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1.
负荷频率控制(load frequency control, LFC)是维持电力系统安全稳定运行的基础。对于多区域互联电力系统,由于描述动态过程的微分方程组相当复杂,这给负荷频率控制器的设计带来了困难。在此背景下,针对多区域互联电力系统,提出基于交替方向乘子法 (alternating direction method of multiplier, ADMM) 的分布式最优负荷频率控制器设计方法,以取得良好的控制性能,同时具备较高的计算效率。首先,介绍了负荷频率控制问题的微分方程模型。之后,基于二次多项式和矩阵稀疏化构建了分布式最优LFC策略的数学模型,并采用ADMM求解。最后,以三区域互联电力系统为例对所提方法进行了验证。仿真结果表明,针对负荷扰动和时变参数,所提方法能够把各区域的频率偏差和区域间联络线上的功率偏差控制到0。 相似文献
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针对风电并网时的随机波动功率、负荷频率控制(load frequency control, LFC)系统参数变化所引起的电力系统频率稳定问题,提出了一种基于智能优化算法与改进目标函数的互联电网LFC系统最优PID控制器设计方法。首先,分析了基于PID控制的含风电互联电力系统LFC闭环模型。其次,在时间乘误差绝对值积分(integral of time multiplied absolute error, ITAE)性能指标的目标函数中考虑了区域控制器的输出信号偏差,对优化目标函数进行改进。采用性能优良的多元宇宙优化(multi-verse optimizer, MVO)算法先计算后验证的思路,寻优获得最优PID控制器参数。最后,以两区域4机组互联电力LFC系统为例,仿真验证了基于MVO算法结合改进目标函数所获得的PID控制器,比基于MVO算法所获得的PID控制器,对阶跃负荷扰动、随机负荷扰动、风电功率偏差扰动以及系统的参数变化,具有相对较好的鲁棒性能。并且,对控制器参数也具有相对较好的非脆弱性指标。 相似文献
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The paper presents a new discrete-time sliding mode controller for load-frequency control (LFC) in control areas (CAs) of a power system. As it uses full-state feedback it can be applied for LFC not only in CAs with thermal power plants but also in CAs with hydro power plants, in spite of their non-minimum phase behaviors. To enable full-state feedback we have proposed a state estimation method based on fast sampling of measured output variables, which are frequency, active power flow interchange and generated power from power plants engaged in LFC in the CA. The same estimation method is also used for the estimation of external disturbances in the CA, what additionally improves the overall system behavior. Design of the discrete-time sliding mode controller for LFC with desired behavior is accomplished by using a genetic algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, proposed controller outperforms any of the existing controllers in fulfilling the requirements of LFC. It was thoroughly compared to the commonly used PI controller by extensive simulation experiments on a power system with four interconnected CAs. These experiments show that the proposed controller ensures better disturbance rejection, maintains required control quality in the wider operating range, shortens the frequency’s transient response avoiding the overshoot and is more robust to uncertainties in the system. 相似文献
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Mairaj ud din Mufti Shameem Ahmad LoneShiekh Javed Iqbal Muzzafar AhmadMudasir Ismail 《Electric Power Systems Research》2009
A fuzzy-logic controlled super-capacitor bank (SCB) for improved load frequency control (LFC) of an interconnected power system is proposed, in this paper. The super-capacitor bank in each control area is interfaced with the area control bus through a power conversion system (PCS) comprising of a voltage source converter (VSC) and a buck-boost chopper. The fuzzy controller for SCB is designed in such a way that the effects of load disturbances are rejected on a continuous basis. Necessary models are developed and control and implementation aspects are presented in a detailed manner. Time domain simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The performance of the resulting power system under realistic situation is investigated by including the effects of generation rate constraint (GRC) and governor dead band (DB) in the simulation studies. 相似文献
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This article deals with the coordination of security-constrained economic dispatch and load frequency control in an interconnected power system. The realistic and performance optimization inherent of the load frequency control (LFC) and security-constrained economic dispatch are fully considered without simplifying assumptions. For this purpose, modeling security-constrained economic dispatch as a discontinuous control action in the continuous frequency response model of a power system is well addressed. Considering conflict behavior of LFC and security-constrained economic dispatch beside the powerfulness of the multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) to solve high-dimensional problems with conflicted objective functions makes it attractive for the automatic generation control coordination problem. The employed security-constrained economic dispatch utilizes the advantages of dynamic economic dispatch to achieve more realistic results. The GA is used to compute the decentralized control parameters and centralized generation levels of the on-line units to achieve an acceptable operating point. A significant modification in convergence speed has been performed by using LFC model properties in corporation with the genetic algorithm, so the proposed method gives considerable promise for implementation in multi-area power systems. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm and modification is demonstrated on a three control area power system. 相似文献
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Muthana T. Alrifai Mohamed F. HassanMohamed Zribi 《International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems》2011,33(2):198-209
This paper proposes a control scheme for the load frequency control (LFC) problem of multi-area power systems. These systems are treated as interconnected dynamical systems. In the design of the proposed controller, each local area network is overlapped with states representing the interconnections with the other local area networks in the global system. Then, a decentralized control scheme is developed as function of the local area state variables and those resulting from the overlapped states which represent an approximation of the interconnection variables. The proposed controller guarantees the asymptotic stability of the overall closed loop system.The simulation results indicate that the proposed control scheme works well. In addition, they show that the controlled system is robust to changes in the parameters of the power system and to bounded input disturbances acting on the system. Moreover, the simulation results show that the controlled system behaves well even when there is a maximum limit on the rate of change in power generation. 相似文献
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In large-scale power systems, classical centralized control approaches may fail due to geographically distribution of information and decentralized controllers result in sub-optimal solution for load–frequency control (LFC) problems. In this paper, a two-level structure is presented to obtain optimal solution for LFC problems and also reduce the computational complexity of centralized controllers. In this approach, an interconnected multi-area power system is decomposed into several sub-systems (areas) at the first-level. Then an optimization problem in each area is solved separately, with respect to its local information and interaction signals coming from other areas. At the second-level, by updating the interaction signals and using an iterative procedure, the local controllers will converge to the overall optimal solution. By parallel solving of areas, the computational time of the algorithm is reduced in contrast to centralized controllers. This approach is applicable to any interconnected large-scale power system. However, for simulation purposes, a three-are power system is presented to show advantages and optimality of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
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区域电网间存在较高的数据传输,使有限的通信和计算资源变得拥塞。为降低区域电网间的通信负担,提出基于事件触发控制的时滞电力系统负荷频率控制(LFC)方法。针对具有通信延迟的LFC系统,建立基于事件触发控制的时滞LFC动态模型。进而采用多求和不等式,提出具有事件触发控制器的时滞相关LFC系统Lyapunov稳定分析判据;在此基础上,推导了基于事件触发通信和输出反馈的负荷频率控制器协同设计方案,以保证电力系统频率稳定性的同时提高数据传输效率。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效减小互联系统频率和联络线功率振荡,保证系统的时滞稳定性并减少网络通信的冗余传输。 相似文献
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K.R. Sudha R. Vijaya Santhi 《International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems》2011,33(3):699-707
The Load Frequency Control (LFC) problem has been a major subject in electrical power system design/operation. LFC is becoming more significant recently with increasing size, changing structure and complexity in interconnected power systems. In practice LFC systems use simple Proportional Integral (PI) controllers. As the PI control parameters are usually tuned, based on classical approaches. Moreover, they have fixed gains; hence are incapable of obtaining good dynamic performance for a wide range of operating conditions and various load changes, in multi-area power system. Literature shows that fuzzy logic controller, one of the most useful approaches, for utilizing expert knowledge, is adaptive in nature and is applied successfully for power system stabilization control. This paper proposes a Type-2 (T2) fuzzy approach for load frequency control of two-area interconnected reheat thermal power system with the consideration of Generation Rate Constraint (GRC). The performance of the Type-2 (T2) controller is compared with conventional controller and Type-1 (T1) fuzzy controller with regard to Generation Rate Constraint (GRC). The system parametric uncertainties are verified by changing parameters by 40% simultaneously from their typical values. 相似文献
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In this paper, a Sliding mode controller design method for frequency regulation in an interconnected power
system is presented. A sliding surface having four parameters has been selected for the load frequency control
(LFC) system model. In order to achieve an optimal result, the parameter of the controller is obtained by grey wolf
optimization (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. The objective function for optimization has
been considered as the integral of square of error of deviation in frequency and tie-line power exchange. The
method has been validated through simulation of a single area as well as a multi-area power system. The
performance of the Sliding mode controller has also been analyzed for parametric variation and random loading
patterns. The performance of the proposed method is better than recently reported methods. The performance of
the proposed Sliding mode controller via GWO has 88.91% improvement in peak value of frequency deviation over
the method of Anwar and Pan in case study 1 and similar improvement has been observed over different case
studies taken from the literature. 相似文献
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This paper deals with the load frequency control (LFC) study of single-area and interconnected two-area power system having diversified power sources. The two areas considered in the present study are identical. Each area is having thermal, hydro and gas based power plants. Split-shaft model of gas turbine is used in the present work as one of the diversified generating unit for the purpose of LFC study. Optimal gains of the classical controllers (like integral controller, proportional–integral controller and proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller, one installed at a time in the studied models) are obtained by using a novel music-inspired metaheuristic harmony search algorithm (HSA) which incorporates quasi opposition based learning technique for memory initialization and also for generation jumping. Single-area power system with diverse power sources is considered and its optimal transient performances are obtained and compared for step load perturbation. The same approach is further extended to two-area interconnected power system consisting of diverse power sources with nominal values of area input parameters. The performance of PID controller is found to be the best one for the studied power system models. It is also revealed that the performance of the interconnected two-area power system with AC–DC tie line is better in comparison to AC tie line. 相似文献
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Excessive load demand with reliability in power availability, demands for interconnection of large number of generating units over existing tie lines. Due to sudden change in demand, the power transfer over existing tie lines working close to their thermal limits results in low frequency power oscillations. Thus, in modern power systems the study of mitigation of these frequency oscillations is more involved and formulates the area of Load Frequency Control (LFC). Many conventional and heuristic control techniques have been recently applied to address the issue of LFC. This paper investigates load frequency control of large interconnected power system consisting of conventional and renewable energy sources, using hybrid heuristic approach. The proposed strategy is shown to result in improved system damping resulting in faster mitigation of low frequency oscillations. 相似文献
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This paper focuses Load Frequency Control (LFC) mechanism for multi-generating two areas interconnected power systems with energy storage system in a deregulated power environment. The two areas, demarcated as Area-I and Area-II, consist of thermal, hydro and gas power units. This paper also incorporates the economic load dispatch mechanism into the LFC for economical division of load during load deviation. Small signal stability analysis through participating factor has also been done to determine the oscillation state of the system, i.e., frequency deviation in both areas. Therefore, proper controller is required to reduce the oscillation of the system. The optimum value of the integral gain of the integral controller has to be selected to achieve the goal. Hence, Opposition-based Harmonic Search (OHS) technique is used for the optimization purpose. During major disturbance in the areas, primary and secondary controllers are not sufficient to reduce the frequency and tie-line power oscillation due to slow response of the governor mechanism. Therefore, energy storage system, i.e., Redox Flow Battery (RFB), is used for improvement of the dynamic response of the system which has very small time constant and quick response. The proposed control mechanism has been analyzed in a deregulated power environment with the help of different simulation case studies to find out improved dynamic performance over integral control strategies. 相似文献
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Coordinated control of conventional powersources and PHEVs using jaya algorithmoptimized PID controller for frequencycontrol of a renewable penetrated powersystem
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In renewable penetrated power systems, frequency instability arises due to the volatile nature of renewable energy
sources (RES) and load disturbances. The traditional load frequency control (LFC) strategy from conventional power
sources (CPS) alone unable to control the frequency deviations caused by the aforementioned disturbances.
Therefore, it is essential to modify the structure of LFC, to handle the disturbances caused by the RES and load.
With regards to the above problem, this work proposes a novel coordinated LFC strategy with modified control
signal to have Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) for frequency stability enhancement of the Japanese power
system. Where, the coordinated control strategy is based on the PID controller, which is optimally tuned by the
recently developed JAYA Algorithm (JA). Numerous simulations are performed with the proposed methodology
and, the results have confirmed the effectiveness of a proposed approach over some recent and well-known
techniques in literature. Furthermore, simulation results reveal that the proposed coordinated approach significantly
minimizing the frequency deviations compared to the JAYA optimized LFC without PHEVs & with PHEVs but no
coordination. 相似文献
18.
针对区域互联电力系统受到风电及负荷扰动后,系统频率会出现大幅度波动的问题,提出一种基于云神经网络自适应逆系统的多区域互联电力系统负荷频率控制方法。在分析单一区域电力系统有功输出特性的基础上,建立计及多区域有功输出的互联电力系统负荷频率控制模型。采用自适应逆控制有效解决系统响应和扰动抑制的矛盾。将云模型引入自适应逆系统构建云神经网络辨识器。利用云模型在处理模糊性和随机性等不确定性方面的优势,进一步提高神经网络的辨识能力。仿真结果表明,所设计的云神经网络自适应逆系统不仅可以得到好的动态响应,还可以使风电及负荷引起的扰动减小到最小。 相似文献
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Based on indirect adaptive fuzzy control technique, a new load frequency control (LFC) scheme for multi-area power system is proposed. The power systems under study have the characterization of unknown parameters. Local load frequency controller is designed using the frequency and tie-line power deviations of each area. In the controller design, the approximation capabilities of fuzzy systems are employed to identify the unknown functions, formulate suitable adaptive control law and updating algorithms for the controller parameters. It is proved that the proposed controller ensures the boundedness of all variables of the closed-loop system and the tracking error. Moreover, in the proposed controller an auxiliary control signal is introduced to attenuate the effect of fuzzy approximation error and to mitigate the effect of external disturbance on the tracking performance. Simulation results of a three-area power system are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed LFC and show its superiority over a classical PID controller. 相似文献