一种基于双边滤波的图像边缘检测方法

提出了一种基于双边滤波的图像边缘检测方法。利用图像像素的空间邻近度和灰度相似度的乘积来代替传统的Canny算法中高斯滤波的权系数,用该乘积与原图像进行卷积运算,然后通过非极大值抑制和高低阈值的方法检测出图像的边缘。基于双边滤波的图像边缘检测方法不仅有效地去除了图像中的噪声,而且很好地检测出了图像的真实边缘。     

灰度极限脉冲耦合神经网络混合噪声滤波

针对图像中同时存在椒盐噪声和高斯噪声,提出一种基于灰度极限和脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)滤除混合噪声的新方法。首先,根据灰度极值定位出椒盐噪声点;其次,在滤波窗口中对椒盐噪声点进行均值滤波;然后,利用PCNN赋时矩阵定位出高斯噪声点;最后,自适应调整可变灰度步长,选择不同滤波方法滤除高斯噪声。实验结果表明提出的算法较常见的混合噪声滤波方法在主观滤波效果和客观评价指标峰值信噪比(PSNR)及信噪比改善因子(ISNR)两方面均有明显的优势。     

New Riemannian techniques for directional and tensorial image data

This paper develops new geometrical filtering and edge detection algorithms for processing non-Euclidean image data. We view image data as residing on a Riemannian manifold, and we work with a representation based on the exponential map for this manifold together with the Riemannian weighted mean of image data. We show how the weighted mean can be efficiently computed using Newton's method, which converges faster than the gradient descent method described elsewhere in the literature. Based on geodesic distances and the exponential map, we extend the classical median filter and the Perona-Malik anisotropic diffusion technique to smooth non-Euclidean image data. We then propose an anisotropic Gaussian kernel for image filtering, and we also show how both the median filter and the anisotropic Gaussian filter can be combined to develop a new edge preserving filter, which is effective at removing both Gaussian noise and impulse noise. By using the intrinsic metric of the feature manifold, we also generalise Di Zenzo's structure tensor to non-Euclidean images for edge detection. We demonstrate the applications of our Riemannian filtering and edge detection algorithms both on directional and tensor-valued images.     

Data mining based noise diagnosis and fuzzy filter design for image processing

In image processing, both diagnosis of noise types and filter design are critical. Conventional filtering techniques for image restoration such as median filter and mean filter are not effective in many cases, such as the case lacking the information of noise types or the case having mixed noise in images. This paper develops a data mining approach for noise type diagnosis, and proposes a fuzzy filter design for enhancing the quality of noise corrupted images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms the conventional filters, particularly for dealing with the images corrupted by mixed noise with additive Gaussian noise and impulse noise.     

Fuzzy based Impulse Noise Reduction Method

In this paper, we propose an image filtering technique based on fuzzy logic control to remove impulse noise for low as well as highly corrupted images. The proposed method is based on noise detection, noise removal and edge preservation modules. The main advantage of the proposed technique over the other filtering techniques is its superior noise removal as well as detail preserving capability. Based on the criteria of peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and subjective evaluation measure we have found experimentally that the proposed method provides much better performance than the state-of-the-art filters. To analyze the detail preservation capability of the proposed filter sensitivity analysis is performed by changing the detail preservation module to see its effects on the details (texture and edge information) of resultant image. This sensitivity analysis proves experimentally that significant image details have been preserved by the proposed method.     

基于高斯调制二维正弦曲面滤波器的指纹增强算法

针对指纹图像的纹理特征,深入分析了指纹图像 的纹理结构及与二维正弦曲面模式的相似性,构造设计了二维正弦曲面滤波器。为了降低边际噪声对滤波器性能的影响,提升滤波器的滤波增强效果,采用二维高斯函数对二维正弦曲面滤波器进行调制,最终构建了高斯调制二维正弦曲面滤波器,设计实现了基于该滤波器的指纹增强算法。分组实验结果表明,文中提出的基于高斯调制二维正弦曲面滤波器的指纹增强 算法能够有效地提高指纹图像的质量,对普遍存在于低质量指纹图像中的断线、疤痕和粘连等强噪声区域的增强效果更好。     

Gaussian filters for nonlinear filtering problems

We develop and analyze real-time and accurate filters for nonlinear filtering problems based on the Gaussian distributions. We present the systematic formulation of Gaussian filters and develop efficient and accurate numerical integration of the optimal filter. We also discuss the mixed Gaussian filters in which the conditional probability density is approximated by the sum of Gaussian distributions. A new update rule of weights for Gaussian sum filters is proposed. Our numerical tests demonstrate that new filters significantly improve the extended Kalman filter with no additional cost, and the new Gaussian sum filter has a nearly optimal performance     

Switching-based filter based on Dempster’s combination rule for image processing

In this work, a two-pass switching rank-ordered arithmetic mean (TSRAM) filter that preserves image details while effectively suppressing impulse noise is proposed to improve the performance of switching-based median filters. The proposed filter mechanism includes an efficient impulse detector based on the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory and a rank-ordered arithmetic mean filter that works by estimating the noise-free ordered mean values excluding the current pixel. A modified Dempster’s combination rule is applied to the impulse detector. To improve filtering performance, a simple switching median filter is included to perform second-pass filtering. Experimental results show that the proposed filter outperforms many well-accepted switching-based median filters in terms of both noise suppression and detail preservation, providing excellent robustness at various percentages of impulse noise.     

改进的方向自适应中值滤波器在注塑产品图像预处理中的应用

分析了将现有方向自适应中值滤波器算法应用到注塑产品图像预处理过程中遇到的问题。结合注塑产品图像预处理对于滤波器性能的要求,提出了一种改进的方向自适应中值滤波器算法,通过噪声检测和区域检测实现了对图像中各像素点特性的判别,进而根据各像素点自身特性的不同,有的放矢地确定相应的滤波处理方法。在有效抑制注塑产品图像中噪声的同时,提高了算法的边缘保护能力,大幅缩减了计算用时,很好地满足了注塑产品图像预处理的要求。仿真实验表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于小波变换和中值滤波的Canny边缘检测算法

传统的Canny边缘检测算法采用的是高斯平滑,用来去除图像中的计算噪声,这种去噪方法虽然对抑制高斯噪声效果较好,但对脉冲噪声等的去除并不理想。针对这一问题,提出了用小波变换与中值滤波相结合的方法取代了传统的高斯滤波法,并对平滑后的图像作图像增强。实验表明,该方法有效地提高了边缘检测的准确性,得到了比较理想的边缘检测效果。     

一种基于排序阈值的开关中值滤波方法

提出了一种基于排序阈值的开关中值滤波方法以克服图像滤波中去噪与细节保护的矛盾。该方法利用滤波窗口内像素点的排序信息，在极值中值滤波方法的基础上，将受脉冲噪声污染图像中的像素点进一步分为噪声点、边缘细节区和平坦区3种类型。通过对多种图像测试的统计结果，获得合适的分类器参数，然后利用类型判决，进行开关中值滤波，即对噪声点和平坦区进行中值滤波以得到良好的噪声滤除效果，而对边缘细节区不做处理以获得良好的细节保护效果。比较了标准中值滤波、极值中值滤波和本方法的结果。实验结果表明，本方法具有更好的效果。     

A statistical and Wiener filtering algorithm based on the curvelet transform for SAR images

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images contain many kinds of noise. Speckle noise is multiplicative noise generated by the coherent imaging processes involved in SAR images and brings a great hindrance to the interpretation and application of SAR images, so it is considered the first major kind of noise in SAR images. SAR images also contain other incoherent additive noises generated by other factors, such as Gaussian noise, which are all considered the second major kind of noise. In order to reduce the impact of noise as much as possible, after an in-depth study of SAR imaging and noise-generating mechanism, curvelet transform principle, and Wiener filtering characteristic, a novel filtering method, here called the statistical and Wiener based on curvelet transform (SWCT) method is proposed. The SWCT algorithm processes two different kinds noise based on their properties. Specifically, it establishes a two-tiered filtering framework. For the first kind of noise, the algorithm uses the curvelet transform to decompose the SAR image and uses the statistical characteristics of the SAR image to generate an adaptive filtering threshold of the coefficients of decomposition to recover the original image. Then it filters every sub-band image at each decomposed scale and performs the inverse curvelet transform. The second kind of noise is directly filtered using the Wiener filter in the SWCT algorithm. Using the two-tiered filtering model and fully exploiting statistical characteristics, the SWCT algorithm not only reduces the amount of coherent speckle noise and incoherent noise effectively but also retains the edges and geometric details of the original SAR image. This is very good for target detection, classification, and recognition. Qualitative and quantitative tests were performed using simulated speckle noise, Gaussian noise, and real SAR images. The proposed SWCT algorithm was found to remove noise effectively and the performance of the algorithm was tested and compared to the mean filter, enhanced gamma-MAP (maximum a posterior probability) filter, wavelet transform filter, Wiener filter, and curvelet transform filter. Experiments carried out on real SAR images confirmed that the new method has a good filtering effect and can be used on different SAR images.     

A new gaussian noise filter based on interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems

In this paper, a new selective feedback fuzzy neural network (SFNN) based on interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems is introduced by partitioning input and output spaces and based upon which a new FLS filter is further studied. The experimental results demonstrate that this new FLS filter outperforms other filters (e.g. the mean filter and the Wiener filter) in suppressing Gaussian noise and maintaining the original structure of an image.     

图像引导滤波的局部多尺度Retinex算法

Retinex算法是一种用于消除由光照变化给图像所带来的负面影响的图像增强算法。该算法的求解通常需要基于入射分量分段光滑的假设,利用正则化的方法迭代求解,计算效率低。文中基于一项最近提出的研究——"图像引导滤波",提出一种非迭代的Retinex算法框架。基于反射分量也满足分段光滑的假设,采用两次图像引导滤波克服了图像噪声所带来的影响。然后在基于小波变换域图像融合策略的基础上,提出基于图像引导滤波的多尺度Retinex算法,实现图像细节增强与颜色保真之间的平衡。实验结果表明,与各种算法相比,该算法在克服噪声、细节增强和颜色保真方面能够取得更好的效果。     

基于高斯马尔可夫随机场的MAP估计在高斯噪声滤波中的应用

提出了基于高斯马尔可夫随机场(GMRF)的最大后验概率(MAP)估计在图像高斯噪声滤波中的应用方法。根据高斯噪声的先验特点,建立基于高斯马尔可夫随机场的退化图像恢复模型,从而将图像高斯噪声滤波问题转化为求解最大后验概率问题。先验概率可以根据马尔可夫随机场(MRF)和吉布斯分布(GD)的等效性, 用GD的概率估计。为了求解最大后验概率,第一,通过期望最大化(EM）算法对GMRF模型进行参数估计。第二,用共轭梯度法将目标函数最小化。实验结果表明,与其他滤波器（如高斯滤波、维纳滤波等）相比,本文所阐述的方法在滤除高斯噪声、保持图像原有结构方面效果更好。     

Adaptive two-pass median filter based on support vector machines for image restoration

In this letter, a novel adaptive filter, the adaptive two-pass median (ATM) filter based on support vector machines (SVMs), is proposed to preserve more image details while effectively suppressing impulse noise for image restoration. The proposed filter is composed of a noise decision maker and two-pass median filters. Our new approach basically uses an SVM impulse detector to judge whether the input pixel is noise. If a pixel is detected as a corrupted pixel, the noise-free reduction median filter will be triggered to replace it. Otherwise, it remains unchanged. Then, to improve the quality of the restored image, a decision impulse filter is put to work in the second-pass filtering procedure. As for the noise suppressing both fixed-valued and random-valued impulses without degrading the quality of the fine details, the results of our extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed filter outperforms earlier median-based filters in the literature. Our new filter also provides excellent robustness at various percentages of impulse noise.     

新的强高斯噪声自适应滤波方法

为有效去除严重的高斯噪声、更好地保护图像细节,提出了一种基于改进脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN）的自适应去噪方法。根据PCNN神经元的点火捕获特性,定位受强噪声污染的像素,并采用类中值滤波对强噪声点进行滤除;基于无连接脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNNNI）的点火时刻矩阵自适应选择滤波方法平滑弱噪声点。实验结果表明,与传统去噪方法相比,该方法噪声去除效果好,图像细节保持完整,而且系统具有一定的泛化能力。     

A multi-threshold adaptive filtering—an al approach to image enhancement

There is a compromise between noise removal and texture preservation in image enhancement. It is difficult to perform image enhancement, using only one simple filter, for a real world image which may consist of many different regions. This article studies the intelligent aspect of filtering algorithms and describe a multi-threshold adaptive filter (MTA filter) for solving this problem. the MTA filter uses a generalized gradient function and a local variance function, which provides the local contextual information as evidence to determine the nature of the filtering for each local neighborhood. A knowledge-based presegmentation procedure is presented. It applies a threshold operation to extract the local evidence. A belief function is used to combine different evidence and to determine the local filtering strategies. In this way, several simple filters can be combined to form a more efficient and more flexible context dependent filter. As a result, specific filtering is only applied to the region for which it is suitable. Thus, a balanced texture preserving and noise removal effect can be simultaneously achieved.     

Dissimilar pixel counting based impulse detector for two-phase mixed noise removal

Mixed noise is a challenging noise model due to its statistical complexity. A new two-phase denoising method based on an impulse detector using dissimilar pixel counting is proposed in this paper. This method consists of two stages: detection and filtering. For the detection phase, average difference scheme is proposed to distinguish whether two neighboring pixels are similar or not, and then the number of dissimilar pixels is compared with a threshold to locate the outlier point in noisy image. An iterative framework is used for detection accuracy with the least numbers of iteration. For the filtering phase, an extended trilateral filter is used to remove the mixture of Gaussian and impulse noise, which are treated differently depending on the guidance matrix from the detection phase. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits better noise detection capability and outperforms many existing two-phase mixed noise removal methods in both quantitative evaluation and visual quality.

     

Nonlinear filtering structure for image smoothing in mixed-noise environments

This paper introduces a new nonlinear filtering structure for filtering image data that have been corrupted by both impulsive and nonimpulsive additive noise. Like other nonlinear filters, the proposed filtering structure uses order-statistic operations to remove the effects of the impulsive noise. Unlike other filters, however, nonimpulsive noise is smoothed by using a maximum a posteriori estimation criterion. The prior model for the image is a novel Markov random-field model that models image edges so that they are accurately estimated while additive Gaussian noise is smoothed. The Markov random-field-based prior is chosen such that the filter has desirable analytical and computational properties. The estimate of the signal value is obtained at the unique minimum of the a posteriori log likelihood function. This function is convex so that the output of the filter can be easily computed by using either digital or analog computational methods. The effects of the various parameters of the model will be discussed, and the choice of the predetection order statistic filter will also be examined. Example outputs under various noise conditions will be given.