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1.
The interactions between the flavan‐3‐ol (?)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and bovine β‐casein in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) of pH 6.5 subjected to thermal processing at various temperatures (25–100 °C) were investigated using fluorescence quenching. The results indicated that different temperatures had different effects on the structural changes and EGCG‐binding ability of β‐casein. At temperatures below 60 °C, the β‐casein–EGCG interaction changed little (> 0.05) with increasing temperature. At temperatures above 80 °C, native assemblies of β‐casein in solution dissociated into individual β‐casein molecules and unfolded, as demonstrated by a red shift of the maximum fluorescence emission wavelength (λmax) of up to 8.8 nm. The highest quenching constant (Kq) and the number of binding sites (n) were 0.92 (±0.01) × 1013 m ?1 s?1 and 0.73 (±0.02) (100 °C), respectively. These results provide insight into the potential of interactions between β‐casein–EGCG that may modulate bioactivity or bioavailability to be altered during thermal process.  相似文献   

2.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐O‐(3‐O‐methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me) has been reported to inhibit type I allergy better than epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L). We examined the effects of extraction and sterilization on the catechin content and histamine release from mast cells, as a representative reaction of early phase allergy, in the manufacture of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea beverage. Among various varieties of tea, the cultivar ‘Benifuuki’ contains approximately 2% of EGCG3″Me. Ester‐type catechins and their epimers increased with the increased extraction temperature of the tea. A tea infusion, extracted at 90 °C, strongly inhibited histamine release from mast cells. Furthermore, sterilization affected the catechin content in the manufactured green tea beverage. Sterilization at high temperature promoted the isomerization of catechins and the sterilized green tea beverage had a strong inhibitory effect. When EGCG3″Me, EGCG, epicatechin‐3‐O‐gallate (ECG) and their epimers, GCG3″Me (gallocatechin‐3‐O‐(3‐O‐methyl) gallate), GCG (gallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate) and CG (catechin‐3‐O‐gallate) were compared, the anti‐allergic effect of GCG3″Me was strongest, and the order of activity was GCG3″Me > EGCG3″Me > GCG > EGCG. We consequently suggest that it was necessary to extract components from tea at the highest temperature possible, and to pasteurize under retort conditions (118.1 °C, 20 min), to manufacture functional green tea beverage with an anti‐allergic action. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

3.
Squid (Todarodes pacifica) pen was an excellent source of β‐chitin with 25.5% yield. The optimal condition to prepare squid pen β‐chitin was established: deproteinisation with 3% NaOH for 30 min at 15 psi/121 °C and a solid/solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v) and a subsequent demineralisation with 1 N HCl for 30 min at room temperature and a solid/solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v). Squid pen β‐chitin contained 6.29% nitrogen, 0.25% ash, and negligible fat with degree of acetylation of 94.02%, residual amino acid of 0.499 g/100 g and bulk density of 0.28 g mL?1. Depending on its particle size, squid pen β‐chitin visually looked white (L* = 82.82, a* = ?0.67, b* = 6.31; particle size of 0.15–0.18 mm) or light grey (L* = 62.88, a* = 0.33, b* = 10.66; particle size of 0.425–0.841 mm). Water, fat and dye‐binding capacity of squid pen β‐chitin was 694.67%, 194.03% and 79.81%, respectively.  相似文献   

4.
The interactions of digestive enzymes (pepsin, pancreatin) and milk proteins (β‐casein, β‐lactoglobulin (β‐Lg)) with (?)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (?)‐epigallocatechin (EGC) and (?)‐epicatechin (EC) at gastric and intestinal pH were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that in the gastric environment, all three tea catechins showed binding affinities in descending order of strength with β‐casein first, followed by β‐Lg and then pepsin. The highest affinity was observed for EGCG–β‐casein, with a binding constant (KA) of 2.502(±0.201) × 105 m ?1. In the intestinal environment, the binding strengths of the proteins with EGCG and EGC were in the order β‐Lg > pancreatin > β‐casein; for binding with EC, the strength order was β‐casein > β‐Lg > pancreatin. The combination EGCG–β‐Lg had the strongest binding affinity, with a KA of 14.300(±0.997) × 105 m ?1. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that tea catechins complexed with milk proteins and digestive enzymes via different hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions depending on the different digestion environments and types of catechins, proteins and enzymes.  相似文献   

5.
The antioxidant activities of native‐ and tannase‐treated green tea extracts along with their major polyphenol components were investigated. The polyphenolic content and composition of the tea before and after tannase treatment were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Approximately 99% of the (?)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (?)‐epicatechin gallate (ECG) in green tea extract were converted by tannase to (?)‐epigallocatechin (EGC) and (?)‐epicatechin (EC), respectively, after 30 min. Biotransformed green tea exhibited a significantly higher DPPH˙ radical scavenging activities than native green tea (EC50 value of 0.024 ± 0.001 and 0.044 ± 0.001 mg mL?1, respectively). Kinetic parameters such as scavenging rate and stoichiometry were calculated. The rate of DPPH˙ radical scavenging activities for tannase‐treated green tea extract was shown to be higher than native green tea extract.  相似文献   

6.
This study aimed to establish an analytical method for α‐dicarbonyl compounds (α‐DCs) including glyoxal, methylglyoxal and diacetyl, to determine the content of α‐DCs in 101 various alcoholic beverages using gas chromatography–nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC‐NPD) and to perform exposure assessment. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for α‐DCs were 0.05–0.22 and 0.15–0.70 μg g?1, respectively. The accuracy and precision were validated in five matrices. The raspberry fruit wine had the highest value at 139.74 μg g?1 total α‐DCs. The lowest α‐DC concentration among the beverages was detected in rice wine (Makgeolli) at 1.59 μg g?1. The levels of α‐DCs in various samples were detected as follows: 1.59–56.68 μg g?1 in rice wine (Makgeolli), 2.73–16.77 μg g?1 in beer, 8.22–139.74 μg g?1 in fruit wine and 8.17–91.56 μg g?1 in rice wine (Cheongju). The estimated daily intake of α‐DCs in the intake‐only group and population group was calculated as 4.22–97.94 μg kg?1 bw day?1 and 0.28–7.13 μg kg?1 bw day?1, respectively.  相似文献   

7.
A novel α‐L‐rhamnosidase was isolated and purified from Aspergillus oryzae NL‐1. The enzyme was purified 13.2‐fold by ultrafiltration, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography with an overall recovery of 6.4% and specific activity of 224.4 U/mg, and the molecular mass of its subunit was approximately 75 kDa. Its optimal temperature and pH were 65 °C and 4.5, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 3.5–7.0, and it showed good thermostability at higher temperatures. The KM, kcat and kcat/KM values were 5.2 mm , 1624 s?1 and 312 s?1 mm ?1 using pNPR as substrates, respectively. Moreover, the enzyme exhibited transglycosylating activity, which could synthesise rhamnosyl mannitol through the reactions of transglycosylation with inexpensive rhamnose as the glycosyl donor. Our findings indicate that the enzyme has potential value for glycoside synthesis in the food industry.  相似文献   

8.
Three phytosterols were isolated from Musa spp. flowers for evaluating their capabilities in inhibiting glucosidase and amylase activities and glycation of protein and sugar. The three phytosterols were identified as β‐sitosterol (PS1), 31‐norcyclolaudenone (PS2) and (24R)‐4α, 14α, 4‐trimethyl‐5α‐cholesta‐8, 25(27)‐dien‐3β‐ol (PS3). IC50 values (the concentration of inhibiting 50% of enzyme activity) of PS1, PS2 and PS3 against α‐glucosidase were 283.67, 11.33 and 43.10 μg mL?1, respectively. For inhibition of α‐amylase, the IC50 values of PS1, PS2 and PS3 were 52.55, 76.25 and 532.02 μg mL?1, respectively. PS1 was an uncompetitive inhibitor against α‐amylase with Km at 5.51 μg mL?1, while PS2 and PS3 exhibited a mixed‐type inhibition with Km at 52.36 and 2.49 μg mL?1, respectively. PS1 and PS2 also significantly inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in a BSA–fructose model. The results suggest that banana flower could possess the capability in prevention of the diseases associated with abnormal blood sugar and AGEs levels, such as diabetes.  相似文献   

9.
Antimicrobial activities of high molecular weight water‐soluble chitosans (HMWWS) against selected Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive foodborne pathogens (initial inoculation of ca. 6.5 Log CFU mL?1) were evaluated. Chitosans with 789 kDa and/or 1017 kDa were dissolved in aspartic acid (AS) to obtain 1–4% w/v solutions. Among HMWWS, only 4% 789 kDa AS chitosan reduced E. coli counts by 2 Log CFU mL?1 from 7.33 at 0 h to 5.16 Log CFU mL?1 at 96 h, and they were not effective against S. Typhimurium. Depending on the concentrations, HMWWS completely inhibited V. cholerae, V. vulnificus and Vparahaemolyticus as well as B. cereus and L. monocytogenes after 48 h or 96 h of incubation. Compared with the control (no HMWWS), 2% or 3% 1017 kDa AS chitosans showed about 3 Log CFU mL?1 lower (4.72–4.86 vs. 7.71) for S. aureus at 96 h of incubation.  相似文献   

10.
This study was aimed to use soy protein isolate (SPI) and high methoxy pectin (HMP) as encapsulating materials for probiotic bacterial (Lactobacillus delbrueckii) delivery systems. The encapsulation conditions were optimised, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterise the microstructural changes of the microcapsule. The results showed that the optimal conditions for microcapsule preparation were 90 mg mL?1 SPI and 1 mg mL?1 HMP, with a SPI/HMP ratio of 7:1 (v/v), and a Ldelbrueckii suspension to SPI–HMP complex ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The viability of the probiotics in the microcapsules reaching the small intestine was 3 log CFU mL?1 higher than that of naked bacteria. SEM showed that the surface of the SPI–HMP compound microcapsules was smooth and that a large number of Ldelbrueckii could be seen in cross‐sections of the microcapsules.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract: Polyphenols, retained in black tea wastes following the commercial production of tea beverages, represent an underutilized resource. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential use of hot‐compressed water (HCW) for the extraction of pancreatic lipase‐inhibiting polyphenols from black tea residues. Black tea residues were treated with HCW at 10 °C intervals, from 100 to 200 °C. The resulting extracts were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and assayed to determine their inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. Four theaflavins (TF), 5 catechins, 2 quercetin glycosides, quinic acid, gallic acid, and caffeine were identified. The total polyphenol content of extracts increased with increasing temperature but lipase inhibitors (TF, theaflavin 3‐O‐gallate, theaflavin 3′‐O‐gallate, theaflavin 3,3′‐O‐gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate) decreased over 150 °C. All extracts inhibited pancreatic lipase but extracts obtained at 100 to 140 °C showed the greatest lipase inhibition (IC50s of 0.9 to 1.3 μg/mL), consistent with the optimal extraction of TFs and catechins except catechin by HCW between 130 and 150 °C. HCW can be used to extract pancreatic lipase‐inhibiting polyphenols from black tea waste. These extracts have potential uses, as dietary supplements and medications, for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Practical Application: Active forms of lipase inhibitors can be recovered from black tea residues. They could be used as dietary supplements or medications.  相似文献   

12.
Various ethanolic concentrations (0–95%, v/v) and temperatures (25–95 °C) were used to extract γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tea leaves. Extraction yields, and contents of total phenols, various catechins, GABA, theanine, and antioxidant properties of extracts were determined. The 50% (v/v) ethanol at 50–95 °C gave higher yields (32.05–32.56 g dried extract/100 g dried tea leaves). The bioactive components and antioxidant properties of extracts were affected by the ethanolic concentrations and temperatures. Among catechins, epigallocatechin gallate was the main catechin in all extracts, followed by epigallocatechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin and gallocatechin gallate. The 50–75% (v/v) ethanol at 75–95 °C gave higher contents of ester type (102.92–104.54 mg/g extract) and non-ester type (61.75–63.55 mg/g extract) catechins. Water at 50–75 °C gave higher GABA and theanine contents and higher chelating ability of extracts. The 75% (v/v) ethanol at 25–75 °C gave higher scavenging ability and reducing power of extracts. Based on dried tea extracts or leaves results obtained, the optimal extraction conditions to maintain the total contents of various catechins, GABA and theanine in the maximum level were 50% ethanol (v/v) and 75–95 °C.  相似文献   

13.
BACKGROUND: ?liwowica ??cka is a strong, distilled, home‐made plum brandy produced in a submontane region of Poland. The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition of this alcoholic beverage (samples from the years 2001–2004) and compare it with that of other plum brandies. Gas chromatography and spectrophotometry methods were used to detect major volatile components. RESULTS: Home‐made Polish plum brandies generally contained more ethanol (64.7–72.5% v/v), methanol (5.59–8.74 g L?1100°) and butanol (32–335 mg L?1100°) and less isobutanol (406–491 mg L?1100°), pentanol (4.3–14.9 mg L?1100°) and 2‐phenylethanol (61–68 mg L?1100°) than other samples. The amyl alcohols/1‐propanol and isobutanol/1‐propanol ratios might be used as indices to distinguish spontaneously fermented plum brandies from those produced by monoculture. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) were found in the plum brandy sensory characteristics examined. Total sensory scores of Polish plum brandies ranged between 12.0 and 14.3, while Slovakian Slivovica received the highest score (16.7). CONCLUSION: The results showed that plum brandies produced in the ??cko area are characterised by a similar and original chemical composition that results mainly from spontaneous fermentation as well as traditional production technology. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

14.
The ability of catechins and their related compounds to inhibit breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) function in Caco‐2 cell monolayers was investigated with mitoxantrone as a BCRP substrate. The gallate or pyrogallol moiety on the catechin structure seemed to promote increased cellular accumulation and inhibit efflux transport of mitoxantrone. The ability of gallate catechins such as (?)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (?)‐epicatechin gallate (ECG) to increase cellular accumulation and inhibit efflux transport of mitoxantrone was greater than that of nongallate catechins. Gallic acid octyl ester (GAO) also increased intracellular mitoxantrone accumulation. Experiments using GAO derivatives indicated that the gallate moiety required the presence of a long carbon chain for BCRP inhibition. Cellular accumulation and reduced efflux transport of mitoxantrone were greater with epigallocatechin 3‐(3″‐O‐butyl) gallate than with EGCG. EGCG inhibition of BCRP seemed to be restricted by hydrophobicity. The co‐administration of catechins, particularly EGCG and related compounds, with greater hydrophobicity may increase the therapeutic activities of BCRP substrates such as mitoxantrone.  相似文献   

15.
3‐Monochloropropanediol (3‐MCPD) esters are contaminants produced from the high‐temperature processing of edible oils. The accurate measurement of 3‐MCPD using an easy‐to‐follow and reliable method that uses a readily available instrument is important. Here, we report an acid transesterification heptafluorobutyrylimidazole (HFBI) derivatisation method for the accurate measurement of 3‐MCPD esters in edible oils. We developed a dispersed matrix solid‐phase supported liquid–liquid extraction (DMSP‐SLE) system to remove impurities. Both the transesterification and DMSP‐SLE conditions were optimised. A good linear relationship was obtained within the range of 0.05–10 mg kg?1 (R2 ≥ 0.999) in both blank solvent and an oil sample. The limit of detection was 20.36 μg kg?1. The average recovery of the 3‐MCPD esters spiked at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg kg?1 into a blank oil matrix was in a range from 105.09 ± 2.77% to 120.16 ± 10.88%. The method we developed was further confirmed by performing detection on a Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) sample.  相似文献   

16.
The relationship between prior growth of food‐spoilage yeast in high‐sugar environments and their subsequent survival postpulsed UV (PUV) irradiation was investigated. Test yeast were separately grown to early stationary phase in YPD broth containing increasing concentrations of glucose (1–50% w/v) and were flashed with ≤40 pulses of broad‐spectrum light at lamp discharge energy settings of 3.2, 7.2 and 12.8 J (equivalent to UV doses of 0.53, 1.09 and 3.36 μJ cm?2, respectively) and their inactivation measured. Findings showed that prior growth in high‐sugar conditions (≥30% glucose w/v) enhanced the sensitivity of all nine representative strains of Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Z. rouxii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast to PUV irradiation. Significant differences in inactivation amongst different yeast types also occurred depending on amount of UV dose applied, where the order of increasing sensitivity of osmotically stressed yeast to PUV irradiation was shown to be Z. rouxii, Z. bailii and >S. cerevisiae. For example, a 1.2‐log order difference in CFU mL?1 reduction occurred between Z. bailii 11 486 and S. cerevisiae 834 when grown in 50% w/v sugar samples and treated with the uppermost test UV dosage of 3.36 μJ cm?2, where these two yeast strains were reduced by 3.8 and 5.0 log orders, respectively, after this PUV treatment regime compared to untreated controls. The higher the UV dose applied the greater the reduction in yeast numbers. For example, a 1.0‐, 1.4‐ and 4.0‐log order differences in CFU mL?1 numbers occurred for S. cerevisiae 834 grown in 15% w/v sugar samples and then treated with PUV dose of 0.53, 1.09 and 3.36 μJ cm?2, respectively. These findings support the development of PUV for the treatment of high‐sugar foods that are prone to spoilage by osmotolerant yeast.  相似文献   

17.
R‐phycoerythrin (R‐PE) was purified from the red algae Bangia fusco‐purpurea after 35–50% ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by ion‐exchange column chromatography on DEAE‐Sepharose, resulting in a purity (A565/A280) ratio of 5.1. The circular dichroism spectroscopy results suggested that the structure of R‐PE is predominately helical. The antioxidant activity of R‐PE was studied and revealed changes in conformation and antioxidant activity at different temperatures and pH values. After in vitro‐simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion of R‐PE, the scavenging activity of ABTS radical (EC50, 769.9 μg mL?1), DPPH radical (EC50, 421.9 μg mL?1), hydroxyl radical (EC50, 32.4 μg mL?1) and reducing power (A700 = 0.5, 625.8 μg mL?1) were measured. Gel filtration chromatography analysis showed that the molecular weight distribution of the final GI digest that still contained high antioxidant activity was <3 kDa. Our present results indicate that digestion‐resistant antioxidant peptides of R‐PE may be obtained by in vitro GI proteinases degradation.  相似文献   

18.
This work is aimed at: (i) analysing the extracts obtained from canning by‐products of three artichoke cultivars (Opal, Capriccio and Catanese) for antioxidant parameters; (ii) comparing UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS profile, colour, textural properties and cooking performance of fresh pasta enriched of the most antioxidant extract, with control pasta. The concentrated Catanese cv. extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity (1662 μmol Trolox equivalents L?1) and the highest levels of luteolin‐7‐O‐rutinoside, luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside and apigenin‐7‐O‐rutinoside compared to other cultivars. Fresh pasta enriched of Catanese extract showed higher (< 0.05) phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (500 mg gallic acid kg?1 and 1324 μmol Trolox kg?1, respectively) than control pasta (306 mg gallic acid kg?1 and 886 μmol Trolox kg?1, respectively). The extract increased (< 0.05) pasta brownness (from 19.93 to 23.34), and decreased yellowness (from 27.11 to 23.09), but did not alter textural and cooking parameters. So, pasta was a good vehicle to increase the antioxidant dietary intake.  相似文献   

19.
This study aimed to develop a green two‐dimensional HPLC‐DAD/ESI‐MS method for analysing anthocyanins from Prunus cerasifera var. atropurpurea leaf and improve their stability in energy drinks by the addition of phenolic acids. Ethanol and tartaric acid solutions were used as mobile phases for one‐dimensional HPLC‐DAD for quantitative analysis of anthocyanins, and the primary anthocyanins were identified as cyanidin‐3‐O‐galactoside, cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside using two‐dimensional HPLC‐MS. Method validation showed that the developed method was accurate, stable and reliable for the analysis of P. cerasifera anthocyanins. The effects of gallic, ferulic and caffeic acid on the stability of cyanidin‐3‐O‐galactoside, cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside and total anthocyanins from P. cerasifera leaf in energy drinks were evaluated, and the degradation of P. cerasifera anthocyanins ideally followed a first‐order model (R2 > 0.98). Gallic acid showed stronger protective effects on P. cerasifera anthocyanins in energy drinks, and adding/increasing ferulic and caffeic acids accelerated the degradation reactions.  相似文献   

20.
In this study, a method was developed for the determination of various tea catechins in vegetable oils. Firstly, vegetable oils including tea seed oil, sunflower seed oil and soya bean oil were extracted by methanol/water (40:60, v/v), and then, a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of GA, caffeine, EGC, EGCG, EC, ECG, GC, GCG, C and CG. For the compounds detected in tested vegetable oils, LODs were in the range of 0.05–1.65 ng, both intraday and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <5.0%, and the recovery rates were in the range of 96.2–100.5% with RSD <3.7%. The results showed in vegetable oils which declared to had added tea catechins in, the concentrations of tea catechins were less than that showed in package label, and the content of EGCG was the highest in all samples. Therefore, the advancement made in our study will facilitate studies of tea catechins in oil industry.  相似文献   

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