Homogenization of as-cast Ti-45AI-8.5Nb-0.5 （ W, B, Y） alloy

采用水冷铜坩埚感应熔炼制备了Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.5（W,B,Y）（at%）合金铸锭,研究了铸造合金组织特点及均匀化处理温度对显微组织的影响规律。结果表明,铸锭组织呈全层片,有大量β相网,富Al相等成分偏析;调整热处理温度使合金偏析区域处于α单相区,充分保温后缓慢冷却可消除偏析形成全层片组织;经过1420℃×12 h炉冷,β相与富Al相偏析均得以消除,获得平均尺寸约为320μm,层片间距约为0.8μm的均匀全层片组织。     

热处理对定向凝固Ti-45Al-8Nb-（W,B,Y）合金组织的影响

研究两种热处理制度对Bridgeman法制备的典型定向凝固Ti-45Al-8Nb-（W,B,Y）（摩尔分数,%）合金组织的影响。两种典型的定向凝固显微组织分别为胞状生长形貌全片层组织和枝晶状生长形貌块状组织,对其热处理发现：热处理1250℃,24h＋900℃,30min＋AC能有效消除其定向凝固合金中的B2相,并将快速定向凝固时产生的块状组织转变为片层组织,在胞状间及枝晶臂上分别获得了宽度为150-200μm和50-100μm的柱状晶。热处理1400℃,2h＋900℃,30min＋AC能同时消除B2相、块状组织及凝固偏析,但造成了晶粒的严重长大。热处理能有效改进定向凝固合金的显微组织。     

Microstructure,Microsegregation, and Mechanical Properties of Directional Solidified Mg–3.0Nd–1.5Gd Alloy

The microstructure, microsegregation, and mechanical properties of directional solidified Mg–3.0Nd–1.5Gd ternary alloys were experimentally studied. Experimental results showed that the solidification microstructure was composed of dendrite primary a(Mg) phase and interdendritic a(Mg) ? Mg12(Nd, Gd) eutectic and Mg5 Gd phase. The primary dendrite arm spacing k1 and secondary dendrite arm spacing k2 were found to be depended on the cooling rate R in the form k1= 8.0415 9 10-6R-0.279 and k2= 6.8883 9 10-6R-0.205, respectively, under the constant temperature gradient of40 K/mm and in the region of cooling rates from 0.4 to 4 K/s. The concentration profiles of Nd and Gd elements calculated by Scheil model were found to be deviated from the ones measured by EPMA to varying degrees, due to ignorance of the back diffusion of the solutes Nd and Gd within a(Mg) matrix. And microsegregation of Gd depended more on the growth rate, compared with Nd microsegregation. The directionally solidified experimental alloy exhibited higher strength than the non-directionally solidified alloy, and the tensile strength of the directionally solidified experimental alloy was improved,while the corresponding elongation decreased with the increase of growth rate.     

铸造Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.5(W,B,Y)合金组织均匀化处理

采用水冷铜坩埚感应熔炼制备了Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.5(W,B,Y)(at%)合金铸锭,研究了铸造合金组织特点及均匀化处理温度对显微组织的影响规律。结果表明,铸锭组织呈全层片,有大量β相网,富Al相等成分偏析;调整热处理温度使合金偏析区域处于α单相区,充分保温后缓慢冷却可消除偏析形成全层片组织;经过1420℃×12 h炉冷,β相与富Al相偏析均得以消除,获得平均尺寸约为320μm,层片间距约为0.8μm的均匀全层片组织。     

Ti-45Al-8(Nb,Hf,Y)-0.2B合金高温抗氧化性研究

设计了铌当量约为8的三种成分合金：Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2B,Ti-45Al-4Nb-0.5Hf-0.1Y-0.2B,Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.1Hf-0.1Y-0.2B, (at.%),研究了这三种合金在900℃静止空气中的断续氧化行为。研究结果表明：Hf、Y联合微合金化的合金氧化膜与基体粘附性明显增强;低Nb/Hf比值的Ti-45Al-4Nb-0.4Hf-0.1Y-0.2B的合金氧化增重小、抗氧化性强,高Nb/Hf比值的Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.1Hf-0.1Y-0.2B合金氧化增重大,抗氧化性差。对氧化膜的扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明,Hf、Y的联合加入促进了Al2O3膜的须状生长形态,从而提高了氧化膜与基体粘附性,低Nb/Hf比值的合金中形成了较厚的连续致密的Al2O3膜,提高了合金的抗氧化性;高Nb/Hf比值的合金内存在明显的外氧化现象,导致了该合金抗氧化性下降。     

Directional solidification of Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W,B,Y) alloy

Using a Bridgman vertical vacuum furnace,Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W,B,Y) (at.%) bars,which were prepared from a plasma arc melting (PAM) ingot,were directionally solidified at growth rates of 10,15,and 20 μm/s.Polysynthetic twinned (PST) crystal with an aligned lamellar microstructure was obtained at the growth rate of 15 μm/s because of high Nb addition.The principle of PST crystal growth and the effect of Nb element were discussed.The results of investigations on microstructure and micromechanical properties of the d...     

Microstructure evolution of directionally solidified Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W, B, Y) alloys

Intermetallic Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W, B, Y) alloys were directionally solidified at constant growth rates (V) ranging from 10 to 400 μm/s under the temperature gradient G = 3.8 × 10³ K/m. Quenching was performed at the end of directional solidification (DS) experiments. Microstructure evolution was investigated by analyzing the microstructures formed at the quenching interfaces and in the DS regions. The primary dendritic arm spacing (λ) decreases with increasing growth rate according to the relationship λ ∝ V^−0.36. Both the width of columnar grain (λw) and the interlamellar spacing (λ_s) decrease with increasing growth rate according to the relationships λw∝V−1.13 and λ_s ∝ V^−0.32, respectively. Lamellar microstructure initially disappears from the dendrites at the growth rate of 100 μm/s and subsequently from the interdendritic regions when the growth rate is up to 200 μm/s. The B2 particles can precipitate in the interdendritic regions.     

定向凝固NiAl-9Mo共晶合金的凝固组织特性

采用液态金属冷却法在恒定温度梯度GL=334 K/cm,大生长速率范围内（2~300μm/s）对Ni-45.5Al-9Mo （摩尔分数,%）共晶合金进行定向凝固制备。研究生长速率（v）对纤维间距（λ）、纤维直径（d）和纤维体积分数的影响。在实验中发现平界面和胞界面两类共晶生长界面。在平界面和胞界面组织中,生长速率（v）与纤维间距（λ）和纤维直径（d）的关系经回归分析分别为：λv1/2=5.90μm·μm1/2·s1/2和 dv1/2=2.18μm·μm1/2·s1/2。Mo纤维的体积分数可在一定的范围内随生长速率进行调整,这是由生长过程中界面前沿过冷度的增加及共晶组织中各组成相的生长特性引起的。     

定向凝固Ti-45Al-7Nb合金的组织特征

研究了液态金属冷却定向凝固条件下Ti-45Al-7Nb(at%)合金的组织特征。结果表明:定向凝固过程中合金的凝固路径及稳态区片层取向均受到抽拉速率的影响。当抽拉速率为0.36mm/min时,合金的初生相为α相,与生长方向垂直的片层组织生长占优;抽拉速率介于1～10mm/min时,合金初生相变为β相,凝固过程中会经历β单相区,片层取向多为与生长方向成0°和45°;当抽拉速率增加至20mm/min时,合金初生相仍为β相,随后发生L+β→α包晶反应,与抽拉方向之间的夹角介于45°～75°之间的片层组织生长占优。     

Microstructure characteristics of Ni-43Ti-4Al-2Nb-2Hf alloy prepared by conventional casting and directional solidification

To further investigate the microstructure characteristic and solidification mechanism,so as to provide knowledge for the microstructure control of a NiTi-Al based high-temperature structural material,t...     

Multi-step heat treatment design for nano-scale lamellar structures of a cast Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W,B, Y) alloy

A multi-step heat treatment is proposed to optimize the lamellar structure of as-cast high Nb containing TiAl alloys. The β-segregation is removed effectively after the first two step heat treatment, a short-time holding within β single phase field then annealing in α+β phase field. During the third step heat treatment, a subsequent low-temperature aging, new γ lamellae precipitate by the means of isolated nucleation or twin-related nucleation. After the proposed multi-step heat treatment, the alloy presents nano-scaled lamellar structure with the colony size about 140 μm.     

Ti-Al包晶合金定向凝固及组织选择

考察了包晶合金分别在定向凝固初始过渡及稳态生长阶段的凝固特性;分析了凝固过程中液-固界面前沿两相形核过冷与成分过冷的条件及温度梯度(G)和生长速度(v)对两相竞争生长的影响和带状结构形成与共生生长的条件,确定了出现带状结构所必需的成分和G/v条件.计算了TiAl合金在初始过渡阶段初生相及包晶相的竞争生长和向稳态发展的过渡机制,并应用界面响应函数建立了不同成分TiAl合金在稳态生长过程中相与组织随生长速度演化的竞争选择模型及相应的凝固组织图,预测了TiAl合金在不同凝固条件下可能形成的相与组织形态.在所选的合金成分范围内定向实验所得的凝固组织与计算预测的组织选择图有较好的一致性.     

热机械处理对Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y合金的显微组织与力学性能的影响

包套锻造Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y合金由大量细小的动态再结晶等轴γ晶粒(晶粒尺寸可达1-2 μm),弯曲或破碎的层片和少量的残余平直层片组成,变形组织含有人量位错及少量变形孪晶.锻态试样抗拉强度(σb),延伸率(δ)分别达到708.1 MPa和0.95%.再通过不同的热处理分别得到晶粒细小的双态组织、近层片组织和全层片组织.经1320 ℃/30 min炉冷后得到双态组织,层片晶粒尺寸(d1)约为20 μm,层片体积分数(ψ1)约为60%,具有最高的δ,约为1-9%,σb约为658.9 MPa,为穿晶和沿晶混合断裂;经1340℃/30 min炉冷后得到近层片组织,dI约为60 gm,ψ1约为95%,O'b约为690.2 MPa,δ约为1.75%,上要为穿晶(层片)断裂;经1370℃/15 min炉冷后得到细小全层片组织(d1约为40 μm),具有最高的σb,约为715.1 MPa,5约为1.51%,为穿晶断裂.