基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的板材多点成形中回弹的数值模拟

利用有限元软件LS-DYNA对板材冲压成形的回弹进行数值模拟,采用动态显式算法模拟板材成形过程,隐式算法模拟卸载回弹过程;对于不同曲率半径、不同屈服强度的圆柱面成形件进行数值模拟,分析得出回弹趋势和回弹分布,这些结果对于减小因回弹带来的误差、提高成形件的成形精度具有十分重要的现实意义。     

基于回弹补偿的模具设计的研究

介绍了采用通用机械CAD/CAM软件UG和板材成形数值模拟软件PAMSTAMP所开发的用于回弹补偿的模具设计CAD/CAE/CAM系统。该系统是针对于板材成形中的回弹补偿问题,提出了一个根据工件的几何误差来进行模具补偿的方法,并应用UG中的二次开发语言UG/OpenGrip将经几次迭代修正后模具的最终CAE模型转化成模具的CAD模型,再以此进行模具的CAM设计。     

圆柱面多点成形中弹性垫对压痕抑制的数值模拟

压痕是板材多点成形中特有的成形缺陷,是多点成形必须解决的问题。通过ANSYS软件对板材进行圆柱面的多点成形仿真分析,并针对分析的结果提出了抑制压痕的方法,进一步数值模拟说明了一定厚度的弹性垫技术消除压痕缺陷的有效性。     

基于abaqus的板材多点成形起皱缺陷的数值模拟

本文介绍了多点柔性成形的概念,针对板材冲压成形过程中的起皱缺陷,用abaqus有限元软件进行分析,对于板厚、弹性垫厚度及压边力大小三个因素对起皱缺陷进行讨论,数值模拟结果与理论分析结果相符,为板材加工成型方式提供新方向。     

板材成形回弹数值分析的静力隐式方法

给出了板材成形加载过程，卸载过程数值模拟的静力隐式有限元方法，通过平衡迭代求解有限元方程，并采用隐式算法进行应力积分及接触压力计算，这种方法应力计算准确，因而回弹计算结果具有较高的精度，数值计算表明，纯弹性板大变形卸载后能够完全恢复到原始形状，说明该方法对几何非线性问题的分析是非常准确的，最后对板材柱面、球面成形的回弹进行了分析。     

多点成形中抑制压痕的数值模拟

通过ANSYS软件对板材进行球形面的多点成形仿真分析,并针对分析的结果提出了抑制压痕的方法.进一步数值模拟说明了一定厚度的弹性垫技术消除压痕缺陷的有效性.     

基于混合算法的冲压回弹模拟研究

文中对数值模拟算法进行分析,得出对于板料冲压成形问题使用动态显式算法进行模拟比较合适,而对于成形后回弹问题使用静态隐式算法进行模拟更适用,即利用混合算法对冲压回弹问题进行模拟;讨论了有限元模拟中的单元选择、网格技术和凸模虚拟速度的关键技术。利用混合算法在ABAQUS软件中对多角弯曲件冲压成形及回弹进行模拟,对实际模具设计具有很好的指导和参考价值。     

TA2M钛合金板材U形件弯曲回弹研究

应用PAM—STAMP冲压模拟软件,对TA2M钛合金板材U形弯曲成形及回弹过程进行了数值模拟预测,并对模拟结果进行了工艺试验验证,得到了板料厚度、轧制方向以及相对弯曲半径等参数对回弹影响的数值结果,并对结果进行了分析。     

板料成形回弹的计算机仿真与影响因素

回弹是卸载过程产生的反向弹性变形，是板料成形过程中存在的一种普遍现象。本文探讨了回弹产生的力学机理，并运用显式隐式顺序求解法模拟回弹，比较了材料性能、板料厚度及摩擦系数等因素对回弹的影响。回弹的数值模拟、影响因素的比较，以及在模具设计过程中考虑回弹的关键因素，修正模具尺寸，补偿回弹误差，对于制定合理的冲压工艺方案，具有重要的实际意义。     

基于快速回弹补偿的橡皮囊液压成形模面设计方法

橡皮囊液压成形工艺(简称"橡皮成形")是航空钣金成形的主要方法之一,而回弹是影响其产品制造精度的主要缺陷.回弹补偿技术可有效地消除钣金件回弹误差,但其依赖的数值模拟耗时极长,目前不易于大范围推广.提出一种考虑回弹误差修正的模面设计方法,即在完成模具设计后,直接进行模面的调整,无须单独对零件进行数值模拟.针对橡皮成形零件的特点,提出基于特征的模面快速设计方法.研究曲弯边特征的回弹规律,并建立针对曲弯边的回弹分布函数,以实现回弹角快速预测.基于位移调整法,将回弹角转化为模面网格的调整量,可完成模面的补偿.将该方法应用于某飞机零件的模面设计中,通过数值模拟对补偿后的模具成形效果进行验证,结果表明该方法能明显地减少回弹误差.     

考虑接触演变的板材回弹过程建模与优化

回弹是由工件在卸载后的弹性变形引起的。板料成形过程中为了控制成形件的最终形状,必须进行回弹设计优化。准确预测回弹对于板料成形过程的模具设计非常重要。降低回弹模拟结果与试验结果的偏差是设计过程中的难题。基于NUMISHEET’02的自由弯曲标准考题考虑板材与模具间的接触演变过程,建立了一个有限元模型来预测回弹。采用一个常规的优化方法对有限元分析中的材料和单元模型进行了分析,研究发现不同模型对回弹结果有较大影响。模拟结果与参考文献中的试验结果比较表明了模型的正确性和可行性。     

超薄镀锌板辊弯成形回弹工艺分析

对于超薄镀锌板,厚度薄回弹量大难以控制是运用辊弯成形方法中的难点之一。基于ABAQUS有限元软件建立了超薄板辊弯成形仿真模型,以单波模型为例,运用正交试验方法分析了压型板的回弹,详细分析了相对弯曲半径变化对回弹的影响。研究表明,材料厚度增加、弯角半径减小时,回弹角度会减小;在一定范围内较少道次数也能减小回弹角度;板材回弹角度与r／t值成线性关系。     

Numerical simulation of multi-point stretch forming and controlling on accuracy of formed workpiece

A finite element model was built for the sheet metal multi-point stretch forming (MPSF), and the model was applied to the MPSF of a typical part. The numerical simulation of the MPSF for a saddle and cylindrical surface workpiece was performed. The effects of non-uniform deformation of elastic cushion and spring back after unloading on the precision of formed workpiece were investigated. The simulation results show that using elastic cushion can effectively suppress generation of dimples, but have an effect on precision of formed workpiece. In addition, the amount of spring back after unloading is small, and the effect of the non-uniform deformation of the elastic cushion on the precision of the MPSF workpiece is larger than that of the spring back. A method based on the iterative corrections according to the numerical simulation results was proposed to compensate the non-uniform deformation of elastic cushion and the spring back to enhance the accuracy of MPSF.     

Estimation of springback in double-curvature forming of plates: Experimental evaluation and process modeling

This paper presents the results obtained from a series of experiments on double-curvature forming of 300 mm square and 15 mm thick plates of type 316L(N) stainless steel to evaluate the inherent springback and also to validate finite element method (FEM) based process model developed for forming of multiple-curvature sectors of large size vessels. The experimental results show that twisting of the plate occurs during pressing, which is unavoidable in an actual forming setup on the shop floor. Twisting increases with increase in slope of the die cavity. Springback in the plate changes in an ascending order towards the centerline of the plate from the edges. The final radius of curvature (ROC) on the pressed plate after springback does not remain constant along a particular axis although the die and the punch had constant ROC along that axis because of varying constraint to opening up of the plate from centerlines to the edges. Springback also increases with reduction in the stiffness of the die and punch. The simulated plate profiles obtained from the FEM process model for multiple-curvature plate forming compared well with the experiments, the maximum error being within 6%. The process model used a sequential dynamic explicit formulation for the plate pressing phase and a static implicit formulation for the unloading (springback) phase in the Lagrangian framework. Reduced integration shell elements were used for the plate and the die and the punch were considered rigid. Dynamic explicit FEM for pressing and static implicit FEM for the unloading phase are adequate and economic for modeling of plate forming process by using FEM. The necessary material and frictional property data needed for the FEM process model were generated in-house. This model can be applied to design of dies and punches for forming the petals of large pressure vessels. The FEM process model predicts the final shape of the product and the residual cold work level for a given die, punch and plate configuration and this information can be used to correct the die and punch shapes for springback to manufacture the petals to the desired accuracy.     

Tooling design in sheet metal forming using springback calculations

A method to design tooling in sheet metal forming using springback calculations is presented. The designed tooling produces a part which matches the desired shape, thereby compensating for springback. To design the appropriate tooling, traction distributions on the sheet in the fully loaded deformed state are computed using the finite element method. The calculated tractions are then used to numerically reproduce springback of the desired part shape by elastic unloading of the part in a reverse manner. The method is examined for materials covering a range of steel strength and hardening, and is found to produce parts with negligible shape error. The success of the tooling design algorithm leads to a proposal for an experimental method to design tooling based on traction distribution measurements.     

Inclusion of elastic deformation in rigid-plastic finite element analysis

A rigid-plastic finite element method combined with the effect of elastic deformation is proposed. In the present method, elastically and elastic-plastically deforming elements are mixed with rigid-plastically deforming elements in the deforming material. In this formulation based on an implicit scheme, the nodal forces for the rigid-plastic elements are equilibrated with those for the elastic and elastic-plastic elements at the end of each deformation step. The nodal forces for the elastic and elastic-plastic elements are derived by considering the effect of rigid-body rotation during deformation increment. The elastic-plastic element is transformed into the rigid-plastic one during the loading when the elastic strain increment is small. The reverse transformation is carried out in the unloading. This leads to a comparatively small computing time and the improvement of the calculated results. Plane-strain bending of a plate with a round punch is simulated by the present method under a mixed condition of elastic, elastic-plastic and rigid-plastic elements in the plate. Deformation behaviour in early stages of bending is successfully calculated. The calculated amounts of springback are in reasonable agreement with the experimental ones for aluminium plates because the stress distribution in the elastic regions without achieving yielding around the edges of the plate is taken into consideration.     

基于试验设计和灰色关联度的橡皮囊成形回弹影响因素显著性分析

橡皮囊成形是飞机钣金零件的一种重要成形工艺方法,回弹问题是橡皮囊成形的难点,对其影响因素进行显著性分析可有效控制回弹。基于橡皮囊成形有限元数值模拟,将正交试验设计方法与灰色关联度相结合用于分析橡皮囊成形回弹影响因素的显著性,以某实际长直U形件为例分析压力、最大充液速率、最大节点速度、保压时间、弯曲半径、板料厚度以及轧制方向等因素对回弹的影响程度,结果表明,模具圆角半径、压力、板料厚度、保压时间是橡皮囊成形回弹的主要影响因素,而最大充液速度、最大节点速度、轧制方向对回弹的影响较小。分析结果与工艺试验结果相吻合,从而验证了该方法的有效性。     

The press-brake bending of rigid/linear work-hardening plates

The analogy between the deformation of the rigid/linear work-hardening beam beyond yield and the linear elastic beam is successfully applied to analyse press-brake plate and sheet bending. Some of the results obtained cannot be obtained by using more elementary theories. Compared with an analysis by the finite element method[4], the solution in this paper not only needs much lesss computing storage and time, but also provides a clearer insight into the physical mechanisms which operate. The springback effect is considered.