Three-phase grid voltage synchronization using sinusoidal amplitude integrator in synchronous reference frame

Synchronization with the grid voltage is critical in the control of grid-connected power converters. Under unbalanced grid condition, the conventional synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) does not work well due to the effect of the fundamental negative sequence component. This paper proposes a new synchronization method, the sinusoidal amplitude integrator based phase locked loop (SAI-based PLL), to efficiently eradicate the effect of the fundamental negative sequence component. As a result, it can accurately and quickly estimate the amplitude and phase angle of the fundamental components of grid voltages in unbalanced grid conditions. In addition, when dc offset and harmonics are contained in the grid voltage, a multi-SAI-based PLL method is developed to extract the synchronization signal. The proposed SAI-based PLL incorporates the sinusoidal amplitude integrator into the conventional SRF-PLL. Its operation is analyzed using the complex-vector notation. Simulation and experimental results on the performance of the proposed SAI-based PLL and comparison with other synchronization methods are presented.     

基于改进DSOGI-FLL的并网变流器多谐振解耦网络同步方法

电网电压基频正序分量相位和幅值的准确检测是三相并网变流器稳定运行的重要保证。针对传统单同步旋转坐标系锁相环在畸变或不平衡电网下锁相精度低的问题,文中利用双二阶广义积分器锁频环(DSOGI-FLL)设计了一种多谐振解耦网络的电网同步方法。首先,分析了二阶广义积分器锁频环自适应提取电网电压基波和频率的原理;其次,详细分析了不平衡电网下DSOGIFLL的锁频响应特性,提出将负序电压分量考虑在内的增益标准化线性模型,以提升其在不平衡电网下的锁频性能;然后,设计了以DSOGI-FLL为基础的多二阶广义积分器谐振解耦网络,实现畸变及不平衡电网下基波电压信息的准确获取。仿真与实验表明,该方法在电网电压畸变或不平衡情况下均能准确获取电网电压基频正序分量的相位和幅值信息。     

应用自适应陷波滤波器进行电力系统谐波检测的改进算法

非线性电力电子设备的广泛应用给电网带来了严重的谐波污染,如何抑制谐波危害已成为电力电子领域急待解决的问题。实时准确的检测谐波是抑制和补偿谐波的关键。首先分析了电网电压含有直流分量与电网电压幅值变化对基于自适应陷波滤波器的谐波提取方法的影响,并对原方法进行了改进;再将改进后的方法应用到谐波提取中,在电网电压同时含有直流分量且幅值改变时,实现了对直流分量、基波频率、各次谐波瞬时值与幅值的准确提取。在Matlab/Simulink环境下的仿真结果验证了所提出方法具有较高的精度与响应速度。     

一种双正弦幅值积分器解耦锁相环的设计

针对在电网三相电压不平衡时传统锁相环不能准确检测基波正序相位的问题,设计了一种双正弦幅值积分器解耦锁相环(decoupled double sinusoidal amplitude integrator phase-locked loop, DDSAI-PLL)。该锁相环利用正弦幅值积分器的频率选择特性,在αβ坐标系下采用正负序解耦结构实现了正序分量的完全提取。同时引入一阶负反馈系统作为频率自适应环节,使锁相环在电网频率发生偏移时仍然可以对基波正序频率进行准确估计。建立了DDSAI-PLL的数学模型,并对其关键参数进行了设计。最后使用DSP实现该锁相环,并在电压畸变条件下与传统的同步参考坐标系锁相环(SRF-PLL)进行了对比实验,结果证明了所提锁相方法的有效性。     

Digital Application of Second Order Generalized Integrator Based Grid Estimator Under Unbalanced and Distorted Voltage Conditions

Abstract

Frequency, amplitude, and phase information of the grid voltage are the main constraints for constructing a robust controller algorithm for grid connected applications under unbalanced and distorted voltage conditions. This paper narrates a simple, robust, straight forward method to estimate the instantaneous positive and negative sequence voltage components under unbalanced and distorted voltage circumstances. A second order generalized integrator (SOGI) is encapsulated to filter out the distorted voltage as well as to generate orthogonal voltage components for the three phases of AC grid. Furthermore, these filtered and orthogonal components are accounted for the calculation of instantaneous symmetrical components. Developed technique is more frequency adaptive compared to conventional phase locked loop (PLL) techniques. A set of test outcome results are provided in this paper based on MATLAB/Simulink simulations with real grid data captured from an industrial plant. Moreover, SOGI based estimator is digitally implemented by using dSPACE ds1103 digital controller to validate the numerical simulation results in accordance with the developed theoretical prediction.     

不对称电网电压下MMC-HVDC系统功率波动抑制策略研究

电网电压不对称时,在基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter based High Voltage Direct Current,MMC-HVDC)系统中,针对MMC交流侧输出产生的有功功率和无功功率二倍频波动问题,提出了将电网电压、电流均变换至正序dq坐标系下进行电流参考值计算的控制策略,可同时抑制MMC交流侧输出的有功功率和无功功率的二倍频波动。此外,电网电压不对称时,在正序dq坐标系下,电压d、q轴分量中除直流分量外,还将含有由负序分量引起的二倍频分量。若在锁相环的设计中不考虑此二倍频分量,则电网电压不对称时系统整体控制性能将会受到影响。据此设计了基于二倍频陷波器的频率自适应锁相环,在电网电压不对称情况下可准确锁定正序电压相位,并计算电网正序电压幅值及负序电压在正序d、q轴上的分量值,用于所提控制方法中的dq变换及功率波动抑制环节中电流参考值的计算。最后通过仿真验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变时基波电压同步信号的检测

提出了一种电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变时基波电压同步信号的检测方法。通过采用一种新颖的谐振式锁相环技术,快速补偿锁相过程中各类电网故障引起的相位跟踪误差,有效地抑制了电网电压中负序及谐波分量引起的频率波动、相位抖动。该方法不仅适用于理想电网条件,更可在各种电压跌落、三相不平衡和谐波畸变等严重瞬态、稳态电网故障下,实现基波电...     

Efficiency enhancement scheme of cascaded multilevel grid-connected inverter and its improvement to eliminate effect of non-ideal grid conditions

In this paper, an online efficiency enhancement scheme of a cascaded multilevel grid-connected inverter for renewable energy generation systems is researched in detail. Taking the special grid current standard as the limitation condition, an efficiency enhancement scheme with adjusting carrier frequency in real time is proposed. Furthermore, the effect of the harmonics and DC offset of the tied grid on the enhanced phase locked loop (EPLL) is analyzed and a hybrid filter based EPLL is proposed to eliminate the former effect. With the improved EPLL, the amplitude, phase angle and frequency of grid are all estimated correctly and the performance of the efficiency enhancement scheme is maintained even under non-ideal grid conditions. Detailed experimental results validate the accuracy and practicability of the improved EPLL and efficiency enhancement scheme.     

电压不平衡时单同步坐标系锁相环的改进算法

为了在电网电压不平衡时能跟踪电网电压基波相位和频率,分析了单同步坐标系的三相软件锁相环(SSRF-SPLL)在电网电压不平衡时不能准确快速锁定基波电压相位的原因,即电网电压不平衡时,dq变换得到的eq中含有二次谐波分量,在使用PI控制时,此二次谐波分量将导致PI难以实现无误差跟踪,影响锁相输出角度。在提高稳态性能并考虑动态性能的基础上,提出了在PI调节器之前增加2次陷波器和特定截止频率的低通滤波器的改善方案。最后通过搭建仿真和实验平台验证了方案的可行性和有效性。     

基于改进型自适应滤波器的正负序分解方法

针对分布式发电系统微电网并网的控制需求,文中介绍了一种三相电网电压信号正负序分量的提取方法,作为电网信号处理和同步的工具。基于多结构ANF的方法能够估计出电网信号的频率、振幅、基波及其正交分量等有用信息,利用基波及其正交分量信息能检测出电网中的正负序分量,但当电网信号的幅度或频率变化时,传统多结构ANF方法性能将降低。文中通过优化ANF的动态方程,提出一种改进的ANF结构,使其具有频率和幅值自适应性,并将改进后的多结构ANF用于电网信号正负序分量的提取。MATLAB仿真结果表明,该方案对电网信号中存在的电力系统干扰具有很高的抗干扰度,当三相电网信号不平衡时,其频率和幅度估计性能优于传统的多结构ANF正负序提取方法。     

基于频率自适应改进型梳状滤波器的并网锁相环技术

将梳状滤波器应用于并网锁相环技术中。针对梳状滤波器锁相环(CF-PLL)动态响应慢的缺点,引入校正环节,得到改进型梳状滤波器锁相环(ICF-PLL)。基于ICF-PLL的s域模型,提出了ICF-PLL调节器参数的整定方法。为提高ICF-PLL对电网频率变化的抗扰动能力,提出一种基于频率自适应改进型梳状滤波器的锁相环(FAICF-PLL)和其数字实现方案。仿真和实验结果表明,FAICF-PLL在电网电压发生频率脉动、相角变化、畸变谐波和不平衡跌落时均能准确地跟踪电网电压相位,具有良好的稳态和动态性能。     

电网严重畸变情况下的锁相策略研究

针对传统三相软件锁相环PLL(phase-locked loop)在电网电压同时含有较低次谐波分量和负序分量等严重畸变情况下不能完成精准锁相的问题,提出基于滑动离散傅里叶变换DFT(discrete Fourier transform)滤波原理的新型三相软件PLL.滑动DFT算法可以准确地从含有各次谐波的电网电压中提取...     

电网不对称故障时全功率变流器风电机组控制策略

电网导则要求并网风电机组在电网电压在一定范围内瞬间跌落时不脱网运行.为满足这一要求,研究了全功率变流器风电机组在电网故障时的运行特性.建立了不对称电网故障下网侧变流器的数学模型,分析了正、负序双电流控制策略存在问题的原因,提出了一种直流侧采样电压带变频陷波函数的双电流控制策略,并针对电网频率波动的情况加入锁相环对陷波器...     

具有自适应无功和谐波补偿功能的并网逆变器设计

针对电网的污染问题设计了太阳能光伏并网逆变器,实现向电网传递有功功率的同时对电网电流中的无功和谐波分量进行补偿,改善电网质量,使电网电流正弦化。基于自适应陷波滤波器ANF原理,介绍了一种适用于单相电路负载的无功和谐波电流提取的新方法。该方法能较为准确快速地检测出所需信号的幅值、相位和频率等信息,并且在负载变化时保持较快的响应速度。最后,在Matlab/Simulink环境下对该理论进行仿真,验证了该方法的可行性。     

适用于微网并网控制技术的改进型EPLL算法研究

快速准确的锁相环技术是保证并网系统安全、可靠并网的关键。针对传统EPLL的固有缺陷,设计了一种改进型EPLL算法,适用于以分布式电源为主的微网并网控制技术。首先,推导出输出电压频率和输入电压幅值之间的耦合关系,使用数学公式进行近似解耦。其次,搭建误差信号的成本函数,利用梯度下降法设计直流偏移量的估算环路,通过闭环负反馈回路消去输入信号中的直流偏置。然后,在锁相算法的所有估算环路中引入滑动平均值滤波器（moving average filter,MAF）,以增强控制系统的高频谐波抗干扰能力。最后,在Matlab/Simulink软件中搭建了单相锁相环算法的仿真模型,进行对比分析。仿真结果验证了所提算法的正确性和可行性。     

实现相位和频率检测解耦的快速锁相环

同步旋转坐标锁相环(SRF-PLL)及其改进型锁相环的相位与频率紧密耦合,电压相位发生突变而频率不变的情况下,检测得到的频率会经历一个暂态过程,导致频率检测的不准确。为此,在准一阶锁相环(QT1-PLL)结构基础上,增设解耦单元,提出改进型准一阶锁相环(MT1-PLL),实现相位与频率检测的解耦。为提高MT1-PLL对不对称、谐波等的抗干扰能力,将级联延迟信号消除法(CDSC)滤波与数学运算滤波结合成前置滤波模块,提取基波正序电压。该前置滤波模块能够滤除2次谐波,且整个滤波过程耗时仅为0.635个周期。同时,考虑了电网频率偏移、信号采样频率的影响,采用误差前馈的方法补偿它们在滤波模块造成的相位误差。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中设置各种工况,仿真验证了MT1-PLL、滤波模块以及相位误差消除方法的有效性。     

Adaptive notch filters are local adaptive observers

Several continuous‐time frequency estimators for a measured sinusoidal signal, which have been proposed in the literature, are reviewed, reinterpreted and compared both theoretically and by simulations. It is argued that adaptive notch filters are feedback algorithms that contain a local adaptive observer in the feedback loop. It is shown that the adaptive notch filter (ANF), which was originally conceived as a discrete‐time ANF, is basically equivalent to the recently proposed adapted frequency locked loop called orthogonal signal generator. They both require a sufficiently slow frequency estimation and can be interpreted as third‐order adaptive observers. They exhibit local convergence properties for the estimation errors, that is, the convergence to zero is guaranteed provided that their initial error is sufficiently small. Three adaptive observers, which were independently proposed in 2002, are third‐order frequency estimators whose estimation errors are exponentially convergent to zero from any initial condition and for any value of frequency, amplitude and phase in the measured sinusoidal signal. They have the additional advantage of not requiring the frequency estimation dynamics to be sufficiently slow. Conversely, they may be interpreted as adaptive notch filters. Second‐order frequency estimators have been proposed as well: they may be interpreted as adaptive reduced‐order observers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于软件锁相环的电网电压实时检测的研究

针对软件锁相环的特点及应用,提出一种能实时准确获得电网电压的相位和频率信息的软件锁相环(SPLL)的设计方法,该方法从三相电压空间矢量上分离出基波正序负序及谐波分量,采用闭环SPLL控制模型实时跟踪电网正序电压相角,适用在三相电力系统电压平衡、不平衡或电压畸变情况下的电压实时检测。本文引入空间矢量分离与同步坐标变换结合的方法,通过频域线性化建模来设计SPLL控制器结构与参数。最后给出了在Matlab环境下仿真三相电压对称、不对称及畸变且不对称的三种情况下的SPLL跟踪特性曲线,结果表明该模型能有效获取电网电压实时信息。     

基于自适应陷波器单相电路无功功率测量新方法

传统的根据无功功率的定义来计算无功功率的方法难以满足动态无功补偿控制系统中快速响应的要求。提出了基于自适应陷波器的单相电路的无功功率检测新方法。该方法采用自适应陷波器提取出单相电压、电流及它们的90°相位变换值,然后通过单相瞬时无功功率理论计算无功功率。仿真结果表明,在幅值稳定的情况下,该方法能够以较小的误差检测出无功功率;在幅值突变和线性变化的情况下,能够根据电压变化快速追踪无功功率的变化。     

基于一种新型正弦幅值积分器的谐波检测方法

针对基于瞬时无功理论的ip-iq谐波检测法结构复杂、响应速度慢等问题,提出了一种采用改进正弦幅值积分器结构的谐波电流检测方法。首先,利用二阶广义积分器的输出滤波特性及正弦幅值积分器的极性选择特性,使其相结合构造出了一种滤波性能更强,同时具有频率及极性选择作用的新型积分器。然后,利用该积分器快速准确地提取基波正序分量,并有效应用于谐波检测环节中。当电网电压存在直流偏置问题时,该积分器所构造的锁相环也能准确锁定电网频率及相位信息。最后,理论分析及仿真实验结果表明：该方法无需进行瞬时对称分量分离,就可提取出电网电压及负载电流基波的正负序分量,计算量小,谐波检测更精确。