Composition and phase structure dependence of mechanical and magnetic properties for AlCoCuFeNix high entropy alloys

In this study, the effects of composition and phase constitution on the mechanical properties and magnetic performance of AlCoCuFeNi_x (x = 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 in molar ratio) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were investigated. The results show that Ni element could lead to the evolution from face centered cubic (FCC), body centered cubic (BCC) and ordered BCC coexisting phase structure to a single FCC phase. The change of phase constitution enhances the plasticity but reduces the hardness and strength. One of the interesting points is the excellent soft magnetic properties of AlCoCuFeNi_x HEAs. Soft magnetic performance is dependent on composition and phase transition. AlCoCuFeNi_1.5 alloy, achieving a better balance of mechanical and magnetic properties, could be applied as structure materials and soft magnetic materials (SMMs). High Curie temperature (>900 K) and strong phase stability below 1350 K of AlCoCuFeNi_0.5 alloy confirm its practicability in a high-temperature environment. Atomic size difference (δ) is utilized as the critical parameter to explain the lattice strain and phase transformation induced by Ni addition.     

In situ diffraction measurements of lattice response due to shock loading, including direct observation of the α–ε phase transition in iron

In situ diffraction is a technique to probe directly the lattice response of materials during the shock loading process. It is used to record diffraction patterns from multiple lattice planes simultaneously. The application of this technique is described for laser-based shock experiments. The approach to analyze in situ wide-angle diffraction data is discussed. This is presented in the context of single crystal [001] iron shock experiments where uniaxial compression of the bcc lattice by up to 6% was observed. Above the α–ε transition pressure, the lattice showed a collapse along the [001] direction by 15–18%. Additional diffraction lines appear that confirm the transformation of the iron crystal from the initial bcc phase to the hcp phase.     

On the kinetics of phase transformations of dried porous vaterite particles immersed in deionized and tap water

Calcium carbonate exists in three allotropic forms: vaterite, aragonite and calcite. Metastable vaterite can be easily transformed into calcite and/or aragonite via different routes. We report how dry vaterite particles transform into aragonite and calcite when they are immersed into DeIonized water (DI) or tap water without additives at different temperature (22, 40 and 60?°C) with and without stirring. We show that the transformation rate of vaterite into more stable crystallographic forms is influenced not only by temperature but also by stirring and water purity. Low temperature, absence of stirring and absence of ions in water significantly slow down the kinetics of transformation of vaterite. Additionally, water purity influences the nature of the allotropic phase obtained after transformation. High temperatures and DI water favor the transformation of vaterite into single crystalline nanowires of aragonite, while tap water yields the transformation of vaterite into calcite. The absence of aragonite in tap water at high temperature can be explained by the presence of sulfate ions, which inhibit the formation of this phase. On the contrary, Mg²⁺ ions tend to stabilize vaterite.     

Lorenz系统中时间序列的相空间重构方法与特性

讨论了单变量非线性时间序列、重构相空间和恢复系统非线性动力学特性的方法。在对Lorenz系统的时间序列进行相空间重构的基础上，提出一种相空间重构新方法，即对重构后的相空间再作K-L变换。采用这种方法可以更多地保留系统信息，并消除重构相空间中各向量的相关性。     

A strategy for simultaneously realizing the cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition and controlling the small size of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals for in vitro cell imaging

Hexagonal-phase NaYF(4):Yb(3+),Er(3+) up-conversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) are synthesized by a combination of refluxing and hydrothermal treatment. This strategy leads to only a slight increase in particle size, from 4.5 to ca. 10 nm, during the cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition. The hexagonal UCNCs can be internalized by HeLa cells and exhibit visible emission in the cells under near-infrared excitation.