Inhibition of mold growth on the surface of dried persimmons using combined treatments of UV-C light and clove oil

The efficacy of clove oil, UV-C light and their combination for the inhibition of mold growth on the surface of dried persimmon fruits during the storage period of 28 days at 20 °C were investigated in this study. The inactivation kinetics of UV-C resistant mold cultures inoculated to dried persimmon surfaces were determined at UV-C doses in the range of 0.6–12.0 kJ/m². Disc diffusion and microdilution methods were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the clove oil against Rhizopus oryzae, Alternaria tenuissima and Aspergillus niger previously isolated from dried persimmon fruits. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of clove essential oil against R. oryzae, A. tenuissima and A. niger were 1.56% (v/v) and the minimum fungicidal concentrations were 6.25% (v/v), 3.12% (v/v) and 6.25% (v/v), respectively. UV-C treatments showed limited reductions in the number of molds inoculated to dried persimmon discs regardless of the UV-C dose. Combined treatments of UV-C and clove oil resulted in maximum reductions of 0.64 and 0.68 log cfu/cm² for R. oryzae and A. niger, respectively. Sensory evaluation results showed that all the treatments could maintain the appearance and texture of samples, moreover the highest sensory evaluation score was obtained for the clove oil (1.56% v/v) treatments in terms of flavour and overall acceptability. Application of clove oil (1.56% v/v) to dried persimmon fruits was extended the product shelf life at least 28 days. By using combination of UV-C light and clove oil treatments, the inhibition of mold growth on the surface of dried persimmons has been achieved.Industrial relevanceUltraviolet technology is a non-thermal food processing technology as an alternative to chemicals while maintaining the quality of the food. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that combined treatment of UV-C and clove oil are a promising technology to inhibit fungal growth as well as to enhance sensory quality of dried persimmon fruits. Application of clove oil to dried persimmon fruits produced a novel and value-added product that can be preferred by consumers.     

Investigation of physical and mechanical properties of oil palm wood core sandwich panels overlaid with a rubberwood veneer face

Low-density sandwich panels consisting of an oil palm wood core overlaid with a rubberwood veneer face were manufactured. Effects of two types of grain orientation of the oil palm wood core (parallel and perpendicular to board surface) and three different veneer thicknesses (0.7, 1.8 and 2.7 mm) and core densities (223 ± 14, 301 ± 35 and 418 ± 33 kg/m³) on some physical and mechanical properties of the boards were investigated. Results showed that higher core density increased the values of thermal conductivity, screw withdrawal resistance, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity but decreased the value of water absorption without effect on thickness swelling of the boards. Boards with the core grain direction oriented perpendicular to panel’s surface possessed lower value of thickness swelling but higher values of thermal conductivity and strain at fracture when the board failed in a mode of core shear under bending test than those of the others. Finally, the relationship between board density and the measured physical and mechanical properties of the oil palm wood core sandwich panels overlaid with a rubberwood veneer expressed as mathematical equations could be used to predict and design the expected properties of this type of sandwich board.     

Effects of cold setting adhesives on properties of laminated veneer lumber from oil palm trunks in comparison with rubberwood

In this study, the properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made from oil palm trunks (OPT) were evaluated in comparison with rubberwood using cold setting adhesives, namely, emulsion polymeric isocyanate (EPI) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). The evaluations were based on either dry or after cold water, hot water and cyclic pre-treatment. The density of the OPT LVL was slightly higher than that of solid OPT. Thickness swelling and water absorption of OPT LVL were greater than of rubberwood LVL. Pre-treatment increased the water absorption and thickness swelling. The OPT LVL bonded with EPI without toluene showed greater water absorption and thickness swelling than EPI with toluene. Pre-treatment significantly reduced the tensile strength of OPT LVL. The OPT LVL bonded with EPI without toluene showed higher tensile shear strength, but a greater reduction of tensile shear strength after pre-treatment, than the OPT LVL bonded with EPI and toluene. The PVAc adhesive had greater wettability than the EPI. The EPI without toluene showed a lower contact angle than the EPI with toluene. The loose side of the OPT veneer was found to have greater wettability than the tight side.     

Antimicrobial activity of cinnamon and clove oils under modified atmosphere conditions

Mixtures of cinnamon and clove oils were tested for inhibitory activity against important spoilage microorganism of intermediate moisture foods. Four fungal species (Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium roqueforti, Mucor plumbeus and Eurotium sp.), four yeasts species (Debaryomyces hansenii, Pichia membranaefaciens, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Candida lipolytica), and two bacteria species (Staphylococcus aureus and Pediococcus halophilus) inoculated separately on agar plates were sealed in a barrier pouch and exposed to essential oil volatiles under a modified atmosphere of low O2 (<0.05-10%) and high CO2 (20% or 40%), with the balance being N2. A. flavus and Eurotium sp. proved to be the most resistant microorganisms. Cinnamon and clove oils added between 1000 and 4000 microL at a ratio of 1:1 were tested for minimum inhibitory volume (MIV) against molds and yeasts. The gas phase above 1000 microL of the oil mixture inhibited growth of C. lipolytica and P. membranaefaciens; 2000 microL inhibited growth of A. flavus, P. roqueforti, M. plumbeus, Eurotium sp., D. hansenii, and Z. rouxii, while inhibition of A. flavus required the addition of 4000 microL. Higher ratios of cinnamon oil/clove oil were more effective for inhibiting the growth of A. flavus.     

丁香精油对山杏仁油高温使用时的氧化稳定性影响

通过测定山杏仁油的过氧化值,研究了不同的加热时间、加热温度和丁香精油添加量对山杏仁油氧化稳定性的影响,并在单因素试验的基础上通过响应面中心组合试验设计原理对结果进行优化,确定了山杏仁油高温条件下抗氧化的最佳参数为加热时间4 min、加热温度140℃、丁香精油添加浓度0.8 g/100g。此时,测得山杏仁油的过氧化值为3.14 mmol/kg。     

Estimation of physical and mechanical properties of agro-based particleboards by near infrared spectroscopy

Partial least square regression (PLS-R) calibrations based on near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic data were developed in order to predict mechanical and physical properties of agro-based particleboards. The panels were manufactured using Eucalyptus and Pinus wood particles and sugar cane bagasse. The following panel properties were evaluated according to standard methods: modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB) strength, water absorption (WA24H), and thickness swelling (TS24H) after 24 hours of immersion. NIR spectra information was measured on samples cut from each particleboard and correlated with their physical and mechanical properties by PLS-R to build predictive NIR models. The NIR models for IB, WA24H and TS24H presented satisfactory coefficient of determination (0.73; 0.72 and 0.75, respectively.) The key role of resins (adhesives), cellulose, and lignin for NIRS calibrations of mechanical and physical properties of the particleboards is shown. These models can be useful to quickly verify such properties in unknown agro-based particleboards.     

Synergistic antimicrobial properties of nanoencapsulated clove oil and thymol against oral bacteria

Food Science and Biotechnology - This study aimed to improve the antimicrobial activity of natural extracts against oral bacteria by synergistic combination and nanoencapsulation. Among five...     

添加麝香草酚和丁香油的马铃薯淀粉基抗菌膜的制备及性能研究

以马铃薯淀粉、普鲁兰多糖、明胶为成膜物质,甘油为增塑剂,氯化钙为交联剂,采用流延法制备马铃薯淀粉基复合膜,研究了抗菌剂麝香草酚和丁香油对复合膜性能的影响。结果表明:麝香草酚和丁香油能够显著影响复合膜的机械性能,增加复合膜的水蒸气透过率和水溶性,降低复合膜的透光率。添加抗菌剂的复合膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有较强的抑制作用,随着抗菌剂含量的增加,复合膜的抗菌作用逐渐增强,且添加两种抗菌剂的复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用均强于对大肠杆菌的抑制作用。     

超声波处理对棕榈油性质影响

该文以精炼棕榈油为原料,研究不同条件超声波处理对棕榈油感官性质、酸值、过氧化值影响规律。结果表明:超声波作用导致棕榈油中产生絮状物质,且随超声功率增大,絮状物增多。超声波处理后棕榈油酸值与未处理油的酸值相比无显著差异。随贮存时间延长、功率增加、超声时间增加,棕榈油过氧化值呈递增趋势,但在实验条件下,过氧化值均未超过食用精炼棕榈油质量标准。     

Iturin A与肉桂精油复配提升樱桃番茄贮藏品质

为探究抗菌肽iturin A与植物精油复配对樱桃番茄的保鲜效果,在测定精油对软腐病菌(Rhizopus stolonifer)最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)的基础上,确定iturin A和精油的最佳浓度,研究了樱桃番茄贮藏品质的变化。结果表明,iturin A的MIC为64μg/mL,肉桂精油的MIC为0. 05%(体积分数),在8种植物精油中最低;当单独使用质量浓度为512μg/mL的iturin A和体积分数为1%的肉桂精油处理时,樱桃番茄软腐病发病率最低;另外,当512μg/mL iturin A与1%(体积分数)肉桂精油复配使用时,能显著降低樱桃番茄腐烂率,减缓色差的变化和硬度的下降,延缓可滴定酸、VC、还原糖的含量的下降。当贮藏15 d时,复配组腐烂率和失重率分别为7. 18%和0. 72%,显著低于对照组的55%和8. 91%。Iturin A与肉桂精油复配能够有效保持樱桃番茄品质,延长贮藏时间,保障食品的安全性,为生物保鲜技术提供理论依据。     

丁香精油对樱桃番茄保鲜作用的研究

研究了丁香精油对樱桃番茄采后主要致病菌的抑制作用及对其采后品质和生理的影响。结果表明:丁香精油可有效抑制根霉、灰霉的生长,并可诱导樱桃番茄防御性酶POD、PPO及CAT活性的升高;丁香精油处理可降低果实的腐烂指数,120μL/L丁香精油熏蒸对樱桃番茄的防腐保鲜效果最好,贮藏19d后腐烂指数比对照降低了70.6%;20℃下贮藏19d之后,丁香精油处理后樱桃番茄的果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、颜色及可滴定酸与对照组果实相比均无显著差异。      

Effects of chitosan coating enriched with cinnamon oil on qualitative properties of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Effect of chitosan–oil coating on qualitative properties of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) stored at 8 °C for 35 days was investigated. The chitosan–oil coating treatment exhibited the best control effect on decay (below 5%). At the end of storage, samples treated with chitosan-oil coatings maintained good sensory acceptability, whereas the sensory quality of control samples became unacceptable. The higher activities of scavenger antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), in treated peppers at the 35th day should be contributed to the chitosan–oil coating. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage contents in chitosan–oil-coated peppers were increased but were still lower than in control samples. Atomic force microscopy images showed that the surface of sweet pepper without coating treatment was rougher than that of peppers treated with chitosan–oil coating. Our study suggests that chitosan–oil coating might be a promising candidate for enhancing the keeping quality of sweet peppers.     

Antioxidant effect of essential oils of rosemary,clove and cinnamon on hazelnut and poppy oils

Antioxidant effects of essential oils from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) were determined on hazelnut and poppy oils. These essential oils were added to the oils at concentrations of 0.25% and 0.5%. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) at 0.02% level served as standard besides the control groups for comparison. The samples were stored 50 °C in darkness for 14 days. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was determined by measuring peroxide values (meq O₂/kg oil) at regular intervals. On the basis of peroxide value assay, the essential oils showed stronger antioxidant effect when compared to control groups. BHA was more effective than the essential oils, whilst it exhibited no antioxidative effect on the first few days of storage. Amongst the investigated essential oils, the cinnamon oil was the most effective on retarding lipid oxidation of crude oils, which was followed by clove and rosemary oils.     

Improved water resistance of particleboards bonded with glutaraldehyde-blended UF resin

One-layer particleboards were bonded with a UF-glutaraldehyde adhesive system. It was shown that 5 wt % of the glutaric aldehyde in the glue mix can reduce swelling and absorptivity of the boards without deterioration of their mechanical parameters below the requirements of the respective standards.     

丁香油微胶囊的制备及表征

以明胶和海藻酸钠为壁材,采用复凝聚法对丁香油进行包覆,通过喷雾干燥法得到干燥的微胶囊产物,研究pH、明胶和海藻酸钠质量比、芯壁质量比、壁材用量、搅拌转速对微胶囊形成的影响,并对微胶囊的缓释性进行研究,采用红外、TG、SEM对优选实验条件下制备得到的微胶囊进行表征.结果表明:经过微胶囊化的丁香油挥发性明显降低,热稳定性大...     

Antimicrobial activity of clove and cinnamon essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes in pasteurized milk

The antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) of cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaf, and clove against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A were studied in semiskimmed milk incubated at 7 degrees C for 14 days and at 35 degrees C for 24 h. The MIC was 500 ppm for cinnamon bark EO and 3,000 ppm for the cinnamon leaf and clove EOs. These effective concentrations increased to 1,000 ppm for cinnamon bark EO, 3,500 ppm for clove EO, and 4,000 ppm for cinnamon leaf EO when the semiskimmed milk was incubated at 35 degrees C for 24 h. Partial inhibitory concentrations and partial bactericidal concentrations were obtained for all the assayed EOs. The MBC was 3,000 ppm for the cinnamon bark EO, 10,500 ppm for clove EO, and 11,000 ppm for cinnamon leaf EO. The incubation temperature did not affect the MBC of the EOs but slightly increased the MIC at 35 degrees C. The increased activity at the lower temperature could be attributed to the increased membrane fluidity and to the membrane-perturbing action of EOs. The influence of the fat content of milk on the antimicrobial activity of EOs was tested in whole and skimmed milk. In milk samples with higher fat content, the antimicrobial activity of the EOs was reduced. These results indicate the possibility of using these three EOs in milk beverages as natural antimicrobials, especially because milk beverages flavored with cinnamon and clove are consumed worldwide and have been increasing in popularity in recent years.     

Dimensional stability of heat oil-cured particleboard made with oil palm trunk and rubberwood

Dimensional stability of heat oil-cured particleboard made with admixture of oil palm trunk and rubberwood was evaluated. Particleboard made with oil palm trunk had better dimensional stability due to better compact ratio and lower hygroscopicity than rubberwood. Combination of repellent properties of oil and application of heat had greatly reduced the hygroscopicity of particleboard by decreasing its equilibrium moisture content, thickness swelling and water absorption.     

肉桂油抑菌效果研究

采用滤纸片法测定抑菌圈,平板划线法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC),以及对单一菌种的气相抑菌实验和对空气中常见菌体的气相抑菌实验,研究了肉桂油对4种细菌、2种酵母、6种霉菌的抑菌活性及其最低抑菌浓度(MIC).结果表明:肉桂油对供试的细菌、酵母、霉菌均有较强的抑菌活性,并且对霉菌的抑菌活性更强一些,且肉桂油即使不直接加入到培养基中,其挥发成分在菌体表面对细菌、真菌和空气中常见菌体也均有较强的抑菌活性.对所有供试菌种的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)小于0.8mL/L,其中黑曲霉的MIC最低,达到0.05m1./L.