双馈异步发电机定转子绕组过热故障监测方法

双馈异步发电机(DFIG)在长期运行中很容易发生定转子绕组过热故障。以绕组温度为研究对象,在分析绕组过热故障成因的基础上,分别从电机热性能和参数辨识两方面进行检测。使用参数辨识法时,首先利用电机电磁数学模型辨识定转子绕组电阻,再根据电阻与温度之间的关系计算定转子温度,从而判断绕组是否过热。最后基于MATLAB软件仿真验证了定转子绕组参数辨识法的正确性,为DFIG诊断绕组过热故障提供理论支撑。     

基于转子瞬时功率谱的双馈风力发电机定子绕组故障诊断

提出一种基于转子瞬时功率谱分析的双馈风力发电机定子绕组故障的在线监测与诊断新方法。理论分析表明,与常见的电流或电压谱诊断方法相比,转子瞬时功率谱法既具有无需外加传感器与硬件设备的优点,又由于其特征频率不受转差的影响,当转差存在一定的跟踪或计算误差时,特征频率不会改变,具有很强的抗干扰能力。在PSCAD软件中建立了双馈风力发电机并网模型,对正常及故障状态进行仿真分析,得出转子瞬时功率谱法在双馈风力发电机定子绕组故障诊断中更具敏感性的结论。在动模实验室建立了定子绕组故障诊断的实验平台,进一步证明了转子瞬时功率谱法在双馈风力发电机定子绕组故障诊断中的可行性。     

笼型异步电动机转子断条与定子绕组匝间短路双重故障研究

基于多回路理论,针对笼型异步电动机转子断条与定子绕组匝间短路双重故障进行研究.结果表明,笼型异步电动机在发生转子断条与定子绕组匝间短路时,其故障特征往往是相互交织、相互影响的,仅仅应用单一故障检测方法检测笼型异步电动机定转子故障,可能导致故障误判.通过对仿真与实验结果的详尽分析,系统地概括出笼型异步电动机转子断条与定子绕组匝间短路双重故障特征,明确揭示了二者间的相互关系,为实现转子断条与定子绕组匝间短路双重故障的联合检测提供了重要理论依据.     

感应电动机转子绕组故障对电机起动性能影响分析

基于多回路理论,建立感应电动机暂态分析的数学模型;分析了感应电动机转子绕组故障对电机起动性能的影响.研究表明,电机转子绕组故障使电机起动转矩下降,谐波转矩大大增加;起动转速上升变缓,起动时间增加,起动困难;定转子起动电流发生畸变,衰减速度下降;定子电流的某一频率分量在电机起动过程中两次出现峰值点.动态分析的某些结论可以用于进行电机转子绕组故障诊断.     

隐极同步发电机转子匝间短路时转子不平衡磁拉力特征分析

考虑到转子匝间短路会在定子回路产生与极对数和定子绕组形式有关的偶数次和分数次不平衡电流分量,首先基于不平衡电流谐波分量产生的各次谐波磁动势,推导了转子在定子直角坐标系中不平衡磁拉力(UMP)的表达式,并根据故障时定、转子磁动势的特点,得到了故障后UMP的频率分量表达形式,形成了一套完整的故障时UMP特征分析方法。用该方法对不同极对数的隐极发电机样机转子匝间短路故障进行了分析,并通过基于ANSOFT软件的场路耦合计算得到了故障中转子电磁力的数值结果。仿真结果符合理论分析的UMP特征,验证了所提出的转子受力分析方法的正确性。理论分析与仿真结果均表明,不同极对数和定子绕组形式的发电机故障时转子UMP的谐波特征不同,为机电信息融合的转子匝间短路故障监测奠定了基础。     

基于双PQ变换的感应电机转子故障诊断

提出了基于双PQ变换的感应电机转子故障诊断新方法。该方法以三相基波正序电压及其希尔伯特变换构造PQ变换矩阵,用其对定子三相电流进行变换,得到电机有功功率P及无功功率Q。由于正常电机P、Q均恒定,在PQ坐标系下对应1个点;故障电机则由于P、Q中附加频率为2sfs(s为转差率,fs为电网频率)的波动分量而对应于1个椭圆。通过比较电机正常及转子断条故障运行时的P、Q在PQ坐标系下对应的模式,可以实现转子断条故障的可靠检测。选择转子断条电机在PQ坐标系下对应椭圆的长轴为故障特征,椭圆中心与空载运行点之间的距离为归一化基准值,得到了1个近似独立于电机惯量及负载等级的故障严重因子。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于感应磁场方法的异步电机鼠笼转子故障检测

阐述了基于感应磁场的鼠笼转子故障检测方法,并应用时延嵌入重构相空间方法将测试线圈感应电势波形变换到相空间平面中,计算出特征值。通过设定特征值的阀值检测出性能有故障的转子。采用该方法较以往的电机电流监测方法或电机转矩测试法更有利于提高生产效率,减少检测成本。     

异步电机运行过程中转子故障诊断综述

转子故障是异步电机的主要故障之一.目前,对其进行检测的方法普遍是基于定子电流的方法.本文以定子电流作为分析信号,对电机不同运行状态(包括起动、稳态及失电)的转子故障检测方法进行总结,目的是为从事电机故障诊断的研究人员提供一定参考.     

异步电动机转子绕组故障后转矩转速的分析与计算

采用多回路法对异步电动机定子电流、转矩、转速进行分析与计算,着重对转子绕组故障引起的电动机转矩、转速的波动分量进行研究.分析了转子绕组故障与这种波动分量的频率、幅值的关系,转动惯量对这种波动分量的影响,并将转矩、转速的这种波动分量应用于电动机转子绕组故障诊断.     

双馈风力发电机转子匝间短路故障分析

双馈式风力发电机转子绕组发生轻微匝间短路后,该极磁动势将发生变化,气隙磁密分布不再对称,不对称的磁密分布将在定子绕组内感应附加谐波电动势,形成附加的谐波电流.因此,可以通过分析定子绕组的并联支路环流来检测转子绕组匝间短路故障.采用多回路理论,针对一台4极电机进行建模,仿真计算了不同匝数短路故障时的定子一相并联支路的环流,所得结果与理论分析相符,从而验证了所建立模型的正确性.     

基于FFT-LSTM的变速抽蓄机组转子绕组短路故障和偏心故障诊断方法

变速抽水蓄能机组是适应系统功率波动的重要调节手段。转子绕组短路故障和转子偏心故障是其常见的故障类型,两种故障均会在定子侧感应生成特征频带相近的谐波环流,导致两种故障难以被区分。提出了一种基于快速傅里叶变换-长短期记忆(fast Fourier transform-long short-term memory, FFT-LSTM)网络的故障诊断方法,以细化分辨故障特征相近的转子绕组短路故障和转子偏心故障。所提方法以定子分支环流的谐波分量为特征量进行故障诊断,分别推导了两种故障发生时定子侧环流谐波特征,并总结二者间的相似性和差异性。鉴于该差异较为微弱,引入长短期记忆(longshort-termmemory, LSTM)神经网络算法对其进行辨识。利用内部故障仿真模型对可能发生的转子绕组短路故障和偏心故障进行批量仿真,以得到用于LSTM网络训练和测试的数据集。仿真结果表明FFT-LSTM能够准确诊断不同转速下变速抽蓄机组的转子绕组短路故障和转子偏心故障。     

An induction machine model including interbar currents for studying performances during transients and steady state

This paper presents a mathematical model of a three-phase induction motor taking into consideration the interbar contacts. Several models have been available in the references. However, they consider the rotor of the induction motor as being constituted either a three-phase or a squirrel cage even if it operates under stator and/or rotor faults condition. Nonetheless, the contact between a bar and the iron core for the machine has to be considered, especially when a rotor fault occurs. It is obvious that rotor currents are under the influence of rotor constitution materials. So, the paper aim’s concerns a transient model of the induction motors which can consider the rotor broken bars defect. Despite its increasing complexity, it could be able to provide with useful indications for diagnostic purposes. This model is advocated for the simulation of motors behavior under rotor defect which takes into account the interbar currents. The proposed technique is based on the mesh model analysis of the squirrel cage. As low power induction motors are prevalent in industrial plants, we pay a special attention on them. Notwithstanding, additional currents are due to the contact between the non-insulated bar constituting the squirrel cage to the rotor iron core. The monitoring of induction motors is predominantly made through the stator current analysis of the motor when it operates at nominal condition. Moreover, this one is observed in steady state operating system, knowing that the motor is generally fed by a sinusoidal supply. Consequently, simulation results showed in this paper prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and the impact of interbar resistance both on the model and the line current spectrum for the diagnostic. An experimental test proves the effectiveness of this model.     

派克矢量旋转变换在感应电机定子故障诊断中的应用

负序电流是感应电机定子故障的主要故障特征量之一,但是在实际电机中,供电电压不平衡,电机制造和装配误差造成的先天不平衡、负载的大小变化等都会影响负序电流的大小,因此不考虑这些因素的影响而单纯从负序电流的大小来诊断定子故障及故障的严重程度容易出现误判。当定子故障发生时,总的负序电流是由负序电压产生的负序电流分量、电机先天不平衡产生的负序电流分量以及定子绕组故障引起的负序电流分量的相量和构成的。该文通过派克矢量的旋转变换,可以在大量谐波和噪声存在的情况下,求得电流和电压的基波正序和负序相量,并通过负序阻抗和径向基函数神经网络排除负序电流中其他非故障因素的影响,得到负序电流中与定子故障相对应的分量,并以此为依据进行故障诊断。实验结果表明,该方法是一种可行、有效的方法。     

Diagnosis of stator inter-turn short circuits in DTC induction motor drives

This paper addresses the subject of stator fault diagnosis in direct torque control (DTC) induction motor drives. The particularities of the behavior of a DTC drive, when in the presence of inter-turn short circuits, are exploited, thus allowing the proposal of two different approaches for the diagnosis of this type of fault. One of the proposed diagnostic techniques is the well known motor current spectrum analysis. It is demonstrated that in a DTC induction motor drive, with stator inter-turn short circuits, the action of the torque and flux controllers introduce a strong third harmonic in the motor supply currents, which can be used to detect this type of fault. The other diagnostic technique is based on the multiple reference frames theory, recently proposed by the authors for the diagnosis of stator faults in line-connected motors. Here, its use is exploited in the diagnosis of stator faults in DTC induction motor drives. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the two proposed techniques for the diagnosis of stator faults but emphasize the fact that the multiple reference frames technique is the preferred one when the residual asymmetries of the motor are not negligible.     

异步化高压发电机失磁故障分析

针对以新型电缆绕组构成的异步化高压发电机的失磁过程进行研究,首先建立该电机场路耦合模型,利用耦合模型分析异步化高压发电机在不同转差率下转子发生对称短路失磁和不对称短路失磁故障的磁场进行分析,探索当转子绕组发生不同类型的短路故障时,定子铁心和转子铁心的磁通密度变化规律,为电机和系统故障分析提供数据基础。然后分析了异步化高压发电机在不同转差率的运行条件下,因不同故障引起的失磁前后定子三相电流波形的变化规律及各次谐波含量的分析,得出该电机失磁故障后定子侧电气量的变化规律,为该电机的继电保护设置提供基础数据。     

笼型异步电动机转子断条数目诊断新判据

笼型异步电动机一旦发生转子断条故障,在其定子电流中将出现边频分量。当前已提出Filippetti判据等基于定子电流边频分量的转子断条数目诊断判据,但其准确性有待改进。该文从定子电流边频分量的产生机理入手,推导出转子断条数目诊断新判据。相对于Filippetti判据而言,新判据具有普遍性,可以视为Filippetti判据的推广。新判据同时考虑了导条间电流对转子断条数目诊断的影响。针对一台Y100L-2型三相异步电动机(3 kW,380 V,50 Hz)完成了转子断条故障实验。实验结果表明新判据在准确性方面得以改进。     

Rotor bar fault diagnosis in three phase induction motors by monitoring fluctuations of motor current zero crossing instants

This study describes broken bar detection in induction motors without using additional sensor. It is based on observation of the fluctuations of stator current zero crossing times (ZCT). Instead of sampling motor current with a high resolution A/D converter, zero crossing instants are recorded as waveforms cross zero. Fluctuations in the intervals between successive zero crossings of the three phase current waveforms are analysed using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT). Diagnostic information is found in the spectrum of the ZCT signal through the presence of specific fault related frequencies. A rotor bar fault is manifested as an increase in the amplitude of the 2sf and other spectral components. This paper analyses the effect of an electrically unbalanced rotor on the ZCT spectrum of stator current, and discusses the various frequency components associated with rotor bar faults seen in the ZCT spectrum. It is important to eliminate the dependence of the index on the parameters of the induction motor. Particularly, the effect of motor inertia, supply harmonics, and variable load are discussed to increase the reliability of the rotor fault index, and simulation results are presented. It is found that the 2sf frequency component is independent of inertia, load, and harmonics, and thus it is suitable as an index for broken rotor bar.     

异步电动机断条与静偏心复合故障的电流特征

为了研究笼型异步电动机断条和静态偏心复合故障特征,采用多回路数学模型和改进的绕组函数法对复合故障下的定子电流特征进行了机理分析和仿真研究。首先建立笼型异步电动机的多回路数学模型,通过改进的绕组函数法计算了笼型异步电动机复合故障下的电感参数,推导了复合故障在定子电流中产生的特定谐波频率计算公式,然后建立了笼型异步电动机正常状态和复合故障时的有限元仿真模型,通过仿真对理论结果进行了验证。结果表明,复合故障发生时定子电流中除存在单一断条和静态偏心故障的特征频率外,还会产生一系列附加谐波分量,理论分析与仿真结果相符。     

笼型转子断条感应电动机的易解数学模型

针对断条破坏了电机原有对称关系而使建模仿真变得困难,采用综合矢量法,建立了转子断条感应电动机易于求解的数学模型.对电机暂态及稳态仿真揭示了定子电流幅值与转矩随时间脉动的故障特征,得出了转子导条电流分布规律,表明与断条相邻及相距一对极距的导条电流最大.引人关注的是在转子端环间出现端电压,其值反映了转子电路不对称程度;揭示了故障特征随电机负载变化规律.定子电流实测与仿真结果相吻合证实了结论正确,有助于感应电机在线故障诊断.     

基于信息融合分析的感应电机故障检测方法

为了提高感应电机故障检测的准确性,在分析了感应电机定子线圈短路故障时的振动特征信息及定子电流的谱信息的基础上,指出了单一的振动分析方法或定子电流频谱分析（MCSA）诊断定子线圈短路故障,不能得到准确可靠诊断结果的原因,提出了一种基于信息融合分析的感应电机定子故障检测方法,能有效提取电机定子故障时的特征信息,提高了故障识别的准确性。实验结果证实,基于融合分析得到故障特征可以作为感应电机定子线圈短路故障诊断的依据。