旋风分离器分离性能的数值模拟与分析

以XLPB-5.0和XCX-5.0两种旋风分离器为原型,采用CFD软件对这两种旋风分离器进行了流场与分离效率的数值模拟,初步探讨了入口蜗壳形式与芯管结构对分离效率的影响。模拟结果显示:旋风分离器内流场呈各向异性分布特点,切向速度是影响分离效率的首要因素,径向速度的存在会造成"流场短路"现象,使轴向速度呈不对称分布,导致分离效率的降低。轴向速度与径向速度的共同作用促使颗粒在旋风分离器内做螺旋运动;XLPB-5.0和XCX-5.0的分离效率分别为92.55%和94.96%,与实验结果基本吻合,且不同芯管参数下XCX型的分离效率比XLPB型高;螺旋式入口蜗壳(XCX-5.0型)对旋风分离器上部流场的影响相比直流式入口蜗壳(XLPB-5.0型)复杂;对于两种旋风分离器,随着芯管直径的增大,分离效率逐渐变小;随着芯管深度的增大,分离效率先增大后减小。     

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of a Dual‐Stage Cyclone Separator

Cyclone separators can be utilized in parallel to increase particle collection efficiency. However, this leads to a maldistribution problem that causes separation performance deterioration. To improve the flow distribution, a dual‐stage multicyclone separator (DSCS) was designed, containing a tangential‐inlet circle pathway cyclone array, an axial‐inlet radiation pathway cyclone array, and a cylindrical outer chamber. Experimental and computational fluid dynamics results revealed the gas‐particle flow distribution through multicyclone arrays. Effects of flow distribution on particle deposition were investigated experimentally. Particle trajectories inside the cyclone separators were also observed. The multicyclone array proved to generate a uniform inlet velocity distribution. The proposed cyclone separator can be considered as an option to accomplish dilute gas‐particle separation.     

天然气净化用多管旋风分离器的分离性能

为了系统评价天然气净化用多管旋风分离器的分离性能,在线测量了入口气速6~24 m/s、入口颗粒浓度30~2000 mg/m3范围内多管旋风分离器的分离效率和分级效率. 结果表明,多管旋风分离器的分离效率和分级效率都随入口气速和入口颗粒浓度增大而提高. 与单管旋风分离器相比,在相同实验条件下,多管旋风分离器的分离效率下降2%~15%;单管旋风分离器基本能除净粒径大于10 mm的颗粒,而多管旋风分离器只能去除15 mm以上的颗粒. 多管旋风分离器的压降主要是内部单管旋风分离器的压降,占整个压降的80%~90%.     

局部磨损对α型旋风分离器内流场及分离性能的影响

以α型旋风分离器为研究对象,基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法,采用雷诺应力模型（RSM）、颗粒离散相模型（DPM）、E/CRC磨损方程对分离器内流场与磨损特性进行数值模拟。通过分析速度矢量、切向速度、颗粒运动轨迹等参数的分布规律,研究了局部磨损对设备内流场及分离性能的影响。结果表明,α型旋风分离器入口正对壁面磨损最为严重,最大磨损率约为1.4×10^-5kg/(m²·s)。磨损引起壁面几何结构的改变,导致气流方向发生偏转,不利于主流的稳定与固体颗粒的分离。随局部磨损的加剧,排气管下口短路流急剧增大,从而导致排气管下口以下区域流体流量减少,外涡切向速度降低;细颗粒的逃逸现象更加明显,粗颗粒运动轨迹趋于重合,更易形成高浓度灰环加剧壁面磨损。与未磨损时相比,局部磨损厚度50mm时,3μm粒径颗粒的分离效率由74.38%降低至54.97%,分割粒径d₅₀由0.73μm增大至2.36μm;设备压降降低了约15.41%。     

旋风分离器分离效率影响因素分析

采用ANSYS-FLUENT数值模拟,分析了旋风分离器内压力分布和流场速度分布,对比不同气速和不同圆柱直径对旋风分离器分离率的影响。结果表明：旋风分离器的分离效率在一定范围内会随着气速的增大而增加,达到一定值后分离效率会降低;针对一种新型旋风筒结构,将其圆筒直径从5.8 m减小到5.0 m,旋风分离器的分离效率提高。     

Experimental investigations on a cyclone separator performance at an extremely low particle concentration

In order to evaluate the influence of extremely low particle concentration on separation performance of cyclone separator, the overall collection efficiencies and grade efficiencies of a cyclone separator with particle concentrations of 5-2000 mg/m³ and inlet velocities of 6-30 m/s have been investigated under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. Aerosol spectrometer based on measuring particle number is used to measure the particle concentrations and particle size distributions of the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator. The overall efficiency is equal to the ratio of the particle concentration difference between the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator to the inlet particle concentration. The grade efficiency is obtained by comparing the particle size distributions of the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator. The effects of particle concentration on separation performance are predicted by Smolik empirical model. Particle agglomeration, which has been found in the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator, has a very important influence on the collection efficiencies and grade efficiencies of the cyclone separator at the particle concentration of 5-2000 mg/m³. The cut sizes for different inlet gas velocity with extremely low particle concentration can be quantitatively calculated by Barth model, Mothes and Loffer model and Muschelknautz model, respectively. Experimental results show that the overall collection efficiencies and grade efficiencies increased with the increasing particle concentrations and inlet velocities, and most of the particles with the diameter bigger than 10 μm can be removed by cyclone separator.     

轴对称进口回转通道对旋风分离器分离特性影响的研究

针对单进口旋风分离器内气流轴不对称问题,将单进口旋风分离器入口方式改造为轴对称型回转通道形式（即采用双进口与单进口等长通道长度的新型切向进气方式）,从旋风分离器的进风量、入口含尘量及阻力损失等方面,分析了轴对称型进口回转通道对旋风分离器分离特性的影响。分级分离效率的试验与计算结果表明,新型旋风分离器的分离性能不仅优于单进口,而且稍优于Ｓｔａｉｒｍａｎｄ高效旋风分离器     

输气站场多管旋风分离器流场分析

为了系统评价输气站场用多管导叶式旋风分离器的分离性能,模拟计算了入口速度7~27 m/s、颗粒密度1000~5000 kg/m3、颗粒浓度2.5~2500 g/m3、操作压力1~5 MPa条件下21管旋风分离器的分离效率和压降. 结果表明,多管旋风分离器的压降主要来自单管压降,约占整个压降的80%~90%,旋风子单独使用和并联使用时其流场分布规律相同,沿轴向对称分布,中心涡核处压力最低;分离效率和压降均随入口速度增大而增加,粒径为1~10 mm的固体颗粒分离效率从30.57%增加到63.86%,压降从9053 Pa增加到116864 Pa,在入口速度7~27 m/s范围内基本能除尽粒径大于6 mm的颗粒;随颗粒密度增加,分离效率增大,压降几乎不变;操作压力增大分离效率降低,而压降略增加. 各单管间进气量波动均不超过5%.     

天然气脱蜡旋风分离器分离效率的模拟

旋风分离器分离效率高,不易堵塞,用于天然气脱蜡效果显著。通过CFD软件Fluent模拟CYG-S型天然气脱蜡旋风分离器的两相流场,得到了旋风分离器内的压力、切向速度、轴向速度分布。对比了不同入口速度下的模拟与理论计算的分割粒径x50,发现具有很好的吻合度,两相模拟有一定的可靠性。结果表明：在旋风分离器锥段底部靠近壁面处的石蜡液滴质量浓度较高;随着进口流量的增加,旋风分离器分离效率提高,当进口流量为1000 m3/h时,x50可以达到5.3 μm;大粒径液滴的分离效果明显,但在所研究的进口流量范围内,进口流量的变化不能明显地影响粒径小于5 μm液滴的分离效率;柱段和锥段长度的增加使得旋风分离器的整体长度增加,延长了液滴在旋风分离器内的停留时间,提高了旋风分离器的分离效率。     

旋风分离器入口结构改进及其对“短路流量”的影响

常规切向进口旋风分离器的气流进入旋风分离器后必定要经过排气芯管外壁和筒体内壁之间,因此不可避免会使得相当一部分气流没有经过分离空间而直接从排气芯管底部排出(短路流量),这也是影响旋风分离器分离效率的重要因素之一。在前人工作的基础上,对旋风分离器的进口结构进行了改进:使得旋风分离器的入口具有一定截面角,并借助数值计算技术,分别对传统的和具有一定入口截面角旋风分离器内的三维流场进行了数值模拟,计算了芯管底部的"短路流量",结果表明:进口具有一定截面角可以明显减小芯管底部的"短路流量",这对改善旋风分离器的分离效率具有重要的实际意义。     

Numerical simulation of effect of inlet configuration on square cyclone separator performance

This paper presents a numerical study of the gas-solid flow in square cyclone separators with three types of inlet configuration. Three-dimensional Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) was used to simulate the turbulent flow of gas phase and a Lagrangian equation was used to simulate the particle motion. The resulting velocity, separation efficiency and pressure drops were verified by comparison with measured data. The effect of inlet configurations on the turbulent dynamics in the cyclone and the separation efficiency and pressure drop was analyzed. Results showed that inlet configurations influenced the turbulent dynamics in the cyclone and led to different pressure drop and separation efficiency. The separator with double declining inlets (DDI) had the minimum pressure drop and similar efficiency to the separator with double normal inlets (DNI). The separator with single normal inlet (SNI) had the best separation efficiency and the maximum pressure drop. When a baffle was installed in the inlet of separator SNI, the pressure drop increased by about 191% and 34% for the separator with a straight (SNI-1) and curved (SNI-2) baffle respectively on the basis of the pressure drop of separator SNI. The cut and critical diameter of particles were 2 μm and 14 μm for separator SNI-1 and 4 μm and 14 μm for separator SNI-2, while they were 8 μm and 30 μm for separator SNI at the same inlet conditions.     

液液旋流分离器的数值模拟研究进展

旋流分离器是近年来发展非常迅速的液液分离设备,其主要优点是高效、节能、占地面积少且成本低,工业应用广泛。数值模拟是液液旋流分离器研发与研究的重要手段。本工作系统地介绍了目前液液旋流分离器在数值模拟中的研究进展,详细地分析了数值模拟过程中旋流分离器模型的选择、几何结构和操作参数的改变对分离效率和流场的影响及最终的评价指标,并对几何结构和操作参数改变提出了见解,对液滴破碎和聚并、旋涡的数值模拟及开发新的公式评价分离效率进行了展望。     

环流式旋风除尘器内流场的数值模拟

采用 CFD 模拟软件 Fluent 6.2 提供的雷诺应力模型(RSM)对环流式旋风除尘器内的流场进行了数值模拟研究.并与热线热膜风速仪实验测试结果进行了比较.模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合.结果表明:环流式旋风除尘器特殊的流路设计,避免了内外旋涡的相互干扰,增强了旋转速度,规整了流形,减小了强湍流对性能的影响,消除了旋风除尘器易产生的短路流和二次返混,提高了除尘效率,降低了设备的压降.通过对影响除尘器性能的局部涡进行分析,为进一步优化结构提供了参考依据.     

SLK分离器数值模拟及实验研究

为了改进旋风分离器的分级除尘效率和压力损失等性能指标,对SLK高效低阻分离器的分离过程进行分析,并采用FLUENT软件对旋风分离器的结构参数和操作参数进行数值模拟。通过分析分离器内轴向速度、切向速度与不同颗粒运动轨迹的关系,得到了分离器的关键尺寸和压力控制参数。设计试制了SLK旋风分离器样机并进行了测试分析。该分离器能获得较高的分离效率,并且压力损失比同型号分离器小100～400 Pa,可以作为中、小型水泥厂或其它行业的除尘设备使用。     

一种新型旁路式直流旋风分离器的性能研究

针对传统的直流旋风分离器分离效率低的问题,提出了一种新型旁路式直流旋风分离器。通过模型试验,对比分析了传统的、旁路式和带稳流器的旁路式等三种直流旋风分离器的性能。结果表明,采用旁路和稳流器可显著提高直流旋风分离器的分离效率。进而又通过数值模拟的方法,研究了其内部流场,分析了旁路和稳流器提高直流旋风分离器效率的流体力学机理。     

丙烯腈反应器新型两级旋风分离器大型冷模试验研究

针对丙烯腈装置扩能的要求 ,分析了用新型两级旋风分离器取代原三级旋风分离器的必要性 ,采用PV型和PV E型旋风分离器组成新型两级旋风分离器。根据旋风分离器尺寸分类优化设计法 ,设计了一种工业尺寸规模的两级旋风分离器 ,并将它和Ducon型三级旋风分离器在冷态条件下进行了对比试验。结果表明 ,新型两级旋风分离器不仅性能优异 ,而且结构简单、占据空间小、工作可靠 ,适合现有丙烯腈装置扩能改造的需要。     

双循环旋风分离器除尘机理的数值模拟

双循环旋风分离器通过将主进口设置在筒体中部,将顶部进气口设置为回流口,消除了进气口附近的二次流,避免了短路流,将大于3μm颗粒的分离效率提高至接近100%,并避免了少量11—15μm颗粒的短路逃逸。为了探索该设备的除尘机理,借助CFD软件,通过数值模拟研究的方式,辅助分析了2种进气口在分离性能上不同,传统旋风分离器不能完全分离3—8μm和11—15μm颗粒的机理,以及消除二次流的方法。计算结果表明:当回流气速低于主进气速时,会产生类似于顶端进气口的现象,即二次流、灰环和短路流,降低了小于6μm颗粒的分离效率。当回流气速略大于主进气速时,可以完全消除主进气口附近的二次流,使得所有粒径颗粒的分离效率都较高。模拟结果与实验结果从定性的角度符合较好。     

Numerical simulation and experimental study of gas cyclone–liquid jet separator for fine particle separation

To address the shortcomings of existing particulate matter trapping technology, especially the low separation efficiency of fine particles, herein, a novel gas cyclone–liquid jet separator was developed to research fine particle trapping. First, numerical simulation methods were used to investigate the flow field characteristics and dust removal efficiency of the separator under different working conditions,and to determined suitable experimental conditions for subsequent dust removal experiment...     

丙烯腈反应器三级PV型旋风分离器大型冷模试验研究

针对丙烯腈反应器操作条件 ,运用旋风分离器尺寸分类优化设计理论 ,设计了三级PV型旋风分离器 ,并确定了合理的大型冷模试验方案。试验结果表明 ,三级PV型旋风分离器分离性能优于国外引进的型旋风分离器 ,它可以满足丙烯腈生产的要求。     

Numerical and experimental study on the effect of solid particle sphericity on cyclone pressure drop

The continuous flow inside cyclone separator is usually simulated by solving the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations in Eulerian reference frame whereas the dispersed phase is modeled using Lagrangian approach. Although these methods have had a remarkable success, more advanced ideas are needed to model particulate phase in cyclones, especially the non-spherical shaped particles. Numerical simulation is verified with experimental results for the gas-solid flow in a cyclone separator. Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) employing the RNG-based k–ε turbulence model are used to simulate the gas phase. 3-D particle tracking procedure is used for the solid phase. Three different equations for the drag coefficient are utilized in the numerical modeling to acquire more understanding of the behavior of non-spherical particles in cyclones. Computations resulted in the difference of pressure between the inlet and exit of the cyclone, and results are compared with experimental data. Experiments included measuring the separation efficiency of different shapes and sizes of particles. The results indicate that the CFD simulation can effectively reveal the pressure drop behavior as well as separation efficiency of gas-non-spherical particle flow in cyclone.