Biological degradation of anthroquinone and azo dyes by a novel laccase from Lentinus sp

This study identifies a new fungal strain, Lentinus sp., that can produce extracellular forms of laccases with an activity of approximately 58?300 U/L. A purified laccase (designated lcc3) was identified by LC-ESI MS/MS as an N-linkage glycosylated protein. The isolated lcc3 cDNA is composed of 1563 bp encoding for a polypeptide of 521 amino acid residues with 4 putative Cu binding regions. Kinetic analyses revealed that the specific activity, k(cat), K(m), and k(cat)/K(m) of lcc3 at pH 2.5 and 70 °C with 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) used as a substrate was 2047 U mg(-1), 2017 s(-1), 8.4 μM, and 240 s(-1) μM(-1), respectively. Lcc3 is stable at pH 6.0-10.0 and has a midpoint temperature (T(m)) of 77.1 °C. We observed 97% decolorization efficiency on Acid Blue 80, 88% on RBBR, and 61% on Acid Red 37 by lcc3. Structural modeling analysis showed that five, four, and three hydrogen bonds can be formed between Acid Blue 80 and Arg(178), Arg(182), or Asn(358); between RBBR and His(132), Ser(134), or Asp(482); and between Acid Red 37 and Arg(178), respectively. Notably, Lentinus lcc3 efficiently reversed the toxicity of anthraquinone and azo dyes on rice seed germination and decolorized industrial textile effluent, suggesting the enzyme may be valuable for bioremediation.     

染料脱色细菌的筛选及脱色条件的研究

对镇江印染厂泥土中的微生物进行筛选,得到一株对孔雀绿染料具有较强脱色能力的细菌,经初步鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌属(Paeudomonas aeruginosa).并研究了染料浓度、培养时间、培养温度、起始pH值等因素对脱色率的影响.通过正交试验,得出菌种的最佳培养条件为:染料质量浓度50 mg/L,培养时间72 h,培养温度28℃,发酵液起始pH值7.0.     

Stabilization of an Amylase from Neurospora crassa by Immobilization on Highly Activated Supports

The amylase from Neurospora crassa is an interesting enzyme, having higher stability than amylase from Aspergillus oryzea under a broad range of pH values. Moreover, the N. crassa enzyme may be immobilized on different supports with good retention of enzyme activity. The best stabilizations were achieved using Eupergit C 250 L or glyoxyl agarose, with which the enzyme remained fully active at 60°C for 24 h while the soluble enzyme remained about 17%. The glyoxyl agarose immobilized enzyme had high thermostability, high optimal temperature (65°C) and broad pH/activity profile, suggesting that this enzyme has potential for food and industrial applications for starch modification.     

Pycnoporus sp. SYBC-L3漆酶催化偶氮染料脱色

为考察 Pycnoporus sp. SYBC-L3漆酶Lac-L对偶氮染料的脱色、解毒效果,探究最佳的脱色反应条件,采用单因素分析方法研究了不同的反应条件对Lac-L催化3种偶氮染料（AR1、RB5、RV5R）脱色的影响,得到最佳处理条件,并通过比较被漆酶降解前后的染料对小麦和水稻发芽率及根、芽生长的影响,分析其毒性变化。结果表明：在以HBT为介体、反应温度50 ℃、pH分别为4.0（AR1,RV5R）和5.0（RB5）、漆酶用量1 U/mL、染料初始质量浓度分别为30 mg/L（AR1）和50 mg/L（RB5、RV5R）条件下,漆酶对3种偶氮染料的脱色效率最高,AR1和RV5R几乎完全降解,脱色率达到96.1%和97.8%,而RB5也有83.8%的脱色率。植物毒理实验表明,3种偶氮染料经漆酶降解后对小麦和水稻发芽率没有影响,对胚芽和根生长的抑制作用也有所降低。     

Production and characterization of ectoine by Marinococcus sp. ECT1 isolated from a high-salinity environment

A halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt environment in southern Taiwan was identified as a Marinococcus sp. ECT1. This bacterium could synthesize and accumulate intracellular ectoine as a compatible solute capable of resisting osmotic stress in a hyper-osmotic environment. This study also developed a semi-synthesized medium (YAMS medium), capable of facilitating the growth of this Marinococcus sp. ECT1 with 600 mg/L crude ectoine production. Moreover, Marinococcus sp. ECT1 was grown on YAMS medium containing different initial yeast extract concentrations (C(YE)) (0 to 60 g/L) to demonstrate how C(YE) affects crude ectoine production. While the maximum cell concentration was increased by 23-fold when the C(YE) was 40 g/L, the maximum crude ectoine production reached 2.5 g/L when C(YE) was 40 g/L. In addition to demonstrating the success of the fermentation strategy of ectoine in increasing the production and production yield, experimental results further demonstrated that the fermentation medium of ectoine is highly promising for commercialization. Furthermore, the molecular weight and chemical structure of ectoine were identified and characterized by FAB-MS and (1)H-NMR.     

大豆蛋白胨对粗糙脉孢菌3.1607产番茄红素的影响及其发酵条件优化

该试验以番茄红素产量及干质量为评价指标,通过单因素试验考察大豆蛋白胨对粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）3.1607产番茄红素的影响,并对其添加量、添加时间、菌种接种量进行优化。以单因素试验结果为基础,结合响应面法,对添加了大豆蛋白胨的粗糙脉孢菌发酵产番茄红素发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,当添加大豆蛋白胨时,孢子干质量及番茄红素的产量都明显提高,最佳发酵条件为：大豆蛋白胨添加量11 g/L、发酵55 h时添加、菌种接种量6%,添加后继续发酵51 h后孢子干质量达0.25 g/L,番茄红素产量达9.64 mg/L。     

锆-有机骨架对水中染料的高选择性可循环吸附

针对染料废水造成的水污染问题,采用溶剂热合成方法,将氯化锆、2,2'-联喹啉-4,4'-二甲酸(H₂L)和苯甲酸混合后,在100 ℃下反应合成了三维多孔的Zr-有机骨架材料(Zr-MOF),对水中的染料进行选择性、可循环吸附。结果表明,在6组由活性染料与阳离子染料组成的双染料混合水溶液中,Zr-MOF实现了对亚甲基蓝(MB)、阳离子艳红5GN(BR14)和阳离子嫩黄7GL(BY24)的高选择性吸附,吸附效率均在79%以上,其中对MB的去除效率高达99.78%。在连续的8轮吸附-脱附循环实验后,Zr-MOF对40 mL的15.7 mg/L的MB染料的去除效率仍高达97.0%。X射线粉末衍射测试表明,经受8次吸附-脱附循环后,以及在pH值为2~14之间的强酸(盐酸)和强碱(NaOH)水溶液中放置48 h之后,Zr-MOF的结晶性几乎毫无变化,显示出十分可靠的稳定性和可循环使用能力。     

好食脉孢霉发酵麦麸制备可溶性膳食纤维及其理化性质

采用好食脉孢霉对小麦麸皮进行固态发酵制备可溶性膳食纤维(Soluble dietary fiber,SDF),通过单因素结合响应面法Box-Behnken探究发酵过程中含水量、接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间对可溶性膳食纤维得率的影响,确定培养基的最佳发酵条件.同时对发酵过程中纤维素酶活性和木聚糖酶活性进行测定,并研究发酵前...     

8株窖泥链霉菌对酸、乙醇的适应性研究

对分离自窖泥的8株放线菌进行鉴定,并考察其对窖泥环境中pH值、乙醇的耐受性.采用ISP2液体培养基在pH值2.0～3.5、乙醇浓度3%vol ～6%vol条件下培养链霉菌菌株,结果显示,分属于链霉菌属的8个种的8株放线菌均不能耐受pH值2.0及6%vol的乙醇浓度,均能耐受pH值3.5及3%vol的乙醇浓度,5株链霉菌在pH值3.0时可以生长,2株链霉菌可耐受5%vol乙醇,说明分离自窖泥的多数链霉菌对窖泥环境的适应能力较好,但不同种链霉菌的适应能力存在差异,窖泥环境在长期生产过程中对链霉菌属菌株具有一定的选择驯化作用.     

偶氮染料及其代谢产物的化学结构与毒性关系的回顾与前瞻

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定食品中24种酸性工业染料的分析方法。样品经氨水乙醇溶液（氨水:无水乙醇:水=2:7:1,v/v/v）提取,提取液氮吹浓缩至1 mL,加入10 mL 5%甲醇水溶液,弱阴离子交换固相萃取柱（Agela Cleanert PWAX）富集净化,氮吹复溶后,Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse RRHD C₁₈（3.0 mm×150 mm,1.8 μm）色谱柱分离,流动相采用乙腈和10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源负离子进行电离,多反应监测模式（MRM）下测定,外标法定量。结果表明,24种酸性工业染料在20～300 ng/mL范围内,相关系数r均大于0.999;方法检出限为10 μg/kg,定量限为25 μg/kg;在25、100、250 μg/kg三个不同加标水平下的回收率为91.0%～112.7%,相对标准偏差（n=6）为0.42%～4.39%。采用该方法对市售的豆制品、调味品、水产品、肉制品各40批次进行测定,2批次卤肉样品中检出酸性橙Ⅱ,含量分别为138±2.8 μg/kg和179±3.7 μg/kg;2批次香肠样品中检出红2G,含量分别为320±8.6 μg/kg和230±6.2 μg/kg。该方法灵敏、快速、准确,适用于食品中24种酸性工业染料的定性定量测定。

     

刑事案件现场中纤维上染料的检验及应用

在各类刑事案件现场提取到的有色纤维和纺织品物证，除鉴别纤维的种类及混纺率外，还须鉴别纤维上的染料与比对样品是否相同．纤维上染料的分析一直是法庭科学探讨和研究的重要课题之一．只有充分了解和掌握现场中染料的分类、染料种类及对纤维上染料的萃取及其检验等内容，才能充分发挥案件现场纤维或纺织品上的染料在侦查破案中的作用，真正服务于基层办案．     

Selective adsorption and separation of illegal cationic dyes from foodstuffs with anionic polyelectrolyte functionalised metal-organic frameworks

ABSTRACT

A novel adsorbent, poly(sodium 4–styrenesulfonate) modified MIL-101(Cr)–NH₂, was successfully prepared. Owing to its high surface area and degree of negative surface charge, it enables effective adsorption and separation of illegal cationic dyes, such as rhodamine B, pararosaniline, and auramine O, from foodstuffs prior to high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Under optimised conditions, good linearity was obtained over 1.0–80.0 or 1.0–120 ng mL^?1 with a correlation coefficient (R²) > 0.999. Limits of detection and limits of quantification of the three dyes were 0.28–0.65 and 0.94–2.13 μg kg^?1, respectively. The recoveries of the three dyes in shrimp powder, chili powder, tofu sheets, and tomato sauce were in the range of 86.8–119.3%, suggesting that the developed method is a promising tool for accurate quantification of the three dyes at trace levels in foodstuffs.     

糖碳源和氨基酸氮源对苍白杆菌属发酵产生物表面活性剂的影响

该实验为优化苍白杆菌（Ochrobactrum sp.）产生物表面活性剂的发酵条件,比较了不同糖碳源（蔗糖、乳糖、甘油、木糖、果糖）、氨基酸氮源（谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸和缬氨酸）、碳氮比（C/N）（1、10、20、30、40）对生物表面活性剂发酵的影响。结果表明,最优碳源为蔗糖,发酵5 d达最大乳化活性56.30%;最优氮源为天冬氨酸,发酵4 d达最大乳化活性54.00%;最优C/N为10,发酵4 d达最大乳化活性55.75%。     

碱性条件提取艾草天然染料及其真丝绸染色

用氢氧化钠水溶液提取艾草天然染料,讨论了氢氧化钠浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液质量比等对艾草天然染料提取效果的影响,讨论了艾草天然染料直接染色真丝绸时染色pH值、染色温度、染色时间、硫酸钠浓度、染料浓度等对染色效果的影响.研究结果表明,艾草氢氧化钠水溶液提取物染色真丝绸比艾草水提取物染色真丝绸的颜色更浓.艾草天然染料提取的优化工艺为:氢氧化钠0.3 mo1/L、提取温度100℃、提取时间50 min、料液质量比1∶35.艾草提取液对真丝绸直接染色的优化工艺为:染色pH5.0,染色温度90℃,染色时间60 min,硫酸钠50 g/L,浴比50∶1.此外,艾草碱性提取物染色真丝绸有较好的牢度性能,媒染对染色真丝绸染色牢度提高效果不明显.     

碱性条件提取茶叶天然染料及其在蚕丝织物染色中的应用

针对茶叶天然染料的碱性提取及提取液对蚕丝织物的染色进行了研究。用碳酸钠水溶液提取茶叶天然染料,探讨了碳酸钠用量、提取温度、提取时间对茶叶天然染料提取效果的影响及染色pH值、染色温度、染色时间、硫酸钠用量等对蚕丝织物直接染色效果的影响。研究结果表明茶叶碳酸钠水溶液提取物染色蚕丝织物比茶叶水提取物染色蚕丝织物的颜色更浓。茶叶天然染料提取的优化工艺为：碳酸钠8g/L,提取温度90℃,提取时间40min。茶叶提取液对蚕丝织物直接染色的优化工艺为：染液pH值4.00左右,硫酸钠40g/L,染色温度90℃,染色时间60min,浴比50:1。碳酸钠水溶液提取物染色蚕丝织物具有较好的牢度性能,媒染可适当提高染色蚕丝织物的耐洗色牢度。     

天然植物染料W-CT对羊毛针织物的染色性及抗菌性研究

由天然植物染料W-CT的萃取实验可得,W-CT热稳定性较好.文章还确定了萃取W-CT色素的最优工艺条件:温度90℃,浴比1∶30,提取2次,每次提取1 h.随后采用肉汤稀释法测试W-CT染液的最低抑菌浓度M1C,实验结果为对大肠杆菌的MIC≤1.953 mg/ml,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC≤1.953 mg/ml;醇提法对大肠杆菌的MIC为31.25 mg/ml,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC≤1.953 mg/ml.在此基础上同时探讨了W-CT染色工艺,实验表明:无媒染时浴比对颜色特征的影响很小,在铝媒染中染液的pH值对颜色特征的影响较大,W-CT色素对织物染色色牢度普遍符合国家标准.最后通过测试织物细菌减少率,表明用W-CT染色可以赋予织物较好的抗菌性.     

桉树叶天然染料对蚕丝和羊毛织物的染色性能

将从桉树叶中提取的天然染料上染蚕丝和羊毛织物,染色过程分别采用冷轧堆法和浸轧烘干法,并分别配制质量浓度为5、10和20 g/L的染液,利用明矾、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜和氯化亚锡媒染剂对其进行染色。染色后蚕丝织物和羊毛织物的颜色为从浅黄到棕色,但用硫酸亚铁做媒染剂时呈深灰褐色。水洗、摩擦等色牢度非常好,耐晒牢度较好。     

海带岩藻多糖的分离与部分性质研究

研究了海带岩藻多糖的提取、影响因子及其纯化 ,岩藻多糖的分离最适条件为 :温度80℃ ,浸提时间 10h。经浓缩后 ,再用终 φ(乙醇 ) =60 %醇析获得粗品。岩藻粗糖经DEAE 纤维素的纯化后得FuⅠ、FuⅡ、FuⅢ、FuⅣ 4个组分 ,其硫酸根质量分数依次为 7 2 % ,1 95 % ,2 6 0 %和 17 2 %。同时对其红外光谱性质作了研究。