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理论分析中庭类商业综合体建筑的火灾烟气特性,计算中庭类商业综合体自然排烟系统排烟口的有效面积,并提出大型商业综合体自然排烟排烟口有效面积的设计理念。以某大型商业综合体为例,采用FDS对基于4MW火灾烟气特性的自然排烟系统的排烟效果进行数值模拟。结果表明:当火源最大热释放速率为4MW时,在该建筑自然排烟系统排烟窗有效面积占中庭地面面积的37.8%时,火灾产生的大部分烟气能够通过顶面自然排烟窗排至室外;各层安全出口附近距离地面2m高度处的烟气在1 800s内均能满足安全疏散的条件;数值模拟与理论预测的排烟效果一致。 相似文献
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《地下空间与工程学报》2020,(Z1)
已有的扁平空间排烟口开启时机研究中排烟口均为同时开启,为探索新型排烟口开启方式,以某小区地下停车场的一个防烟分区为研究对象,利用FDS火灾模拟软件建立模型并模拟,分析各工况烟气蔓延时间、烟气浓度、烟气层高度等数据对比排烟口按照烟气蔓延方向顺序开启与同时开启的排烟效果,并研究排烟口开启阈值与火源位置的影响,得到结论:当火灾发生在远离出口处时,烟气蔓延至下游出口所需时间随排烟口开启阈值增加而缩短,排烟口开启时机对烟气水平方向浓度分布的影响仅表现在烟气扩散至下游出口前;当火灾位置在远离出口处时,设置当烟气蔓延至排烟口位置时排烟口开启,地下停车场5个出口处总烟气单位长度消光率与排烟口同时开启相比低10%/m,250 s至300 s出口处平均烟气层高度高0.11m以上,排烟效果最佳;改变本文地下停车场模型火源位置,烟气蔓延至排烟口位置后开启排烟对烟气浓度分布及烟气层高度控制仍然最好,可见扁平空间内以烟气蔓延至排烟口位置作为排烟口开启条件,排烟效果最佳,且不受火源位置影响。 相似文献
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章福昌 《消防技术与产品信息》2009,(9):20-24
针对某会议中心主门厅排烟方案的设计,运用性能化方法,根据门厅类建筑实际情况,选取自然排烟方案,计算得出排烟口面积、补风口面积等自然排烟参数。通过软件模拟烟气蔓延情况,对主门厅排烟方案进行了验证。结论表明,按照NFPA92B的方法计算得到的自然排烟口面积和模拟计算中设定的自然排烟口位置可以维持烟气在较高的高度,能够达到较好的烟气控制效果,满足消防设计要求。 相似文献
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在分析仓储建筑自然排烟原理和方式的基础上,结合实例进行火灾烟气运动的数值模拟,针对不同的自然排烟方式和自然排烟口面积设置相应的火灾场景,分析仓库自然排烟的一般规律:水平天窗比竖直侧窗排烟稳定,排烟量也较大;在相同排烟口面积的情况下,水平天窗排烟对控制烟气层的下降更为有效;在室内具有竖直排烟口的情况下,屋顶水平排烟口一般不会发生倒吸现象,而采用侧窗竖直排烟时部分侧窗可能变为进风口. 相似文献
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针对某大型体育场馆,基于FDS数值模拟,通过分析烟气层下降特征和温度场特征,研究排烟系统中排烟口位置、排烟口数量以及排烟口气流速度这三个主要参数对排烟效果的影响.结果表明,排烟口设置于顶棚位置,排烟效果较好;在总排烟面积一定的情况下,排烟口数量越多,排烟效果相对越好;对于排烟口气流速度,则需根据具体的场馆参数,找出最佳气流速度,从而实现最好的排烟效果. 相似文献
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采用热烟试验方法研究某地下大空间步行街区采用自然排烟模式的有效性。火源面积为 2 m2 ,火源的功率约为1 500 kW,设置 3 处典型火源位置。结果表明,在自然排烟模式下,大部分烟气在热浮力作用下通过火源上方的自然排烟口排出至室外,仅在局部区域产生少量烟气的聚集、沉降现象。在模拟计算的人员疏散时间内,疏散路径及疏散出口能见度高,总体控烟排烟效果明显,烟气流动沿程的温度变化对人员疏散行为的影响不明显。 相似文献
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以某已建大型建筑综合体内中庭式建筑为研究对象,采用大涡模拟的方法研究了该高大中庭内分别设置自然排烟和机械排烟系统时的烟气控制效果。自然排烟开口面积按中庭地面面积5%计算,同时考虑了夏季高温环境对烟气运动的影响。机械排烟系统包括建筑内首层排烟、中庭中部排烟以及中庭顶部排烟三个部分,通过对中庭内温度场、速度场和排烟口处CO浓度的分析,得到了高大中庭建筑结构内的最佳排烟方案。 相似文献
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以上海市某地下两层岛式地铁站作为研究对象,采用FDS软件对站台区域火灾进行了数值模拟.分析了站台层公共区域火灾在喷淋系统与排烟系统耦合作用下的烟气层特性.通过解析火灾区域内2.0 m高处的温度、烟气层高度、能见度以及喷淋区域内各排烟口流速等相关火灾参数的变化规律,探讨地铁站火灾时自喷系统和排烟系统的相互影响,并确认喷淋... 相似文献
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The Fire Dynamics Simulator code is used to investigate the smoke movement in an atrium under fire scenario. At first, by comparing with experimental data of the atrium fire under low and high heat release rates, reasonable model constants of Cs and Prt and appropriate grid system are determined for simulating smoke movement in the atrium, the simulation results are in good agreement with those experimental data. Then, the performance of different smoke exhaust methods in the atrium is studied. Smoke filling processes are investigated under different natural and enhanced smoke exhaust methods. Simulated results show that natural smoke exhaust method is preferred when the smoke exhaust vents are located at the ceiling of the atrium. On the other hand, when the smoke exhaust vents are located on the walls of the atrium, the higher positions of the smoke exhaust vents are preferred. In addition, the influence of the fire source locations on the smoke spreading process is presented in this paper, three kinds of fire source locations are studied, they are central fire, side wall fire and corner fire. Results indicate that the descending process of the smoke layer is the slowest when the fire source is at the corner of the atrium. 相似文献
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通过数值模拟,研究了开窗角度对上、下悬窗排烟能力的影响,主要从排烟量、排烟口压力和速度、主要排烟区域等方面对上、下悬窗排烟能力进行对比分析,结果表明:下悬窗排烟效率明显高于上悬窗,相同开窗角度和火源功率下,下悬窗能比上悬窗多排出52%~61%的烟气。上悬窗相对排烟量与开窗角度成指数关系,窗体结构会阻碍烟气排出,开窗角度小于64°时,主要排烟区域为窗体两侧三角形区域;下悬窗相对排烟量与开窗角度关系不大,窗体结构对排烟有利,开窗角度小于56°时,主要排烟区域为近窗下侧水平区域,随着开窗角度增大,上、下悬窗主要排烟区域均过渡到远窗下侧竖直区域。建筑选择排烟窗时建议优先选用下悬窗,开窗角度30°即可,若选用上悬窗,则开窗角度不宜小于60°。 相似文献
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合理的水喷淋设计参数及排烟策略,可保证隧道有效排烟和烟气层的稳定性,为人员安全疏散提供有利环境。为研究侧部排烟模式下烟气失稳临界状态时最佳喷水流量和排烟口设计参数,采用FDS 对15 MW 火灾规模下,不同喷水流量、排烟量、排烟口间距及排烟口高度下19 组工况进行模拟计算。结果表明:喷淋流量越大,烟气层高度越高,隧道整体温度降低,改变喷水流量对控制烟气层的稳定性效益不大,隧道空间内有烟气滞留;排烟量为70 m3/s、排烟口间距为50 m、排烟口高度为3.2 m 或4.0 m 为烟气层稳定临界状态时的排烟口最佳参数,此时侧部抽吸力向上的分力与烟气的热浮力大于水喷淋拽曳力,烟气层较稳定,隧道空间内无旋涡烟气滞留,有利于排烟和人员疏散。 相似文献
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The performance efficiency of natural smoke ventilation in atria spaces are influenced greatly by several design decisions such as atrium shape, height, size and openings location. This paper investigates the impact of atrium shape (horizontal profile) on smoke ventilation performance in naturally ventilated atria. Three different configurations (square, rectangular and triangular prism) with the same area, height, and hence, volume were tested. The smoke ventilation performance is being assessed in terms of smoke filling time using a computational fire dynamic simulator (FDS). FDS is used to simulate the natural smoke filling resulting from atrium fire in the three configurations. The smoke layer interface height as a function of time and soot mass fraction and temperature as a function of height have been registered during the simulation. The predicted transport lag time for initial formation of the smoke layer beneath the ceiling (ceiling jet) was compared for the three tests. In order to test sensitivity of the shapes, all other parameters were designed to be similar in the three tests, and the same fire scenario was applied including inlet and outlet area, and fire size and location. The results showed that the rectangular configuration contributes better to smoke ventilation, and that the triangular configuration is the most critical in terms of smoke filling time, followed by the square configuration. 相似文献
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In order to mitigate the excessive computational cost of atrium fire simulations, a novel methodology based on the use of the Fractional Factorial Design technique to obtain an experimental validated tool, in the form of a surface response model, capable to predict fire induced conditions is proposed. This methodology is supported by results from a Design of Experiments benchmark, which consists of a set of FDS simulations in the present work. Specifically, a \(2^{6-2}_{IV}\) approach has been considered and applied to a 20 m cubic atrium. Thus, six factors have been considered, namely the fire Heat Release Rate (HRR) and location, the exhaust flow rate, the exhaust location and activation time, and the inlet vents area. Furthermore, the smoke temperature at the roof and 15 m high and the smoke layer height have been considered the variables of interest. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression analysis has been performed to predict and compare the steady and non-steady temperature profiles and the smoke layer drop with six novel full-scale atrium fire tests, and also with specific adjusted FDS models. In addition, this methodology has been extended successfully to predict the non-steady behaviour of the fire tests. At the steady state, the HRR and the exhaust flow rate have been found to be the most relevant factors. The results obtained with the proposed methodology show a good fit both with the fire tests and with the adjusted FDS models, with discrepancies mostly below 14%. For non-steady conditions, a time analysis of the influence of the six factors has been carried out. Again, remarkable good agreement with the time-dependent experimental results is achieved, with average discrepancies below 12%, being the larger differences found in the prediction of local effects, such as the smoke ceiling jet, for high HRR or when the make-up air influence is significant. The results turn this methodology into a powerful and useful tool for fire safety designs. 相似文献
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通过数值计算,研究顶部开口自然通风隧道火灾火源–竖井间距对烟气流动特征与竖井排烟效率的影响。考虑因素有火源–竖井间距、竖井断面尺寸。结果表明:随着火源–竖井间距的增大,竖井前方来流烟气的质量流量增大,且竖井的排烟效率逐渐降低,竖井内空气卷吸量减少;当火源–竖井间距较小时,竖井更有利于排出更多的热量,竖井后方的温度降低幅度更大,烟气可以被控制在更小的范围内。此外,随着竖井截面尺寸的增大,竖井的排烟效率增加,且增大竖井的宽度更有利于增加竖井的排烟量。因此建议当相邻竖井的间距较大时,可适当增加竖井的截面尺寸和竖井高度。 相似文献