Effects of monomer compatibility on sizing properties of feather keratin-g-P(AA-co-MA)

In order to endow feather keratin with good sizing properties for all-polyester or high-polyester yarns, methyl acrylate (MA) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers with a variation in feed molar ratio from 10/90 to 30/70 were grafted onto the molecular chains of native feather keratin under equal monomer concentration. Effects of monomer compatibility of MA/AA on sizing properties of the feather keratin-g-P(AA-co-MA) were studied in terms of apparent viscosity, contact angle of sizing paste on polyester fibers, mechanical properties of sizing film, and adhesion to polyester fibers. It was found that grafting MA & AA monomers with rational compatibility onto the molecular chains of feather keratin was an effective method to improve sizing properties of grafted feather keratin, such as adhesion to polyester fibers and toughness of sizing film. In view of overall performance of the grafted feather keratin sizes, the appropriate feed molar ratio of MA/AA should be 20/80.     

Effects of graft modification on the water solubility,apparent viscosity,and adhesion of feather keratin for warp sizing

Biodegradable and inexpensive sizing agents were developed through graft polymerization of native feather keratin with acrylic acid (AA). Feathers are available in large quantities at low price and more than 80% of them are keratin. However, poor water solubility of native feather keratin under neutral condition greatly limits the use of feather keratin as warp sizes in textile industry. In the investigation, effects of graft modification on the properties of feather keratin were studied in terms of water solubility, apparent viscosity, and adhesion to fibers. It was found that grafting appropriate amounts of AA monomers onto the molecular chains of feather keratin was an effective method to improve the water solubility of feather keratin under neutral condition. The modification could make the grafted feather keratin obtain better sizing properties than native feather keratin and serve for more fiber variety of yarns as a new bio-based sizing agent.     

醋酸酯淀粉在粘胶纱低温上浆中的应用

文章探讨醋酸酯淀粉在热敏感型粘胶经纱低温上浆中应用的可行性,研究了温度对浆液黏度特性以及对粘胶纤维黏附性能的影响,对上浆温度与粘胶经纱的浆纱性能之间的内在联系进行了评价。     

双亲两嵌段接枝淀粉浆料的制备及其上浆性能

为提高淀粉浆料的使用性能,为纺织经纱上浆提供新型接枝淀粉浆料品种,以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为接枝单体,2-溴异丁酯化淀粉(BBES)为大分子引发剂,利用电子转移活化再生催化剂原子转移自由基聚合技术成功制备了双亲两嵌段接枝淀粉[BBES-g-(PAA-b-PBA)].以酸解淀粉、BBES为对比样,探讨了双亲两...     

Effects of starch alkenylsuccinylation on the grafting efficiency,paste viscosity,and film properties of alkenylsuccinylated starch‐g‐poly(acrylic acid)

Commercial cornstarch was alkenylsuccinylated with alkenylsuccinic anhydride to different degrees of substitution (DS) and then the products were graft‐copolymerized with acrylic acid for investigating the effects of starch alkenylsuccinylation on the graft copolymerization with vinyl monomer, as well as on paste viscosity and film properties of alkenylsuccinylated starch‐g‐poly(acrylic acid) (ASS‐g‐PAA). The number of carbon atom of alkenyl in alkenylsuccinates considered was 8 and 12, corresponding to octenylsuccinylation and dodecenylsuccinylation of starch, respectively. The graft copolymerization was accessed by grafting efficiency, grafting ratio, and conversion of monomer to polymer, and the film properties of ASS‐g‐PAA considered included tensile strength, breaking elongation, and work‐to‐break. Experimental results demonstrated that the alkenylsuccinylation showed marked effects on the copolymerization, paste viscosity, and film properties. It resulted in increased grafting efficiency, stable paste viscosity, and strong starch film. Carbon‐chain length of the alkenyl and DS value of the alkenylsuccinates also exhibited evident effects on the copolymerization and film properties. Octenylsuccinylation of starch before the copolymerization was superior to dodecenylsuccinylation in improving the efficiency and film properties. Low levels of octenylsuccinylation could be utilized to increase the efficiency of the copolymerization and improve the properties of starch film.     

Effects of molecular structure of aliphatic dicarboxylic ester on the properties of water-soluble polyester for warp sizing

In order to study the effects of molecular structure of aliphatic dicarboxylic ester (ADE) monomers on sizing properties and biodegradability of water-soluble polyester (WSP), pure aromatic WSP and aliphatic–aromatic water-soluble copolyesters with different ester structure using ADE monomers with various carbon chain lengths were prepared through transesterification–polycondensation. Then, the properties of the WSP were evaluated in terms of viscosity molecular weight, apparent viscosity, viscosity stability, crystallinity, adhesion to polyester fibers, tensile properties of sizing film, COD_cr, and BOD₅. It was found that with the decrease in carbon chain length of ADE monomers, all the sizing properties except tensile elongation of sizing film were improved, while the biodegradability of the copolyester decreased. The aliphatic–aromatic water-soluble copolyester synthesized by dimethyl malonate as ADE monomer exhibits better comprehensive application performance than any other WSP prepared and obtains the ratio of BOD₅/COD_cr about five times as much as the pure aromatic WSP.     

己酸酯淀粉的制备及其上浆性能

为开发适合疏水性纤维特别是聚乳酸纤维经纱上浆的变性淀粉浆料品种,以己酸酐(CA)为酯化剂,通过改变其用量制备了不同取代度的己酸酯淀粉(CS)。对CS颗粒结构进行了红外光谱分析,探究了己酸酯化变性对淀粉浆液性能、浆膜力学性能的影响。结果表明:经己酸酯化变性后,淀粉浆液的黏度热稳定性、淀粉对聚乳酸和涤纶纤维的黏附性及淀粉膜的断裂伸长率均得到了提升,膜的断裂强度有所降低;CS对2种纤维的黏附力,在取代度小于0.025时逐渐提高,且在0.025时取得最大值,然后随取代度增加而有所降低;CS膜的断裂伸长率随取代度增大而提高,断裂强度逐渐降低;CS浆液的黏度热稳定性逐渐降低,但均高于酸解淀粉。     

接枝改性对羽毛蛋白浆料浆纱性能的影响

为解决天然羽毛蛋白在中性条件下水溶性较差而导致其在纺织上浆领域内使用受限的问题,通过将不同质度的亲水性乙烯基单体丙烯酸接枝到天然羽毛蛋白的分子链上,制备出一系列具有不同接枝率且在中性条件下可溶于水或较好地分散于水的羽毛蛋白-丙烯酸接枝共聚物浆料。分别采用天然羽毛蛋白与接枝改性羽毛蛋白对纯棉经纱进行了上浆试验,测试了上浆纱的强伸性、耐磨性及毛羽数量。结果表明,对羽毛蛋白进行接枝改性可显著提高其浆纱性能,与纯棉原纱相比,当选择接枝率为29.72%的羽毛蛋白-丙烯酸接枝共聚物作为上浆材料时,上浆纱的强度提高了24.56%,断裂伸长率仅降低了14.49%,耐磨次数达到原纱的4倍,毛羽数量亦大为降低。     

乙酰乙酸酯化淀粉浆料的制备及其性能

为弥补天然淀粉浆料的性能不足,通过改变双烯酮对酸解淀粉(ATS)的重量比,制备一系列不同取代度的乙酰乙酸酯化淀粉（AAS）。研究了AAS的浆液黏度、浆膜力学性能、黏附性能和浆纱性能。结果表明：乙酰乙酸酯化变性能增强淀粉的浆膜力学性能和对纤维的黏附性能。当取代度在0.014 - 0.085范围内,随着变性程度的增加,AAS的浆膜断裂伸长率和对纤维的黏附性表现出先增大后减小的变化规律,而浆膜断裂强度则表现出先减小后增大的变化规律。当取代度为0.056时,浆膜断裂伸长率达到最大值3.88%,对涤纶纤维、棉纤维的黏附力分别达到最大值137.54 N和69.32 N;AAS作为浆料时,取代度以0.028 - 0.071为宜;AAS比ATS更能提高对13 tex涤/棉（ 65/35）经纱的浆纱性能。     

醋酸一氨基甲酸酯化双变性淀粉在毛纱低温上浆中的应用

研究了以玉米淀粉为原料的醋酸一氨基甲酸酯化双变性淀粉的制备方法,测试了这种双变性淀粉的粘度、粘度热稳定性以及对羊毛纤维的粘附性能,探讨了该淀粉在热敏感型毛纱低温上浆中应用的可行性。结果表明：醋酸一氨基甲酸酯化双变性淀粉能使浆液在温度低至60℃条件下仍具有良好的粘度稳定性;淀粉经复合酯化变性后,能够显著提高对羊毛纤维的粘附性能,浆液温度的降低对粘附力的影响不大;醋酸一氨基甲酸酯化变性能够满足淀粉对羊毛经纱低温上浆的要求。     

田菁胶的接枝改性及其纺织上浆应用

为弥补天然高分子田菁胶的性能缺陷,以田菁胶为原料进行化学改性,探索其是否适宜用作浆料的衍生物.将天然高分子田菁胶通过NaClO氧化降解后与丙烯酸进行接枝,并对其黏度、断裂强度、毛羽指数、耐磨性能等指标进行测试.研究结果表明:改性后胶液稳定性更好,黏度由降解前1％时的1 000 mPa·s降至15 mPa·s左右;该接枝改性田菁胶对涤棉、纯棉的黏附性能更加优异;使用接枝改性田菁胶上浆后的浆纱在断裂强度、断裂伸长率、毛羽指数、耐磨性能等方面都有较大的改善,可应用于纺织上浆.     

辣根过氧化物酶催化淀粉接枝丙烯酸甲酯浆料制备及其上浆性能

为改善淀粉浆液对涤棉混纺纱的黏附性和浆膜的力学性能,采用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)/乙酰丙酮(ACAC)/过氧化氢(H2O2)引发体系,催化酸解淀粉接枝丙烯酸甲酯。通过傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对接枝淀粉进行表征,并分析其流变特性。结果表明,在HRP酶催化作用下丙烯酸甲酯与未糊化酸解淀粉发生接枝共聚反应,且对酸解淀粉结晶度影响不大;淀粉接枝改性后浆液黏度增大,黏弹性增加,呈现更具弹性的流体特征;相比于酸解淀粉,含有柔性接枝支链的淀粉浆液对涤/棉黏附性有明显提高,浆膜断裂伸长率和断裂强度均有增加,力学性能得到改善。     

亚甲基丁二酸交联变性对淀粉浆料性能的影响

为提升淀粉浆料的使用性能,以亚甲基丁二酸(MSA)为交联剂,采用半干法制备了不同交联度的亚甲基丁二酸交联淀粉(MSACLS).对其颗粒结构与表观形貌进行了表征分析,考察了MSA交联变性对淀粉浆液黏度热稳定性、黏附性以及对浆膜力学性能与水溶性的影响.结果表明:这种交联变性能够明显提升淀粉浆液的黏度热稳定性及其对涤纶纤维的...     

微波辅助羧甲基玉米淀粉的制备及其上浆性能

为获得对纯棉高支纱线具有优良上浆效果的浆料,以玉米淀粉为原料,一氯乙酸为醚化剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂,微波辅助制备了一种亲水改性淀粉浆料羧甲基玉米淀粉(CMCS)。借助红外光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜对产物的分子结构和颗粒形态进行分析,并对其理化特性及对纯棉纤维的黏附性进行研究。结果表明：玉米淀粉大分子上成功引入了羧甲基取代基团, CMCS 颗粒出现不同程度破损,完整性遭到破坏;CMCS 的特性黏数和表观黏度降低,流动性增强,其溶解性、膨胀性和糊透明度提高,抗凝沉性增强,蓝值下降,直链淀粉发生降解;CMCS 的糊化温度下降,糊化性能和糊加工性能得到改善;CMCS 黏附性能相比于原淀粉最高可增加27. 9%,并且随着取代度的提高,黏附性逐渐增强。对9. 67 tex 纯棉纱上浆实验结果表明,CMCS 浆纱的力学性能显著提高,其浆纱的断裂增强率与耐磨增强率分别比原淀粉浆纱增加了118. 5%和88. 7%,伸长率降低了29. 7%。     

马来酸酐酯化变性对淀粉浆料的影响

 摘要：采用不同投料比,制备一系列具有不同取代度的马来酸酐酯变性淀粉,测试其浆液黏度、浆膜及黏附性,以明确马来酸酐酯化变性对淀粉浆料性能的影响。通过与酸解淀粉及醋酸酯淀粉的比较,评价了马来酸酐酯化淀粉的上浆性能。结果表明：马来酸酯化变性能够有效增加淀粉浆膜的断裂伸长和断裂功,提高对涤纶及棉纤维的黏附性,改善退浆性。当变性程度相近时,马来酸酐酯化淀粉浆料的性能优于醋酸酯淀粉。从黏附力、浆膜性能、反应效率等方面判断,马来酸酐酯化淀粉的取代度以0.036为宜;制备方法是：首先应采用适当的方式对淀粉原料降黏,然后将淀粉质量25%的马来酸酐缓慢加入到淀粉水分散液中,控制反应体系的pH7.5～8.5,最后在30℃下搅拌反应1h。     

电晕处理对涤纶长丝上浆性能的影响

 针对涤纶纱线采用淀粉浆料上浆困难的情况,研究电晕处理对涤纶表面结构和化学组成及不同比例PVA/淀粉浆料上浆性能的影响情况。改变电压和时间对涤纶纱线进行电晕放电处理试验,研究采用不同比例（PVA/淀粉）的浆料时对涤纶纱线上浆性能的影响。研究结果表明,经电晕处理的涤纶纱线上浆后,浆纱耐磨性提高,毛羽降低,综合性能明显改善,涤纶纱线上浆工艺中,少用或不用PVA是可以实现的。     

季铵醚阳离子化改性对CMS浆料性能的影响

通过改变3-氯-2羟丙基三甲铵对淀粉的投料比,制备了一系列具有不同取代度的季铵型羧甲基淀粉,并以性能对比实验研究了这种变性淀粉的阳离子化变性程度对浆液黏度、黏附性及浆膜性能的影响。为了减少PVA的用量,研究了这种变性淀粉与PVA共混物对涤/棉纤维的黏附性能。结果表明:随着阳离子取代度的增加,季铵醚改性CMS的黏度明显提高;季铵型变性能够进一步改善羧甲基淀粉对涤/棉纤维的黏附性能,且随着阳离子取代度的增加,对涤/棉纤维的黏附性能增大。     

淀粉氨基甲酸酯化对毛纱低温上浆性能的影响

为提高变性淀粉浆料在毛纱上浆中的应用性能,制备了一系列具有不同取代度的氨基甲酸酯淀粉。研究温度变化对氨基甲酸酯变性淀粉浆液性能和羊毛纤维黏附性能的影响,探讨这种淀粉浆料在不同温度条件下对羊毛经纱的上浆性能。结果表明:氨基甲酸酯化变性能够使浆液在温度低至60℃条件下仍具有一定的黏度稳定性,这为低温上浆提供了条件;随着氨基甲酸酯淀粉取代度的提高,对羊毛纤维的黏附力增大;氨基甲酸酯变性有利于改善淀粉在低温条件下对羊毛经纱的上浆性能。     

STMP交联变性对淀粉浆料性能的影响

 为探索适用于淀粉浆料的环保型交联剂,满足经纱上浆中对淀粉浆液黏度热稳定性的要求,替代目前常用的甲醛、环氧氯丙烷等有毒交联剂,本文以木薯淀粉为原料,无毒的三偏磷酸钠（STMP）为交联剂,通过改变 STMP对木薯淀粉的投料比,制备了一系列具有不同交联度（DC）的交联淀粉。研究了交联度对淀粉浆液的黏度、黏度热稳定性、黏附性能、浆膜性能、退浆性以及五日生化需氧量（BOD5）和化学需氧量（COD）的影响。研究结果表明,STMP交联可显著提高淀粉浆料的黏度热稳定性;交联度对淀粉浆液的黏度、黏度热稳定性、黏附性能、浆膜性能及退浆性有显著影响,但对淀粉浆料的生物可降解性影响不大。当采用该交联淀粉用于经纱上浆时,交联度选择在650 AGU/CL为宜。     

Effects of starch acryloylation on the grafting efficiency,adhesion, and film properties of acryloylated starch‐g‐poly(acrylic acid) for warp sizing

In order to enhance the grafting efficiency of graft copolymerization of granular cornstarch with acrylic acid (AA) for improving the adhesion and film properties of starch‐g‐poly(acrylic acid) used as sizing agent, the esterification of hydrolyzed starch with acryloyl chloride was applied before graft copolymerization. The influence of three common initiators on the copolymerization were also studied. The initiators included ceric ammonium nitrate [Ce(NH₄)₂(NO₃)₆], hydrogen peroxide/ferrous ammonium sulfate [H₂O₂/FeSO₄ · (NH₄)₂SO₄], and potassium persulfate/sodium bisulfite [K₂S₂O₈/NaHSO₃]. It was found that acryloylation of starch before the copolymerization was an effective method for substantially enhancing the grafting efficiency and improving the performances such as adhesion‐to‐fibers and mechanical properties of grafted starch film. The acryloylation could increase the efficiency to 67–81% when the degree of substitution (DS) of acryloylated starch ranged from 0.010 to 0.036. The adhesion to polyester and cotton fibers reached their maximum at DS = 0.010 and 0.022, respectively. Strong and tough film was obtained when the DS value was in a range of 0.010–0.022. H₂O₂/FeSO₄ · (NH₄)₂SO₄ redox system was more appropriate for initiating the copolymerization of acryloylated starch with AA.