传感器启动过程中低速时无法准确提取反电动势信号的问题,提出一种半闭环启动方法。该方法可以使电机由静止阶段通过单步加速迅速切换到闭环加速阶段,当电机闭环加速至可以检测到稳定的反电动势信号时在一个换相周期内切换到正常运行。该启动方法无需任何附加电路,整个启动过程稳定,不会出现因扰动或负载变化引起的失步,可以很好地解决超高速永磁无刷电机无位置传感器启动问题。依据此启动方法开发出一套永磁无刷电机驱动器并进行实验验证,证明该启动方法可以快速地启动永磁无刷电机,且能在80 000 r/min时平稳运行。     

A practical sensorless commutation method based on virtual neutral voltage for brushless DC motor

This paper presents a low‐cost and highly practical sensorless control method for brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives. The developed methodology can generate an accurate commutation signal for the BLDC motor by sensing the back electromotive force zero‐crossing point through the virtual neutral voltage of the motor. Since commutation control is critical for the BLDC motor control, a voltage‐controlled phase shifter comprising a hysteresis comparator and voltage‐controlled resistor is proposed in order to perform phase compensation at different speeds and prevent rapid output oscillations due to noise or high‐frequency ripples in the virtual neutral voltage. Finally, several experiments have been performed on a prototype motor to verify the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the practicality and reliability of the proposed sensorless drive method. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

无刷直流电机的单片机监控系统的研制

分析了无刷直流电机的控制原理,详细介绍了其监控系统的硬件组成和软件设计。     

一种特殊直流无刷电机的驱动及调速系统

给出了一种特殊的无刷直流电动机的驱动及调速电路的解决方案 ,该电机主要用作定位系统的陀螺仪 ,由于对速度的稳定性要求较高 ,因此需要稳速电路 ,驱动电路主要用于快速起动。     

校正无位置传感器无刷直流电机位置信号相位的闭环控制策略

分析位置信号相位与非导通相续流电流的关系,指出非导通相续流电流偏差能够准确地反应无位置传感器无刷直流电机位置信号相位误差。根据分析所得结论提出了一种校正位置信号相位的新型闭环控制方法。该闭环控制方法以控制非导通相续流电流对称为目标,以非导通相续流电流偏差为反馈量,通过PI调节器调节,及时调整过零点延时角度,从而达到自动校正位置信号相位的目的。实验验证了该控制方法能够实时、有效地校正位置信号相位。     

A current sensorless drive system of a synchronous motor with a low‐resolution position sensor

High‐performance drive of synchronous motors such as a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a synchronous reluctance motor can be achieved by current vector control. In such drive systems, the armature current is controlled as a sinusoidal waveform based on rotor position information from a high‐resolution position sensor, and the current vector (d‐ and q‐axis currents) is suitably controlled by current feedback control. This paper proposes a current sensorless drive system with a low‐resolution position sensor in order to simplify the SM drive system. High‐performance current control is achieved in the proposed drive system, where the current sensors are eliminated and the simulated currents are used for current control. The low‐resolution position sensor is used instead of a conventional high‐resolution position sensor, and the higher position information is estimated. The steady‐state and transient characteristics are examined in several experiments with respect to the synchronous reluctance motor and the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor. It is confirmed that sinusoidal current drive, high‐performance current vector control, and speed control can be achieved by the proposed drive system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(4): 34–43, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10072     

无刷直流电动机直接驱动系统动态特性分析

在推导了转子表面安装永磁体无刷直流电动机的数学模型的基础上,介绍了一种以集成数字信号处理器ＡＤＭＣ３３１为核心全数字矢量控制无刷直流电动机直接驱动系统。着重分析了电流参考信号超前角,系统参数和驱动方式对无刷直流电动机系统动态性能的影响。     

Performance characterization of a non‐linear system as both an adaptive notch filter and a phase‐locked loop

The behaviour of a non‐linear dynamical system is described. The system may be characterized as an adaptive notch filter, or alternatively, as a phase‐locked loop. Either way, the system has the inherent capability of directly providing estimates of the parameters of the extracted sinusoidal component of its input signal, namely its amplitude, phase and frequency. The structure and mathematical properties of the system are presented for two cases of fixed‐frequency and varying‐frequency operation. The effects of parameter setting of the system on its performance are studied in detail using computer simulations. Transient and steady‐state behaviour of the system are studied in the presence of noise. Simplicity of structure, high noise immunity and robustness and the capability of direct estimation of amplitude, phase and frequency are the salient features of the system when envisaged as an adaptive notch filter or a phase‐locked loop. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A wideband low‐spur 0.18‐µm CMOS phase‐locked loop with bandwidth calibration

This paper presents a 0.18‐µm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor wideband phase‐locked loop with low reference spurs. The dual‐level charge‐pump current calibration technique is proposed to maintain a constant loop bandwidth for wide operation frequency range and achieve low reference spurs. The first level charge‐pump current calibration is seamlessly incorporated in the automatic frequency band hopping control and the mechanism also ensures enough negative transconductance for the voltage‐controlled oscillator to function throughout the whole frequency range. The charge‐pump current mismatch is calibrated by the second level charge‐pump current calibration combined with the pulse‐width scaling technique. The operation frequency range of the phase‐locked loop covers from 4.7 GHz to 6.1 GHz. The measured phase noise is?116 dBc/Hz at 1‐MHz offset and the reference spurs are below?66.8 dBc. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采用反电势逻辑换向方法的无刷直流电动机

提出了一种无位置传感器无刷直流电机的反电势逻辑换相方法，并介绍了其软硬件设计及实验结果。     

A self‐calibrated delay‐locked loop with low static phase error

In conventional delay‐locked loop circuits, the charge and discharge of the charge pump result in mismatched current reflecting the size of the static phase error. The static phase error between feedback clock and reference clock is likely to be within tens or hundreds of picoseconds (ps). We thus propose an approach using digital calibration methods to reduce the charge pump current mismatch by means of the setup time of the D‐type flip flop. The setup time of D‐type flip flop is determined and duplicated to detect the phase error between the reference clock and feedback clock. It results in a very small static phase error between the reference clock and feedback clock. This paper used a 0.18 µm CMOS process design, with a reference frequency of 700 ~ 900 MHz. The active area is 0.031 mm², and the phase error after correction is less than 5 ps. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A current sensorless MPPT control method for a stand‐alone‐type PV generation system

In this paper, a current sensorless MPPT control method for a stand‐alone‐type PV generation system is proposed. This control method offers advantages of the simplified hardware configuration and low cost by using only one sensor to measure the PV output voltage. When used as a stand‐alone‐type with a battery load, the experimental results show that the estimated values of PV output current are accurate, and the use of the proposed MPPT control increases the PV generated energy by 16.3% compared to the conventional system. Furthermore, the authors clarified that the proposed method has an extremely high UUF (useful utilization factor) of 98.7%. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 65– 71, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20424     

最佳PWM调制方式控制的无刷直流电机转子位置检测

为了实现最佳PWM调制方式无刷直流电机的无位置传感器控制,提出了一种新颖的转子位置信号检测方法,该方法通过检测线电压差的过零点,间接检测到断开相绕组反电动势的过零点,再将该过零点延迟30°电角度即可获得无刷直流电机绕组换相所必须的转子位置信号。实验证明,应用此检测方法构成的最佳PWM调制方式无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制系统可以运行在很宽的工作范围内。文中对该检测方法的原理进行了分析,得到了检测电路的结构图并通过实验验证了该方法的正确性和可行性。     

不同PWM控制策略无刷直流电机转子位置统一检测方法

无位置传感器无刷直流电机不同的PWM调制策略,需要采用不同的方法检测转子位置,这给实际生产带来了很大不便.针对这一问题,本文提出一种通过检测无刷直流电机线电压差的过零点来检测转子位置信号的统一方法.理论分析和实验结果证明,该方法不受PWM调制技术的影响,在很宽的速度范围内都能准确地检测到转子位置信号.     

线反电动势检测无刷直流电机转子位置方法

利用传统的反电动势过零检测原理,提出一种利用简化的线反电动势过零检测无刷直流电机转子位置方法,该方法通过实时测量无刷直流电机的任意两路线电压和两路相电流信号,并利用定子电阻参数进行实时简化计算,就可以得到三路线反电动势的过零时刻,从而实现无刷直流电机的无位置传感器控制.该方法结构简单、计算方便,不需要构造电机中点,也不需要进行相位延迟补偿,定子电阻变化对转子位置辨识的精确度影响较小.仿真和实验结果表明,提出的改进线反电动势过零检测方法可以在较宽的速度范围内对转子位置进行准确检测.