速冻橄榄的护色

通过橄榄冻前不同的处理工艺比较 ,发现青橄榄经 0 .2 %碳酸氢钠溶液浸泡不同时间后速冻解冻 ,对于阻止解冻后的色泽变化稍有作用 ,但是不明显 ;冻前热烫 ,0 .2 %碳酸氢钠溶液热烫比水热烫要好 ,其中以 0 .2 %碳酸氢钠溶液 90℃热烫 5s效果最好 ,可以维持样品 5h内色泽不出现明显的改变 ;经过微波处理后速冻 ,以 314W处理 15s的效果较好 ;以不同的护色液进行反压处理真空封口包装或者使果实表面形成糖衣的方法 ,对于橄榄解冻后护色 ,则具有更好的效果 .分析测定结果表明 ,经较好的护色方法处理 ,速冻解冻 9h的橄榄样品中的叶绿素含量与未速冻的原料中的叶绿素含量接近 .     

不同处理对解冻橄榄颜色的影响

通过橄榄冻前不同的处理工艺比较,发现青橄榄经0.2%碳酸氢钠溶液浸泡不同时间后速冻、解冻,对于阻止解冻后的色泽变化稍有作用,但是不明显;冻前热烫,0.2%碳酸氢钠溶液热烫比水热烫要好,其中以0.2%碳酸氢钠溶液90℃热烫5s效果最好,可以维持样品5h内色泽不出现明显的改变;经过微波处理后速冻,以314W处理15的效果较好;以不同的护色液进行反压处理真空封口包装或者使果实表面形成糖衣的方法,对于橄榄解冻后护色,则具有更好的效果。分析测定结果表明,经较好的护色方法处理,速冻解冻9h的橄榄样品中的叶绿素含量基本与未速冻的原料中的叶绿素含量差不多。     

低糖枇杷果脯护色条件的研究

采用不同浓度的亚硫酸氢钠、无硫护色剂(柠檬酸、VC、植酸)分别对枇杷护色处理和糖渍后分析色泽变化的情况,以便进一步寻找安全有效的无硫护色剂。研究表明:添加0.3%的亚硫酸氢钠对枇杷亮度L*值、彩度H值有显著提高作用;柠檬酸单独护色效果较VC好,但在糖渍过程中两者对枇杷的影响相当;植酸的护色效果较差。0.4%柠檬酸+0.2%VC复配使用可以达到0.3%亚硫酸氢钠护色的效果。     

不同预处理方式对速冻草莓品质的影响

确定了速冻草莓的最佳冻结时间,并研究了用不同预处理方式处理速冻草莓在冻藏期间的VC含量、pH值的变化,硬度与汁液流失率.速冻预处理溶液采用蔗糖和氯化钙溶液,通过改变浸蘸溶液的浓度和浸蘸时间来改变处理方式.经实验最终确定,最佳速冻时间为5 h,速冻草莓冻藏期间的VC含量逐渐降低,pH值呈上升趋势,经20%糖液处理的草莓色泽较好,用CaCl2溶液预处理草莓的方式可明显提高草莓硬度,减少其汁液流失率.     

不同温度液氮速冻对斑点叉尾鮰品质的影响

为了研究不同温度液氮速冻对水产品品质的影响,本文以斑点叉尾鮰为研究对象,采用-60、-80、-100℃液氮对鮰鱼进行速冻处理,研究不同温度液氮速冻对鮰鱼解冻损失率、加压失水率、蒸煮损失率、p H、色泽、韧性、蛋白质模式、微观组织结构、水分分布等指标的影响,为工业化鮰鱼生产加工提供理论依据。结果表明,液氮速冻温度对鮰鱼样品解冻损失率、加压失水率、蒸煮损失率、韧性和色泽无显著差异;-60、-80℃处理后pH呈减低趋势,-100℃液氮处理后pH略有增大; SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,随着液氮速冻温度降低渗出液中蛋白质的种类和含量逐渐增多;-60、-80、-100℃液氮处理使微观组织结构的细胞面积、细胞间隙和冰晶面积呈现增大趋势,其中-100℃液氮处理使变化趋势显著增大;同时经过低场核磁共振,发现经过不同温度液氮速冻处理之后,新鲜、-60℃和-80℃液氮处理鮰鱼的水分分布无显著变化,但-100℃液氮处理其自由水显著升高。从冷冻速率和品质考虑,-80℃液氮速冻处理更有利于维持鮰鱼的品质。     

植酸对番茄保鲜效果的影响

以变色期番茄为材料,分别采用浓度为0.05%、0.10%、0.15%的植酸溶液浸泡30s,在室温下贮藏33d,研究不同浓度植酸溶液涂膜处理对番茄果实的保鲜效果。结果表明,植酸溶液处理能推迟番茄果实呼吸跃变时呼吸高峰的出现时间,降低呼吸强度峰值;对保持果实硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸有较好作用;能减少水分蒸发,降低果实失重率;其中浓度为0.10%的植酸溶液对番茄果实进行涂膜处理保鲜效果最好。     

水杨酸对番茄保鲜效果的影响

以变色期番茄为材料,分别采用浓度为0.1g/L、0.5g/L、1.0g/L的水杨酸溶液浸泡20min,在室温下贮藏33d,研究不同浓度水杨酸溶液涂膜处理对番茄果实的保鲜效果。结果表明,水杨酸处理能推迟番茄果实呼吸跃变时呼吸高峰的出现时间,降低呼吸强度峰值;对保持果实硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸有较好作用;能减少水分蒸发,降低果实失重率。使用浓度为0.5g/L的水杨酸溶液对番茄果实进行涂膜处理有较好的保鲜效果。     

外源柠檬酸处理对杨桃采后后熟及衰老的影响

为探索杨桃采后果实保鲜新方法,研究外源柠檬酸对采后杨桃后熟衰老及保鲜效果的影响。以广东湛江红杨桃为试材,采用5、10 mmol/L的柠檬酸溶液浸泡果实20 min并在15℃下贮藏,研究柠檬酸处理对果实的后熟软化及相关生理指标的影响。结果表明:柠檬酸处理有效延缓了杨桃果实硬度的下降、可溶性固形物含量的上升、可滴定酸含量的降低、细胞膜透性的上升以及果实VC含量的下降;柠檬酸处理还能提高果实贮藏后期POD的活性;同时,柠檬酸处理也抑制了果实中PPO活性的升高和MDA含量的积累。相关性分析表明,柠檬酸处理果实的硬度与POD活性、PPO活性及可滴定酸含量密切相关。外源柠檬酸能有效地抑制采后杨桃的后熟衰老进程,有较好的保鲜效果。     

硫藏双华李柠檬酸烫漂脱硫工艺参数及其对品质的影响研究

以硫藏双华李果胚为原料,采用柠檬酸对其进行脱硫研究,通过评价脱硫率及果胚的品质(包括色泽、质地),确定其工艺参数。结果显示:柠檬酸浓度、脱硫温度和时间都在不同程度上影响SO2脱除率。在一定范围内,增加柠檬酸浓度、提高脱硫温度和延长脱硫时间能显著地提高脱硫效果;但高温、时间过长会引起果胚果皮破损、硬度下降。正交实验优化的脱硫工艺参数为:柠檬酸浓度4%、脱硫温度90℃、脱硫时间20 min。该工艺条件下,果胚的SO2脱除率可达88.59%,并且果胚仍然保持着较好的外观与质地。     

不同解冻方式对速冻蓝莓果实品质的影响

通过测定速冻蓝莓解冻时间、营养品质和活性成分等指标,研究低温、常温、水浴、微波和超声波5种解冻方式对速冻蓝莓品质的影响。结果表明:5种解冻方法解冻时间差异显著(p0.05),微波解冻超声波解冻水浴解冻常温解冻低温解冻;微波解冻后的蓝莓果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和硬度保持最好、汁液流失率最低;微波解冻能较好的保持蓝莓花色苷、VC和总酚含量,对蓝莓活性成分破坏较小。综合比较分析,微波解冻是一种适合速冻蓝莓解冻的有效方法。     

Changes in Sucrose, Fructose and Glucose Content of Frozen Strawberries with Thawing

Free sugar composition of strawberries during thawing and up to 5-hr after-thaw storage was studied. Sucrose content of drained fruits and juice decreased by 70% whereas fructose and glucose content increased during thawing at 4 °C. Total free sugar content remained constant. Sucrose degradation caused by invertase activity in the strawberry fruit rather than by sucrose synthase activity or acid hydrolysis was demonstrated. The sucrose inversion was more pronounced in drained fruits than in juice. Sucrose inversion also occurred when fruit was thawed by a current of air, microwave heating, or 35 °C water, but to a lesser extent. The 5-hr holding period after thawing resulted in comparable sugar composition with all thawing procedures. For best preservation of the free sugar composition a fast thawing method should be chosen.     

Effects of tal pro-long,a surface coating agent,on the shelf life and quality attributes of plantain

The effects of Tal Pro-long, a commercial fruit coating, on the shelf life and selected quality attributes of plantain were investigated. Relative to untreated fruits, yellow colour development was retarded by 4 to 8 days, and changes in pH and total acidity were delayed in plantain dipped in 1.5% or 2.5% Pro-long solution when stored at 30°C or at 20–24°C. Pro-long treatment had less effect on the pulp: peel ratio of plantain and on changes in moisture contents of pulp and peel during storage. After ripening, fruits dipped in 1.5% Pro-long solution produced an acceptable, though slightly inferior, fried plantain product relative to untreated fruits.     

Optimization of microwave frying of osmotically dehydrated potato slices by using response surface methodology

Microwave frying of osmotically dehydrated potatoes was optimized by using response surface methodology. Osmotic dehydration was applied prior to microwave frying in order to reduce oil uptake and to evaluate the effect of osmotic dehydration on quality of microwave fried potatoes. Moisture content, oil content, hardness and color of the fried potatoes were used as quality parameters. Microwave power level (400, 550, 700 W), frying time (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 min) and osmotic dehydration time (15, 30, 45 min) were the independent variables in the study. Osmotic dehydration treatment was conducted using 20% (w/w) sodium chloride solution at 30 °C. Moisture content of the fried potatoes decreased whereas oil content, hardness and ΔE value of potatoes increased with increasing frying time and microwave power level. The increase in osmotic dehydration time reduced moisture content and oil content and increased hardness of fried potatoes. The optimum condition was found as frying at 400 W microwave power level for 1.5 min after 39 min of osmotic dehydration time.     

Effect of controlled atmospheres on maintaining quality of persimmon fruit cv. "Rojo Brillante"

ABSTRACT:  Astringent "Rojo Brillante" persimmon fruits were stored in air or in 2 different controlled atmospheres: 10% CO₂+ 90% N₂ (CA1) or 97 % N₂+ air (CA2) for up 50 d at 15 °C. After different periods, the fruit were treated with 95% CO₂ for 24 h at 20 °C in order to remove astringency, and then transferred to 20 °C in air free of CO₂ for 5 d to simulate shelf life. Other fruits were directly transferred to shelf life without being submitted to deastringency treatment. Storage under CA2 allowed storability of persimmon "Rojo Brillante" during 30 d at 15 °C, maintaining commercial firmness. Moreover, CA2 had an effect on removing astringency when fruits were stored for 30 d at 15 °C, or after 20 d following to shelf life. As consequence, deastringency treatment could be avoided when the fruits were previously stored under this controlled atmosphere.     

微波和臭氧处理对果脯的杀菌效果及品质变化分析

该研究探究了微波与臭氧处理对四种果脯优势霉菌芽枝状枝孢霉（Cladosporium velox）、暗黄青霉（Penicillium citreonigrum）、菌核青霉（Penicillium sclerotiorum）、细极链格孢（Alternariate nuissima）的抑菌效果及果脯理化品质的影响。结果表明,微波与臭氧处理均可显著抑制霉菌生长,抑菌率随微波功率,微波时间,臭氧通入时间增加而增大。当微波功率为630 W,微波时间为20 s时,四种霉菌抑菌率最高均达到100%。当通入臭氧10 min时,抑菌效果最佳,芽枝状枝孢霉、暗黄青霉、菌核青霉、细极链格孢的抑菌率分别达到73.17%、80.87%、83.33%、91.02%。微波和臭氧处理均对果脯理化品质具有一定影响,随着随微波功率,微波时间,臭氧通入时间增加,果脯水分含量、水分活度、总糖含量和色差值均呈下降趋势。研究结果为微波和臭氧技术在果脯杀菌中的应用提供了理论支撑和参考依据。     

Control of postharvest<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Rhizopus</Emphasis> rot of peach by microwave treatment and yeast antagonist

The potential of using microwave power alone, or in combination with antagonistic yeast, for control of Rhizopus stolonifer on peach, and its effects on the postharvest quality of peach were investigated. In in vitro tests, the growth of R. stolonifer was completely inhibited by a 2,450 MHz microwave heating for 2 min or more. The population density of R. stolonifer in surface wounds of microwave treatment fruits was significantly lower than that in the control. In vivo studies of inoculation of peach fruit with R. stolonifer followed by microwave treatment, Cryptococcus laurentii or both of them, microwave power and C. laurentii, as stand-alone treatments, were capable of reducing the percentage of decayed fruit from 95% in control, untreated fruit to 42.1% and 75%, respectively. However, in fruit treated with a combination of microwave power and C. laurentii, the percentage of decayed fruits was only 23.7%. The experiments on reducing natural decay development of fruit gave similar results. The microwave treatment, C. laurentii, or both of them did not impair the quality parameters of the fruit. Thus, the combination of microwave and C. laurentii could be an alternative to chemicals for control of postharvest Rhizopus rot on peach fruits.     

A natural clouding agent from orange peels obtained using polygalacturonase and cellulase

Clouding agents (CAs) provide high cloud stability when they are diluted and added to fruit beverages. Natural CA could also give the visual appearance and sensorial aspect of a natural cloudy fruit juice beverage. In addition, natural CAs are preferred over the synthetic ones by consumers. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to obtain a natural CA from orange peel that provided high cloud stability of fruit beverages. The treatment included the use of polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulase (C) to hydrolyze most of the peel components. Orange peels treated with 69 mg/kg of C and 90 μl/kg of PG during 80 min at 48 °C led to a CA that provided a cloudy stable solution on a fruit beverage. This CA presented a cloud stability of 94.7 days that represented a turbidity reduction of 9.1% after 9 days under fridge temperatures. Otherwise, the treatment conditions to get the highest cloud stability were not coincident to those necessary to preserve the color or to obtain the greatest extraction yield of the CA.     

PEELING AND THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF KIWI FRUIT

Hand peeling of kiwi fruit has some disadvantages such as difficulty during peeling, increase of loss in weight and nutritional value. Peeling of kiwi fruits with alkali (NaOH) was investigated. Some chemical (acidity, pectin, and chlorophyll) and physical properties (Hunter color value and weight loss) of the fruits were determined after selected alkali peeling methods were used. Peeling methods at 80, 90 or 100C temperatures; in 13, 18 or 23% of NaOH solutions and for 3, 4 or 5 min durations were tested and compared with hand peeling. Weight (fruit tissue) loss in hand peeling was higher than alkali peeling. Peeling with alkali was easier. Nutritional value (ascorbic acid content) of alkali peeled fruits was higher than hand peeled kiwi fruit. Because of less weight loss, better green color and high pectin content the method including 15% of NaOH solution at 95C for 4 min was selected as most advantageous peeling method.     

预温处理对草莓贮藏保鲜效果的影响

本试验从草莓果实贮藏期间的腐烂率入手,研究了不同贮前预温处理对草莓果实采后贮藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:预热处理后,无论是冷藏或室温贮藏,均以贮前50℃30min 处理的果实腐烂率最低;预冷处理后,室温贮藏条件下,以5℃30min处理的果实腐烂率最低;预冷处理和预热处理均能明显抑制果实 Vc 含量的下降。     

臭氧处理对黄花梨果实褐变的影响

为研究臭氧处理对梨果实褐变的影响,采用5.0、2.5mg/L 臭氧水和蒸馏水浸泡黄花梨整果和鲜切果,5min后晾干,分别贮于20℃和5℃条件下,对贮藏过程中果实和切片的褐变指数、总酚(TP)含量及与酶促褐变相关的多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性变化进行研究。结果表明：臭氧处理的黄花梨整果与鲜切果各项指标均优于对照组;臭氧处理显著降低贮藏5d 后黄花梨整果果心和整个贮藏期鲜切片的褐变指数,维持梨整果与鲜切果较高的总酚含量,对二者PPO、POD 活性均有一定的抑制作用;可增加梨整果较高的PAL 活性,抑制鲜切梨果PAL 活性。抑制黄花梨整果和鲜切果褐变以2.5mg/L 臭氧水处理为好。