超细碳酸钙/粉末丁苯橡胶的制备及在PVC中的应用

本文用超细碳酸钙（CaCO3）作为隔离剂和不同的包覆剂,通过凝聚法制备粉末丁苯橡胶（PBSR）.当超细CaCO3与PBSR质量比为50/100,包覆剂Coron树脂结构组成中马来酸酐和苯乙烯质量比为7/3,用量占PSBR质量的9%时,所得的超细CaCO3/PSBR粒径小于1mm,比未加超细CaCO3的PSBR小一倍左右.当PSBR/PVC的质量比为15/100,CaCO3/PSBR与PVC混合制得复合材料的拉伸强度比PSBR与PVC制得复合材料提高了约15%,缺口冲击强度提高了60%左右.     

木质素用量对乳液共沉天然橡胶性能的影响

采用共沉方法制备天然橡胶/木质素复合材料,研究了复合材料和炭黑胶料的性能以及木质素用量对天然橡胶性能的影响。结果表明,加有木质素的胶料,随着木质素用量的增加,复合材料的门尼粘度逐渐上升,炭黑胶料的最低转矩(ML)增大,最高转矩(MH)下降,正硫化时间(tc90)延长,焦烧时间(ts1)缩短,炭黑分散性变差,胶料的加工安全性、耐磨性及耐老化性变差,硫化胶的定伸应力降低。当木质素用量在20份以内时,硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度提高。     

Cold Plasma Modification Effects on the Water Flow through Sintered UHMWPE Membranes

Natural rubber latex and various concentration of natural antioxidant were blended in different ratios and irradiated at various absorbed doses by gamma rays from Co-60 source at room temperature. The aqueous extraction of Diospyros peregrina was used as natural antioxidant. It was found that the addition of different concentration of natural antioxidant into natural rubber latex improve the aging property of the film. Decreasing in tensile strength of rubber film with 10 phr natural antioxidant and 15 kGy radiation dose after 24 hours aging at 100°C was 9.34% compared to 13.89% for film without natural antioxidant. The tensile strength, tear resistance and modulus at 500% elongation of the rubber film were found to be optimum at 15 kGy radiation dose and with 10 phr natural antioxidant. Elongation at break, permanent set and swelling ratio decreases with the increasing absorbed radiation dose as well as the concentration of the natural antioxidant.     

促进剂ZBEC对天然胶乳胶膜的硫化及力学性能的影响

研究了二苄基二硫代氨基甲酸锌(ZBEC)、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌(ZDC)以及氧化锌(ZnO)和硫化温度对天然胶乳配合胶膜的硫化及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着促进剂ZBEC、ZDC、ZnO用量的增加和硫化温度的提高,天然胶乳配合胶膜的硫化速度显著提高,且与ZDC相比,ZBEC略快。当ZBEC用量从0.5份增加到1.5份时,定伸应力、拉伸强度、撕裂强度先增加后减小。当ZDC用量从0.5份增加到1.5份时,定伸应力、拉伸强度随之增大,撕裂强度先增大后减小。随硫化温度的提高,以ZBEC为促进剂的硫化体系及以ZDC为促进剂的硫化体系的硫化胶膜的定伸应力、拉伸强度及撕裂强度均先增大后减小。     

有机过氧化物硫化胶乳的一些影响因素研究

利用正交试验的SAS程序确定了胶乳硫化的适宜硫化剂及硫化助剂用量,在此基础上探讨不同稀碱液用量对硫化胶乳性质性能的影响,通过DTG、TG、DTA等现代分析手段测试过氧化物不同用量对胶乳耐热氧老化性能的影响。结果表明,过氧化羟基异丙苯、四乙烯五胺、丙烯酸丁酯、聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚最适宜用量分别为：0．453g/100g干胶、0．302g/100g干胶、3g/100g干胶、0．068g/100g干胶。其硫化胶膜拉伸强度、撕裂强度、耐热老化性等物理性能均获得较高。就同一硫化胶乳配方而言,利用稀碱液可调节其热稳定性及拉伸强度等物理性能。     

无机填料对CM/NBR共混胶性能的影响

研究了陶土、碳酸钙、高岭土及蒙脱土对CM/NBR共混胶性能的影响。结果表明,加入陶土可导致共混胶焦烧时间缩短,正硫化时间延长,拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和撕裂强度均增大;当陶土用量超过10份时,填料与橡胶结合形成填料网络,共混胶耐油性能提高。RPA分析结果表明,碳酸钙、高岭土和蒙脱土分别填充的CM/NBR共混胶Payne效应依次增强。随着碳酸钙、高岭土及蒙脱土用量的增大,共混胶硬度、门尼粘度、磨耗体积和定伸应力均增大,拉伸强度和撕裂强度却下降。高岭土填充的CM/NBR共混胶物理机械性能下降最小。     

Chemically modified starch reinforced natural rubber composites

Chemically modified starch paste (MST) with polybutylacrylate (PBA) graft chains is investigated as a reinforcing filler of rubber through mixing and co-coagulating with natural rubber (NR) latex. The PBA graft chains are designed to prevent hydrogen bonding and crystallization of starch and to improve compatibility between starch and rubber. Through the comparison of mechanical properties and phase morphology, MST is proved to be much superior to unmodified starch paste. Unmodified starch paste acts as essentially inert filler causing a decrease of tensile strength, tear strength and elongation at break. In contrast, optimum MST shows obvious reinforcement effect on NR matrix by increasing tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength besides modulus and hardness. Moreover, fine starch dispersion and strong interfacial interaction are achieved in NR/MST composites. The observed reinforcement effect is interpreted based on the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of grafted starch in comparison with natural starch and gelatinized starch.     

改善胶乳三腔双囊胃管质量的生产工艺研究

以浓缩天然胶乳并用20份MG49天甲胶乳作胃管基础管身胶料可有效提高管身硬度和撕裂强度,并解决纯天然胶乳管身硬度不足、临床不易插管的难题,而对产品工艺性能及其他性能无不良影响。用"硝酸钙+工业酒精+表面活性剂"代替"硝酸钙+生粉附型剂+表面活性剂"作凝固体系,可改善胃管球囊胶膜厚度的均匀性。对胃管球囊内表面做适度氯化处理,可克服球囊与胃管管身产生的粘连或粘伤。适当改变绑线位置可有效减少胃管球囊胶膜出现的龟裂纹;球囊绑线处涂覆氯仿值二中~三中(见表9注)、总固体25%~35%的胶料3~4次,可获得较好涂胶效果。     

Improvement of Physicochemical Properties of Rubber Blends Between Nonirradiated and Irradiated Rubber Latexes by Radiation Vulcanization

Abstract

Nonirradiated natural rubber latex (NRL) and irradiated (12 kGy) rubber latex were blended in ratios of 100:0, 85:15, 65:35, 50:50, 35:65, 15:85, and 0:100 (v/v) to improve properties of the rubber latex. The blends were irradiated using different irradiation doses (0–20 kGy) in the presence of a radiation vulcanization accelerator (RVA), normal butyl acrylate (n-BA). The physicochemical properties of the nonirradiated latex, irradiated latex, and blend films were determined after leaching with distilled water. It was observed that the tensile strengths of the blend films increases with an increase in the content of the irradiated proportion and radiation doses. The composition of the blends and the doses of radiation were optimized. The maximum tensile strength (31.41 MPa) was found for the 50:50 composition of the blend with a 5 kGy radiation dose. The 100:0 blends, when irradiated, give the highest tensile strength (27.69 MPa) with 12 kGy but a 15:85 nonirradiated blend gives the tensile strength of 26.18 MPa.     

不同品系天然橡胶胶乳的性能研究

对同一割龄6个品系的鲜胶乳,将其浓缩后比较各品系浓缩胶乳的性能,浓缩胶乳硫化胶膜的物理机械性能进行研究.结果表明热研8-79鲜胶及浓乳的干胶和总固含量最高,热研88-13的钙镁含量最高,RRIM600的分子量最大,硫化胶膜物理机械性能最好.     

硫黄用量对天然胶乳膜性能的影响

采用凝固剂浸渍法制备天然胶乳硫化胶膜,并对其结构和性能进行研究。结果表明：天然胶乳预硫化程度随硫黄用量的增加而增大;胶膜硫化后的交联程度随硫黄用量的增加先增大后减小,在硫黄用量为1.25份时达到最大值;拉伸强度随硫黄用量的增加先增大后减小,在硫黄用量为1份时达到最大值,而拉断伸长率呈下降趋势;当硫黄用量为1份时达到最佳致密性。     

氯化石蜡共混改性天然胶乳的研究

分别采用氯化石蜡、氯化石蜡／Sb2O3共混改性天然胶乳．考察了改性胶乳硫化胶膜的力学性能及阻燃性能．并进行了TG·DTG和DSC分析。结果表明：改性胶乳的阻燃效果比未改性天然胶乳的高．且氯化石蜡／Sb2O3共混改性天然胶乳可产生协同阻燃效果；随Sb2O3用量的增加．硫化胶膜撕裂强度增加．而拉伸强度下降。氯化石蜡／Sb2O3改性胶乳的热降解过程为二步反应．且起始热降解温度比天然胶乳的低．玻璃化转变温度提高。     

过硫酸铵改性炭黑／天然胶乳复合材料的制备与性能研究

摘要：用过硫酸铵水溶液改性炭黑,制备亲水性炭黑悬浮液。采用乳液共混法,将制备的改性炭黑水溶液直接加入天然胶乳。结果表明：改性后炭黑表面亲水性含氧基团增多,粒径减小;与传统干法混炼炭黑,天然橡胶胶料相比,乳液共混改性炭黑／天然胶乳复合材料炭黑分散粒径小且分散均匀,复合材料拉伸强度和撕裂强度显著提高。     

硅藻土/天然橡胶复合材料的性能研究

利用环氧化天然胶乳作为硅藻土的界面改性剂,制备了硅藻土/天然橡胶复合材料,通过无转子流变仪、电子万能材料试验机和橡胶动态压缩生热仪,研究了复合材料的硫化特性,物理机械性能和温升特性。结果表明,硅藻土/天然橡胶复合材料的焦烧与正硫化时间随着硅藻土含量的增加,先增后减;最大与最小扭矩随硅藻土含量的增加而增加;硅藻土/天然橡胶复合材料的拉伸与撕裂强度均有提高,当硅藻土含量为4phr时,拉伸强度最高,为28.5MPa;当硅藻土的含量为2phr时,撕裂强度最高,为37.9N/mm;由于硅藻土的加入,材料的内生热显著降低。     

纳米SiOx改性天然胶乳用表面处理剂的选择

分别以丙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、丙三醇处理纳米SiOx，研究了纳米SiOx在天然乳胶及PVA复合天然乳胶体系中的均匀分散技术；性能测试结果及SEM照片表明：①采用多羟基有机化合物作为表面处理剂，可以使纳米SiOx在胶膜中分散均匀．并有效防止其在体系中的聚集。②多数试样的拉伸强度和撕裂强度均高于添加常规补强剂（白炭黑或炭黑）的试样。③采用一缩二乙二醇作为纳米SiOx表面处理剂的天然乳胶膜，其拉伸强度为59．44MPa，撕裂强度为27．66N／mm，综合力学性能最优，分别比添加白炭黑的试样提高了44．6％和33．2％。     

不同填料对丁苯胶乳硫化特性和力学性能的影响

通过不同种类填料按一定配方与丁苯胶乳配合,考察配合胶乳胶膜的硫化特性、硫化胶膜的物理机械性能.结果表明:填料滑石粉用量越多,胶膜的物理机械性能越差,硫化速度加快;CaCO3作为填料加到丁苯胶乳中时,硫化速度最快,胶膜的物理机械性能最好.     

丁二烯-丙烯腈乳液聚合过程的性能研究

在生产N41丁腈橡胶乳液时,考察了聚合反应单体转化率随反应时间的变化,测定了乳液的粒径、黏度、表面张力和机械稳定性等性能。试验结果表明:随着转化率的升高,乳液的粒径、黏度和表面张力逐渐升高,机械稳定性逐渐降低;当转化率为80%时,乳液的各项性能最佳。     

THE COMPARISON PROPERTIES OF RECYCLE RUBBER POWDER,CARBON BLACK,AND CALCIUM CARBONATE FILLED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS

The effects of filler loading on the curing characteristics, swelling behavior, and mechanical properties of natural rubber compounds were studied using a conventional vulcanization system. Recycle rubber powder (RRP), carbon black (CB) (N550), and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) were used as fillers and the loading range was from 0 to 50 phr. Results show that the scorch time, t ₂, and cure time, t ₉₀, decrease with increase in filler loading. At a similar filler loading, RRP shows shortest t ₂ and t ₉₀ followed by CB and calcium carbonate. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, and hardness increase with increase in CB loading, whereas elongation at break, resilience, and swelling properties show opposite trend. For RRP and calcium carbonate filled natural rubber compounds, the tensile strength increases up to 10 phr and starts to deteriorate at higher filler loading. The other properties such as tensile modulus, hardness, elongation at break, resilience, and swelling percentage show a small change (increase or decrease) with increase in RRP and calcium carbonate loading in natural rubber compounds. Overall results indicate that RRP can be used as a cheapener to replace calcium carbonate in natural rubber compounds where improved mechanical properties are not critical.     

Polypropylene/natural rubber thermoplastic elastomer: Effect of phenolic resin as a vulcanizing agent on mechanical properties and morphology

The aim of this study is to characterize thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) from polypropylene and natural rubber with and without phenolic resin as a vulcanizing agent. The blends containing 40–60 wt % of polypropylene were mixed in an internal mixer and pressed with a compression molding machine. TPEs without rubber vulcanization, named as unvulcanized thermoplastic natural rubber (uTPNR) were compared to TPEs containing dynamic vulcanized rubber, referred as vulcanized thermoplastic natural rubber (vTPNR). The uTPNRs illustrated cocontinuous phase morphology, whereas the vTPNRs displayed dispersed phase of vulcanized natural rubber. Tensile properties, tear strength, thermal ageing resistance, ozone resistance, tension set, hardness and swelling test in toluene, IRM 903 oil and engine oil were carried out according to ASTM. It was found that tensile and tear strength, hardness and tension set of the uTPNRs increased with increasing polypropylene content. Dynamic vulcanization improved tensile strength, elongation at break, tension set and degree of swelling of the TPEs, whereas hardness and tear strength did not show significant change after dynamic vulcanization. The vTPNRs exhibited higher ozone resistance and swelling resistance than the uTPNRs. Reprocessability of the vTPNRs was investigated and showed that tensile strength decreased at 20 and 30% and elongation at break decreased at 13 and 27% for the first and the third reprocessing respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

不同割龄橡胶树RRIM600胶乳组份及性能的研究

本论文研究了割龄3年、割龄13年、割龄20年、割龄24年和割龄28年5种不同割龄的RRIM600天然胶乳的性能。主要研究了天然胶乳粒径,生胶性能,混炼胶的硫化特性以及硫化胶的力学性能。结果表明,割龄28年胶树所得天然胶乳平均粒径最小,胶粒的分布范围较窄,分散性较好;割龄20年橡胶树生胶的P₀和门尼黏度较大,割龄为20年和28年橡胶树所得天然橡胶拉伸强度和撕裂强度较大。