基于阻尼器的双馈风力发电系统扭振抑制策略

由风速扰动或网侧的电气扰动所引发的风机传动轴扭振现象会导致轴系机械零件疲劳过载,甚至损坏。提出一种对网侧电气小扰动引发机网扭振的抑制策略。该策略通过在转子侧逆变器功率控制环节引入阻尼器,当轴系发生扭振时,利用发电机转速波动信号产生阻尼功率,再附加到逆变器有功功率参考值上,使系统额外输出有功功率来增大系统阻尼,从而抑制轴系扭振。建立系统小信号稳定模型,分析扭振抑制原理,观察引入阻尼器后,系统主导扭振模态的特征根变化;并利用Bode图分析阻尼器对轴系扭振模态的抑制效果。最后,在Matlab/Simulink上进行仿真验证。结果表明,所提出的阻尼策略可以显著增大双馈风力发电系统的阻尼,增强对风力发电系统扭振尤其是低频振荡模态的抑制。     

A New Damper Scheme to Restrict Torsional Torques on the Turbine Generator Shafts and Blades near a HVDC Link

Due to more various power disturbances occurring in a power system involving a HVDC link, the turbine generator shafts and/or blades are more prone to damage than in general HVAC systems. In this paper, a new mechanical damper scheme based on participation factor approach is proposed to damp torsional torque and prolong the life of turbine mechanism. Two types of torsional damping couplings, inertia damping coupling and elastic damping coupling, are adopted and examined. The optimal type and the optimal location of the damping coupling will be identified and installed to the turbine generator shaft section. The results demonstrate that the best damper may not be installed at the location with the most onerous vibrations but provides satisfactory damping performance on shafts and blades following severe power disturbances in a HVDC link.     

定子Crowbar电路模式切换的双馈风力发电机组低电压穿越控制策略

针对转子Crowbar电路的双馈风力发电机组低电压穿越需要闭锁变流器控制脉冲、直流母线电压波动无法较好地抑制,提出了一种定子Crowbar电路模式切换的双馈风电机组低电压穿越控制方案。电网发生故障时,定子Crowbar电路接入系统,双馈风电机组切换至感应发电机组模式下,转子侧变流器采用转子功率外环控制,网侧变流器采用功率协调控制方案,将机侧功率当作前馈量引入到网侧变流器控制策略中并向电网注入无功功率。仿真分析表明,所提控制方案在确保实现双馈风电机组低电压穿越的同时,能够有效地降低转子暂态电流、稳定直流母线电压,并向电网提供无功功率。     

双馈风力发电机变换器的控制方法研究

本文主要研究了双馈感应电机(DFIG)的网侧和转子侧变换器的控制方法。双馈感应电机中转子侧变换器采用定子磁链定向矢量控制技术,实现了风能的最大跟踪以及有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制。网侧变换器采用电网电压定向矢量控制技术,控制了直流母线电压的恒定以及调节了网侧的功率因素。采用PSCAD/EMTDC电力系统仿真软件,构建了包括风速模型、风力机模型、变速恒频双馈电机、定子侧和转子侧变换器在内的双馈风力发电机仿真模型。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法是有效、合理的。     

弱电网下双馈风电机组电网电压扰动补偿控制策略

针对弱电网下双馈风电并网系统的稳定性问题,文中提出了一种基于电网电压扰动补偿的双馈风电机组补偿控制策略。首先,在同步旋转坐标系下建立双馈风电机组,包括转子侧变换器和网侧变换器的统一阻抗模型。然后,基于所建立的阻抗模型分析了并网点电压扰动到控制器输出的传递关系,分别在转子侧电流环和网侧电流环引入了电压扰动补偿对变换器进行改进控制,并通过广义奈奎斯特判据证明了该方法能有效提高双馈风电机组在弱电网下的并网稳定性。理论分析表明,基于并网点电压扰动补偿的转子侧和网侧补偿控制能很好地改善双馈风电机组的输出阻抗特性,从而提高其在弱电网下的稳定性。最后,通过仿真分析验证了该补偿控制方法的有效性。     

并网风电场改善系统阻尼的仿真

提出一种基于双馈变速风电机组的系统稳定控制技术,将双馈电机转差信号引入转子侧变频器控制模型。在系统发生功率振荡时,通过改变转子励磁电压的相角调节双馈变速风电机组输出与振荡相关的阻尼功率,达到使风电场能够改善系统阻尼的目的。在电力系统分析软件DIgSILENT/PowerFactory中建立风电场和实际电力系统等效模型,对双馈变速风电机组采用电力系统稳定器(PSS)前后的系统进行特征值分析和系统故障时域仿真。2种分析结果表明,引入PSS控制环节的基于双馈变速风电机组的并网风电场能够改善系统阻尼,对系统功率振荡具有很好的阻尼和抑制作用,加强了系统动态稳定性。     

考虑整机转矩控制的双馈风机轴系扭振机理分析及抑制策略

双馈风电机组轴系模型可等效为风力机质块经柔性轴与发电机质块连接,其轴系柔性较大,阻尼较低,现场存在轴系扭振现象.提出将整机转矩控制嵌入双馈风机两质量块数学模型中,并进行小信号线性化,得到适用于轴系动态特性分析的双馈风电机组机电小信号模型,基于该模型开展扭振机理分析和抑制策略设计.双馈风机轴系扭振本质原因是电磁转矩与发电...     

电网电压深度不对称跌落时的双馈风电变流器控制技术

针对电网电压不对称跌落故障,提出一种用于双馈风机的变流器控制策略,以满足低电压穿越标准的要求。策略使用转子侧变流器控制转子正序电流以保证风机的有功和无功输出,网侧变流器保持额定电流输出能量,同时使用斩波器稳定直流母线电压。针对1.5MW双馈风电机组进行了仿真模型和实际测试验证,结果表明该策略有效保证了双馈风机系统低电压穿越的实现。     

双馈风力发电机组并网控制策略及性能分析

为了实现双馈风力发电机组无冲击电流并网,基于电网电压定向矢量控制技术,提出了一种考虑转子电流动态调节特性的双馈风力发电机组空载并网控制策略。基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台,建立了双馈风力发电机系统及其并网控制的数学模型,并对不同初始运行转速的双馈风力发电机组的自动并网运行特性进行了仿真。仿真实验结果证明无论初始转速为同步转速,还是超、亚同步转速,利用提出的并网控制策略,双馈风力发电机组能很好快速地建立定子电压,并网过渡过程定子电流基本没有冲击。     

Effects of electrical and mechanical parameters on the transient voltage stability of a fixed speed wind turbine

In this paper the dynamic behaviour of a wind turbine connected to the grid is examined. The model of the fixed speed wind turbine has been developed with the Simulink simulation tool (Matlab Inc.) It is composed of the induction generator, the shaft system, an aerodynamic model of the wind turbine rotor and the pitch control system. Using this model, a three-phase fault is applied close to the wind turbine and cleared by disconnecting the faulty line.The rigorous implementation of the simulink model allowed the authors to evaluate the exact dependence of various electrical parameters for the induction generator on voltage stability. Furthermore, the effects of wind turbine mechanical construction and of grid parameters on voltage stability are also evaluated and discussed.For each parameter, the terminal voltage and the generator rotor speed for different fault-clearing times are drawn. Finally, the terminal voltage and the generator rotor speed obtained for a fifth order model of the induction generator are compared with those obtained for a third order model. The differences between the two models are discussed. The results will help to understand transient stability phenomena in wind farms.     

基于双馈风机转子侧变流器的次同步谐振抑制方法

从双馈风机产生次同步谐振的机理出发,当双馈风机转速变化时,其电磁转矩变化量可以分为转子转矩变化量和定子转矩变化量两部分。基于双馈风机转子侧变流器,提出一种新的抑制次同步谐振的附加阻尼控制策略。通过在转子侧变流器控制策略中引入附加控制,产生一个与转速反相的附加转矩,为系统提出正阻尼。然后,利用PSCAD/EMTDC对所提出的附加阻尼控制策略进行仿真验证。结果表明,通过对转子侧变流器进行附加阻尼控制后,可以有效抑制次同步谐振的发生。     

Double-fed induction generator control for variable speed wind power generation

Vector control of a doubly fed induction generator drive for variable speed wind power generation is described. A wound rotor induction machine with back-to-back three phase power converter bridges between its rotor and the grid forms the electrical system. The control scheme uses stator flux-oriented control for the rotor side converter bridge control and grid voltage vector control for the grid side converter bridge. A complete simulation model is developed for the control of the active and reactive powers of the doubly fed generator under variable speed operation. Several studies are performed to test its operation under different wind conditions. A laboratory test setup consisting of a wound rotor induction machine driven by a variable speed dc motor is used to validate the software simulations.     

全功率变流器永磁直驱风电系统低电压穿越特性研究

随着风电机组安装容量的不断上升,风电系统在电网故障情况下的运行变得尤为重要,电网导则要求风电机组在电网电压瞬间跌落一定范围内不脱网运行。针对使用背靠背全功率变流器的永磁直驱风电系统,提出一种在电网电压瞬间跌落情况下不脱网运行的方法。电网发生电压瞬间跌落时,网侧变流器运行在静止无功补偿（STATCOM）模式,依据电网电压跌落的深度决定发出无功电流的大小,通过快速提供无功电流来稳定电网电压,实现直驱型风电系统的低电压穿越功能。仿真和实验结果表明电网电压故障时使直驱风电系统运行在STATCOM模式可以有效提高低电压穿越能力。     

永磁风电系统低电压穿越控制策略研究

针对Boost升压型永磁直驱型风电系统,分析了其发电机侧和网侧变流器的控制策略.为增强其低电压穿越能力,提出了一种基于转子储能和网侧无功优先输出的控制策略.通过减小发电机的有功输出来降低直流侧过电压,通过控制网侧无功输出来提升电网电压.基于Matlab/Simulink 7.10搭建了仿真模型.仿真结果证明了该控制策略的有效性.     

定子双绕组感应电机风力发电系统的低电压穿越特性分析

通过发电机控制绕组侧的励磁变换器灵活调节系统所需的励磁无功功率,定子双绕组感应电机(DWIG)风力发电系统可在宽风速范围内输出稳定的高压直流,无需增加升压变换器即可并网运行,并且系统的控制策略有助于提高系统对电压跌落等故障的穿越能力。文中通过构建并网型DWIG风力发电系统的Simulink仿真模型,对系统运行在各种功率因数状态下的跌落特性及跌落期间对电网的无功功率支持进行全面仿真。结果证明,无需增加额外的卸载单元,DWIG风力发电系统即可实现较强的低电压穿越能力,在不同功率因数下均能稳定安全运行,且能在电压跌落故障期间提供一定的无功功率支持。     

电网电压跌落下双馈风力发电系统强励控制

为增强电网故障下双馈风力发电系统(DFIG)的低电压穿越(LVRT)运行能力,提出一种DFIG转子侧变换器(RSC)强励控制策略。在基于定子磁链定向的矢量控制策略中增加多频比例谐振控制器(MFPR),当电网故障造成发电机定子电压跌落时,多频比例谐振控制器能够对转子侧变换器(RSC)的输出励磁电压进行补偿,抑制转子故障电流,实现DFIG的低电压穿越运行。分析了转子电压等级与DFIG的低电压穿越运行区间的关系,为DFIG转子侧变换器的电压等级设计标准提供了参考依据。控制系统结构简单,保证了系统的响应速度,可同时对电网对称跌落和不对称跌落产生的故障电流进行抑制。通过对1.5 MW双馈风力发电机组进行仿真研究,验证了理论分析的正确性和所提控制策略的可行性。     

Dynamic modeling and control of DFIG-based wind turbines under balanced network conditions

The performance of wind power station is researched by utilizing a detailed model which includes a wind turbine (WT), doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and power electronic devices. In the initial stage, a comprehensive review and definition of each part of this system are presented. Then dynamic modeling and simulation of a sample power system are carried out. The operation of a DFIG coupled with WT under balanced condition of a power grid is investigated and stationary reference frame is utilized for analysis of a wind energy conversion system. At the second step, a wind power station is connected to the power grid in order to test the performances of the wind power station controller. The control plan utilizes stator flux oriented control and grid voltage vector control for the rotor and the grid side converter, respectively. MATLAB simulations clearly confirm the effectiveness of the control strategies.     

Impact of VSC faults on dynamic performance and low voltage ride through of DFIG

A doubly-fed induction generator’s (DFIG’s) sensitivity to external faults has motivated researchers to investigate the impact of various grid disturbances, such as voltage sags and short circuit faults, on its low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability. However, no attention has been paid to the impact of internal faults in voltage source converters (VSCs), that interface a DFIG with the grid, on the dynamic performance of the machine. This paper investigates the impacts of various VSC faults, on the dynamic performance and LVRT capability of a DFIG. Faults such as open and short circuit within VSC switches and across the DC-link capacitor are considered in this paper. The impact of internal VSC faults when they occur within the grid side converter (GSC) and rotor side converter (RSC) is investigated. Compliance of the voltage profiles of a DFIG with the LVRTs specified in the recent grid codes of the USA, Spain, Mexico, Denmark, Ireland, Germany, Quebec and the UK are examined for the faults studied. The simulation results show that these faults should be considered in designs of protection systems aimed at avoiding any catastrophic failure of the converter switches or wind turbine.     

双馈感应风力发电机故障穿越特性及其控制

风电场低电压穿越能力对接入系统的暂态稳定性有着重要影响。分析双馈感应风力发电机的励磁控制原理,在此基础上研究风电机组基于电流解耦的矢量控制策略以及故障期间转子侧变流器Crowbar(撬棒)滞环保护方案和网侧变流器的电压支撑技术。运用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真工具研究常规同步发电机和双馈风力发电机2种类型机组在短时间和长时间短路故障时的暂态响应特性,并探讨变流器参数对风电机组性能的影响。结果表明:变流器紧急应对措施可以使风机迅速恢复控制能力,从而通过灵活地调节其转子磁链矢量的幅值和相角使电压快速重建;此外,选择合适的直流侧电容容量将增强不对称故障情况下网侧变流器抵抗负序电流的能力。     

基于PSCAD/EMTDC的双馈式风力发电机建模与仿真分析

在交流励磁双馈发电机的数学模型基础上,详细分析了交流励磁双馈发电系统在PSCAD/EMTDC软件环境下的建模方法,包括风力机模型、网侧换流器模型、机侧换流器模型及其控制系统模型.搭建了双馈式变速恒频风力发电系统的电磁暂态模型,并对双馈风力发电机组整体模型进行了联调仿真分析,实现了最大风能捕获,有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制以及变速恒频运行的控制目标.