Experimental study on performance,combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke diesel engine using blended fuel

In day today's applications, it is obligatory to devise the usage of diesel in an economic and environmentally benign way. The present work was aimed at studying the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a four-stroke diesel engine by adding n-pentane at different proportions such as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by volume with diesel. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics obtained from the experiment revealed that the addition of n-pentane augments the brake thermal efficiency of the engine. At full load, the brake thermal efficiency increased by 3.17% for an addition of 6% n-pentane, 4.31% for an addition of 8% n-pentane and 6.36% for an addition of 10% n-pentane. From the emission test, it was concluded that at full load, the NO_x emission decreased by 8.67% for an addition of 6% n-pentane, 17.43% for an addition of 8% n-pentane and 18.09% for an addition of 10% n-pentane.     

Experimental investigation on the effect of alkanes blending on performance,combustion and emission characteristics of four-stroke diesel engine

In this experimental investigation, an attempt was made to increase the performance and reduce the emission by adding alkanes such as n-pentane and n-hexane separately at different proportions, such as 4%, 6% and 8% by volume, with diesel. The performance analysis reported that, at full load, the brake thermal efficiency was increased by 3.605%, 3.170%, 4.305%, 4.394%, 5.336% and 6.173% for the blending of 4% n-pentane, 6% n-pentane, 8% n-pentane, 4% n-hexane, 6% n-hexane and 8% n-hexane with diesel, respectively. The emission test concluded that the smoke density was increased by 9.915%, 9.905%, 6.325%, 9.573%, 6.154% and 5.983% for the blending of 4% n-pentane, 6% n-pentane, 8% n-pentane, 4% n-hexane, 6% n-hexane and 8% n-hexane with diesel, respectively. The NO_x emission was decreased by 8.265%, 8.674%, 17.430%, 5.401%, 5.810% and 7.529% for the blending of 4% n-pentane, 6% n-pentane, 8% n-pentane, 4% n-hexane, 6% n-hexane and 8% n-hexane with diesel, respectively.     

浅谈温度对内燃机使用寿命的影响

分析了温度异常对内燃机使用寿命影响的机理,结合损坏状况,对内燃机做出了较合理的使用方法,并切实采取措施保证内燃机工作在正常的温度范围内,以延长其使用寿命。     

Assessment of waste plastic oil blends on performance,combustion and emission parameters in direct injection compression ignition engine

The present experimental investigation deals with the transformation of waste plastic into oil in a pyrolysis reactor. A single feed at a rate of 8?kg yielded 675?ml of pyrolytic oil. The physiochemical properties of plastic oil (PO) were found to be within American Society for Testing and Material standards with higher kinematic viscosity and carbon residue. The GC-MS and Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis studies revealed the presence of 14 different compounds in PO. Straight diesel–PO blending was carried out at 15% and 30% in volume ratio. At full-load condition, in-cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, rate of heat release and peak pressure were higher for PO30% than straight diesel. The brake thermal efficiency for PO blends was found to be slightly higher than straight diesel with a significant increase in brake-specific fuel consumption. Unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), CO NO _x and smoke emission showed significant variation with PO blends. The physiochemical properties of PO blends significantly affect the engine performance.     

内燃机循环变动的理论研究

概述了火花点火式内燃机燃烧循环变动的研究现状,详细阐述了内燃机结构参数及运转参数对内燃机燃烧循环变动的影响,以促进内燃机循环变动的研究。     

Experimental investigation of engine emissions with marine gas oil-oxygenate blends

This paper investigates the diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions with marine gas oil-alternative fuel additive. Marine gas oil (MGO) was selected as base fuel for the engine experiments. An oxygenate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM), and a biodiesel (BD) jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) with a volume of 10% were blended with the MGO fuel. JOME was derived from inedible jatropha oil. Lower emissions with diesel-BD blends (soybean methyl ester, rapeseed methyl ester etc.) have been established so far, but the effect of MGO-BD (JOME) blends on engine performance and emissions has been a growing interest as JOME (BD) is derived from inedible oil and MGO is frequently used in maritime transports. No phase separation between MGO-DGM and MGO-JOME blends was found. The neat MGO, MGO-DGM and MGO-JOME blends are termed as MGO, Ox10 and B10 respectively. The experiments were conducted with a six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged, direct-injection Scania DC 1102 (DI) diesel engine. The experimental results showed significant reductions in fine particle number and mass emissions, PM and smoke emissions with Ox10 and B10 fuels compared to the MGO fuel. Other emissions including total unburned hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and engine noise were also reduced with the Ox10 and B10 fuels, while maintaining similar brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and thermal efficiency with MGO fuel. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions, on the other hand, were slightly higher with the Ox10 and B10 fuels at high engine load conditions.     

Energy and exergy analysis of a CI engine using tyre pyrolysis oil blends with diesel

Tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) blend with diesel can be used as an alternate fuel. Tests have been carried out to analyse the energy and exergy characteristics of diesel engine fuelled by B10, B20 and B30 blend of TPO with diesel fuel. TPO was derived from waste automobile tyres through vacuum pyrolysis process (batch type). In this paper, the brake thermal efficiencies of TPO of different blends (10%, 20% and 30%) are compared with the pure diesel and discussed. Further, exergy and energy values of TPO–diesel with different blends are analysed.     

四冲程内燃机可调气门的快速确定与简易记忆法

本文通过四冲程内燃机凸轮形状、配气相位和作动间隔角的分析，从中得出可调气门的快速确定方法和简易记忆法。     

Residential application of internal combustion engine based cogeneration in cold climate—Canada

The objectives of this work are to model a group of test case houses using a high-resolution building simulation program, to evaluate the efficiency of internal combustion engine (ICE) based cogeneration and to determine the economical (in terms of fuel cost) impact of using ICE based cogeneration systems for residential use. The performance in terms of electrical and CHP efficiencies of the ICE based cogeneration systems in Canada were investigated and it was determined that the performance of the ICE based cogeneration system is dependent on the thermal and electrical loads of the house, on climate, especially the severity and duration of the heating season, and on the constructional characteristics of the house. Although the annual fuel cost of the household would increase, the ICE based cogeneration systems can provide savings in various aspects regarding electricity production and distribution.     

Application of fuzzy logic in internal combustion engines to predict the engine performance

This paper describes an application of fuzzy logic principle for predicting the internal combustion engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics using fish oil biodiesel. Experimental investigations on a single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection diesel engine were carried out under variable load conditions. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency, hydrocarbon, exhaust gas temperature, oxides of nitrogen (NO_x), carbon monoxide, smoke, carbon dioxide, ignition delay, combustion delay and maximum rate of pressure rise were considered. Engine performance was measured using an exhaust gas analyser, smoke metre, piezoelectric pressure transducer and crank angle encoder for different fuel blends and engine load conditions. The obtained data were recorded for each experiment and associated data used to develop a multiple inputs and multiple outputs fuzzy logic model. The developed model produced idealised results with the correlation coefficients of 0.988–0.999 and root mean square error, and was found to be useful for predicting the engine performance characteristics with limited number of available data.     

Bio-ethanol additive effect on direct injection diesel engine performance,emission and combustion characteristics – an experimental examination

ABSTRACT

The present investigation explores the effect of dairy scum oil methyl ester (DSOME) blends and ethanol additive on TV1 Kirloskar diesel engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. From the experimental study, it is concluded that DSOME-B20 (20% dairy scum biodiesel?+?80% diesel) has shown appreciable performance and lower HC and CO emissions among all other blends. Hence DSOME-B20 is optimised as best fuel blend and it is carried for further investigations to study the effect of bio-ethanol additive on diesel engine performance. From the study it apparent that diesel engine operated with ethanol additive and 20% dairy scum biodiesel blended fuels shown the satisfactorily improved emission characteristics when compared to petroleum diesel fuel operation. Finally, from the experimental investigation, it concludes that addition of ethanol shown the slightly higher HC, CO emission and improved BTE, BSFC, NOx and CO₂ than sole B20 biodiesel blend. Among all three (3%, 6% and 9%) ethanol additive ratios, E6% (6%-ethanol with B20) ethanol additive exhibits slightly better BTE, BSFC, cylinder pressure and heat release rate hence 6% ethanol additive with B20 biodiesel blend would furnish beneficial effects in the diesel engine.     

A comparative study of performance and combustion characteristics of a CI diesel engine fuelled with B20 biodiesel blends

This paper aims to study the diesel engine performance and combustion characteristics fuelled with Banalities aegyptiaca oil methyl ester, palm oil methyl ester, sesame methyl ester oil, rapeseed methyl ester oil, soybean oil methyl ester and diesel fuel. In this present work, only 20% of each biodiesel blends was tested in diesel engine; stated that the possible use of biodiesel of up to 20% in a diesel engine without modification in literature. A single-cylinder, auxiliary water-cooled and computer-based variable compression ratio diesel engine was used to evaluate their performance at constant speed and at measured load conditions. The performance and combustion tests are conducted using each of the above test fuels, at a constant speed of 5000?rpm. Thus, the varying physical and chemical properties of test fuels against pure diesel are optimised for better engine performance.

Abbreviations: BP: brake power; BSFC: brake-specific fuel consumption; BTE: brake thermal efficiency; CO: carbon monoxide; CP: cylinder pressure; DP: diesel pressure; EGT: exhaust gas temperature; HC: hydrocarbon; HRR: heat release rate; NO _x : nitric oxides; PM: particulate matter; TDC: top dead centre; VCR: variable compression ratio     

Performance and emission characteristics analysis of thermal barrier coated LHR engine fuelled with Eucalyptus-water emulsion

ABSTRACT

Experiments were conducted to analyse the efficiency of Diesel, E20 biodiesel and Eucalyptus-Water emulsions (Eucalyptus Water Mixture1, Eucalyptus Water Mixture2, Eucalyptus Water Mixture3) in a Low Heat Rejection Engine (LHR). The parameters considered were brake thermal efficiency, specific energy consumption, hydrocarbon emission, carbon monoxide emission, smoke opacity emission, oxides of nitrogen (NO _X ) emission, exhaust gas temperature, heat release rate and cylinder pressure. For this experiment, the piston’s top surface and cylinder head’s bottom surface, of the LHR engine were covered with Partially Stabilised Zirconia (PSZ). The Process of trans-esterification was made use of to process the raw eucalyptus. The experiment was found fruitful with the use of EWM3 (Eucalyptus Water Mixture3) in the LHR engine. From the analyses, the brake thermal efficiency substantially increased and the NO _X emission was found to be decreased when EWM3 (Eucalyptus Water Mixture3) was used in the LHR engine.     

Evaluation of performance and emission behaviour of DI diesel engine powered by biofuel

In this experiment, the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine were tested using bio-fuel (Anise oil) at different loads. The main focus of this study was to compare the existing biodiesel blends with the proposed mixture (anise?+?cerium oxide) of biodiesel blends in terms of engine parameters, cost, efficiency, and pollution control. The blends used in this experiment are B10 (Biodiesel-10%), B20 (Biodiesel-20%), and B30 (Biodiesel-30%). The emission and performance parameters considered for the test are SFC (specific fuel consumption), CO (carbon monoxide), NO_X (nitrogen oxide), and HC (hydrocarbon). These parameters were tested for different load conditions such as 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. From the results, it shows that SFC is lower for B20 blend compared to that of pure diesel fuel, while B10, B30, B40, and B50 blends have slightly higher values. From the experiment, it is found that emissions of the HC and NO_x were reduced and CO emission is slightly higher than the pure diesel.     

Experimental investigations on the influence of properties of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel on performance,combustion, and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine

The current state of future energy and environmental crises has revitalised the need to find alternative sources of energy due to escalating oil prices and depleting oil reserves. To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been a growing interest in alternative fuels like biodiesel that can become a suitable diesel fuel substitute for compression ignition engine. Biodiesel offers a very promising alternative to diesel fuel, since they are renewable and have similar properties. Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil collected from different restaurants in the Nagapattinam region of South India was converted into methyl esters (biodiesel) by transesterification. Biodiesel produced from C. inophyllum oil was blended with diesel by different volume proportions (25%, 50%, and 75%). Biodiesel and its blends were tested on a direct injection (DI) diesel engine at a constant speed by varying loads from 0% to 100% in steps of 20% to analyse its performance, emission, and combustion characteristics. The results obtained were compared with that of diesel fuel. B25 (27.5%) showed better performance than diesel fuel (26.28%) at full load and B50 showed performances similar to diesel fuel. Smoke density of B25 was slightly (2.6%) higher than that of diesel at full load conditions. At full load, measured carbon monoxide emissions for B25 and B50 were 4% lower than that of diesel. Hydrocarbon emissions for B25 and B100 were 5.37% and 25.8% higher than that of diesel, respectively. Nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emission was lower for all biodiesel blends. NO_x emissions of B100 and B75 were lower than that of diesel by 22.16% and 13.29% at full load, respectively. Combustion profile was smoother, and no knocking problem was observed while operating with biodiesel blends. B75 produced peak cylinder pressure.     

Effect of methanol gasoline blended fuels on the performance and emissions of SI engine

This article presents experimental results of the effect of methanol gasoline blends as alternate fuels for the spark ignition (SI) engine. As the cost of the gasoline is periodically increasing the quest for the alternative fuels are evolved with which the emissions are reduced along with improved engine performance. A set of experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of gasoline methanol blends in methanol percentages of M5, M10 and M15 on the engine performance and emissions. A significant reduction in emissions is observed with methanol blends compared to the standard gasoline with improved engine performance and emission characteristics. The fuels blends ranging from M10 to M15 have been found suitable for reduced emissions and improved engine performance.     

影响内燃机气缸窜气的相关因素分析及对策

气缸窜气量的大小是衡量内燃机技术性能的重要指标。气密性差是导致气缸，活塞（环）等机件异常磨损，机油过量消耗以及过早氧化变质的重要因素。同时，也会造成内燃机过热，活塞（环）卡缸，熔着磨损以及活塞环断裂等事故。本文对影响内燃机窜气的相关因素进行了分析，论述了降低和预防气缸窜气的措施和方法。     

Experimental analysis of DI diesel engine using dual biofuel blended with diesel

ABSTRACT

In recent years, biodiesel has become more attractive as an alternative fuel for diesel engines because of its environmental benefits and the fact is that it is made from renewable resources. The role of biodiesel is not to replace petroleum diesel, biofuels help to improve the economical growth and positive impacts on the environment. The main purpose of this research is to reduce the emission such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_X), hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). And to increase the performance characteristics such as break thermal efficiency (BTE), specific fuel consumption (SFC) of diesel engines. Here we used dual biofuel (lemongrass oil plus mint oil) blended with diesel and cerium oxide is added as an additive and undergone the test of engine performance and emission parameters of diesel. The measuring parameters are BTHE, specific fuel conception, CO₂, CO, NO_x and HC.     

Synthesis of cracked Mahua oil using coal ash catalyst for diesel engine application

ABSTRACT

In this work, production of hydrocarbon fuel from Mahua oil has been characterised for diesel engine application, by appraising essential fuel processing parameters. As opposed to traditional trans-esterification process, the reported oil was identified by using heterogeneous catalysts, as the latter improves the fuel properties better than the former. Therefore, interest has been taken in utilising heterogeneous catalyst such as Coal fly ash (CFA) for biofuel production process. From the experimental investigation it was observed that performance results such as BTE for B25 blend show marginally lower value to sole fuel at all loads and NO_x emission for B100 blend exhibit significantly lower value than sole fuel. Smoke emission for B25 show the increasing trend that of other blends. However, CO, HC emission for B25 shows the marginal increases when compared to the sole fuel and the combustion analysis of B25 blend showed almost similar trend of sole fuel.     

Design and analysis of exhaust manifold of the spark ignition engine for emission reduction

ABSTRACT

The design geometry of exhaust manifold plays a vital role in smooth combustion and emission reduction of the spark ignition engine. In this work, by analysing and comparing the exhaust gas back pressures and its velocities of different types of manifold models chosen at different operating load conditions of the engine, the best exhaust manifold of model 5 has been found and recommended to use in the multi-cylinder engine to control the engine emission and protect the environment. The analysis is done with a virtual model of manifold. Modelling and analysis of exhaust manifold are carried out by CATIA v5 and ANSYS software.