Concentrations in beef and lamb of taurine, carnosine, coenzyme Q(10), and creatine

Levels of taurine, carnosine, coenzyme Q(10), and creatine were measured in beef liver and several muscles of beef and lamb and in cooked and uncooked meat. The amino acid taurine has numerous biological functions, the dipeptide carnosine is a buffer as well as an antioxidant, coenzyme Q(10) is also an antioxidant present within mitochondria, and creatine along with creatine phosphate is involved with energy metabolism in muscle. Large differences were shown for all compounds between beef cheek muscle (predominantly red fibres) and beef semitendinosus muscle (mainly white fibres), with cheek muscle containing 9.9 times as much taurine, and 3.2 times as much coenzyme Q(10), but only 65% as much creatine and 9% as much carnosine. Levels in lamb relative to beef semitendinosus muscles were higher for taurine but slightly lower for carnosine, coenzyme Q(10) and creatine. Values for all the compounds varied significantly between eight lamb muscles, possibly due in part to differences in the proportion of muscle fibre types. Slow cooking (90 min at 70?°C) of lamb longissimus and semimembranosus muscles led to significant reductions in the content of taurine, carnosine, and creatine (P<0.001), but a slight increase in coenzyme Q(10). There was also a four-fold increase in creatinine, presumably due to its formation from creatine. It is concluded that biologically, and possibly nutritionally, significant levels of taurine, carnosine, coenzyme Q(10), and creatine are present in beef and lamb, but that these levels vary between muscles, between animals, and with cooking.     

Effect of dietary fats and supplementary coenzyme Q10 on vitamin provision in animals

The full replacement of fatty component of a diet (sunflower-seed oil and lard 1:1) on enriched with alpha-tocopherol acetate fish oil under additional coenzyme Q10 intake led to the strengthening of lipid peroxidation (LP) and to some decrease of vitamins A and E level in liver and blood serum whereas replacement by linen oil was accompanied by the expressed deterioration of these vitamins sufficiency, but didn't influence on the LP intensity. The use of palm-oil as a fatty component didn't effect on the investigated parameters. The influences of a fatty component on vitamins B1 and B2 level in rat liver and blood serum has not revealed.     

Effect of dietary fat on vitamin status of rats

The influence of low (1%) and high (31%) diet fat content (sunflower-seed oil and lard 1:1 at a ratio of 1:1) on vitamin A, E, B1 and B2 status of growing Wistar rats (8 rats per group) with initial body weight 80-100 g has been investigated. The semi-synthetic diet contained vitamin mixture in doses covering the physiological requirement of these animals. The increase of fat content (31%) in the diet due to the presence of vitamin E in sunflower-seed oil automatically lead to 1,7-fold increase consumption of this vitamin compared to the control group. Diet fat content did not affect the level of vitamins B1 and B2 in rat liver. Excessive intake of fat and vitamin E for 6 weeks did not influence on the content of blood plasma vitamin E and rat liver vitamin A occurs at the same time, while significant 1,9 fold elevation of liver vitamin E level and 26 per cent increase of blood plasma vitamin A concentration. The almost complete exclusion of fat from the diet had no effect on blood plasma level of alpha-tocopherol and retinol, but resulted in a significant decrease of vitamins A and E content in rat liver by 40 per cent, indicating a deterioration of sufficiency with these fat-soluble vitamins. The analysis of the results obtained in this investigation and literature data have suggested that under excessive as well as under decreased consumption of fat there is a risk of the development of polyhypovitaminosis. Vitamin complex supplementation is required to prevent a possible worsening of vitamin status under diets with modified fatty component.     

Relationship between changes in peroxide oxidation lipoide index, coenzyme Q10 and free fatty acids by of rats depending of fatty acid component in the ration

Ontogenetic peculiarities of relationship concentration of coenzyme (K0) Q10, peroxide oxidation lipoide (POL) content, peroxidation index (PI), concentration of omega 3 and omega 6 PUFA and saturated fatty acid in blood serum and liver of rats of 1, 3, 9 and 12 months old are studied. In blood serum pronounced riverse dependence was discovered between K0Q10 concentration and POL process intensivety in rats of 3 to 6 month old, fed palm and linseed oil. Direct relationship was established between TBA-active products in liver of all animal groups and peroxidation index. Value PI can be used for evaluation of potential substrates of POL in experiments and for creation of ration with definite fatty acid composition.     

Influence wheat bran on organism vitamin (experiment on rats)

The inclusion of wheat bran (at a dose of 2,3 and 4,6% of the dry weight) in the semi-synthetic diet of rats under combined deficiency of vitamins (20 and 50% of the adequate level) did not have a significant effect on vitamins C, B1 and B2 liver levels, riboflavin blood plasma level, and thiamine and riboflavin urinary excretion. The consumption of bran in high dose has been accompanied by a decrease of retinol blood plasma level on 19-28% but it has no effect on liver retinol palmitate content. Bran intake in both doses resulted in a deterioration of rats sufficiency with vitamin E, which had been confirmed by a simultaneous significant decrease of blood plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration on 31-40%, and its liver level on 23-43%. The results obtained indicate the advisability of vitamin E enrichment of diets with a high content of dietary fiber.     

Effect of taurine on toxicity of vitamin A in rats

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of taurine on the toxicity of vitamin A in male wistar rats. The rats were divided into six groups and fed different diets with or without supplements of 5% taurine and 25,000–50,000 (IU) vitamin A for 2 months. It was found that the body weight of rats, the ratios of liver and kidney weight to body weight, and the level of glutathione in the liver were decreased with increasing the dose of vitamin A. The levels of vitamin A in the liver and kidney, the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the plasma and liver, the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the plasma, and the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in the plasma of rats were increased with the increasing dose of vitamin A. Hence, symptoms of vitamin A toxicity in rats included loss of body weight, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. However, these toxic effects of vitamin A were significantly reduced when the rats were fed the diet with the supplement of taurine. Furthermore, the level of vitamin A in the serum of rats treated with taurine and vitamin A was higher than that of rats treated with vitamin A alone. This indicated that taurine might play a role in reducing the toxic effect of vitamin A in rats.     

Cooking temperature effects on the forms of iron and levels of several other compounds in beef semitendinosus muscle

The influence of final cooked temperature on the form of iron present and on the concentration of taurine, carnosine, coenzyme Q(10) and creatine was investigated in surface and inner parts of 30-mm thick steaks from beef semitendinosus muscle (n=6). The use of a fast, dry-heat cooking method with a Silex clam cooker (set at 200 °C) led to cooking times ranging from 5.6 to 8.6 min for final internal temperatures of 60 and 85 °C, respectively. The proportion of iron as soluble haem iron decreased from 65% in uncooked meat to 22% when cooked to 60 °C and then decreased more gradually with increases in final cooked temperature. The proportion of insoluble haem iron increased in a reciprocal manner, while changes in the proportions of soluble and insoluble non-haem iron were relatively small, but increases in the percentage of insoluble non-haem iron with increasing final temperature were significant (P<0.01). Changes in the forms of iron with cooking generally took place more rapidly in surface samples than inner samples. On a dry-matter basis, concentrations of taurine, carnosine, coenzyme Q(10), and creatine all decreased with cooking, but the decreases were greatest for taurine and creatine. Losses of creatine were at least partly due to conversion to creatinine, and, along with the other compounds, probably included some loss in cooking juices. It is concluded that despite these changes with cooking, beef semitendinosus muscle remains a good source of iron and a useful source of the potentially bioactive compounds taurine, carnosine, coenzyme Q(10) and creatine.     

辅酶Q_（10）与维生素E配伍的食用安全性探讨

考察辅酶Q10和天然维生素E在不同配方组成下的稳定性,并进行安全毒理学评价实验研究,说明辅酶Q10与维生素E配伍作为保健食品原料的食用安全性。采用高效液相色谱法,对经过加速破坏试验的五个不同配方的辅酶Q10天然维生素E软胶囊进行含量分析和安全性毒理学评价。在各个不同的配方中,未见辅酶Q10和α-生育酚的量发生明显变化,含量测定结果均在测定的误差范围内,并且在保留时间的3倍延长时间内未发现有新的色谱峰产生,且辅料的存在亦未对其稳定性产生任何的影响。辅酶Q10与天然维生素E在24个月的有效期内长期混合不会发生化学反应。安全性毒理学评价实验结果表明辅酶Q10与天然维生素E配伍使用具有食用安全性。     

辅酶Q10与维生素E配伍的食用安全性探讨

考察辅酶Q10和天然维生素E在不同配方组成下的稳定性,并进行安全毒理学评价实验研究,说明辅酶Q10与维生素E配伍作为保健食品原料的食用安全性。采用高效液相色谱法,对经过加速破坏试验的五个不同配方的辅酶Q10天然维生素E软胶囊进行含量分析和安全性毒理学评价。在各个不同的配方中,未见辅酶Q10和α-生育酚的量发生明显变化,含量测定结果均在测定的误差范围内,并且在保留时间的3倍延长时间内未发现有新的色谱峰产生,且辅料的存在亦未对其稳定性产生任何的影响。辅酶Q10与天然维生素E在24个月的有效期内长期混合不会发生化学反应。安全性毒理学评价实验结果表明辅酶Q10与天然维生素E配伍使用具有食用安全性。     

Effect of vitamin beverages on vitamin sufficiency of the workers of Pskov Hydroelectric Power-Plant

The research of influence of vitamin complexes in the form of a drink or kissel on vitamin sufficiency of working persons has been carried out. Long inclusion (6,5 months) in a diet of vitamin drinks containing about 80% from recommended daily consumption of vitamins, was accompanied by trustworthy improvement of vitamins C and B6 sufficiency and prevention of seasonal deterioration of beta-carotene status. As initially surveyed have been well provided with vitamins A and E, their blood serum level increase had not occurred.     

Vitamin B 12 metabolism and the status of sulfhydryl groups in protein-choline deficiency in rats. Effects of methyl- and adenosylcobalamins]

The effect of low protein choline-deficient diet on total vitamin B12 content and individual cobalamin level in the blood serum and liver of rats was determined. Moreover the total and non-protein SH-group content and glutathione transferase activity in the liver of rats were studied. Total cobalamin content increased in the blood serum, but it did not change in the liver of rats fed choline-deficient low protein diet. Total and non-protein SH-group level as well as glutathione transferase activity in the liver decreased significantly. The causes of changes revealed are discussed. Methylcobalamin (but not adenosylcobalamin) administration normalized individual cobalamin level in the blood serum. Administration of both methylcobalamin and adenosyl-cobalamin resulted in total SH-group content restoration whereas non-protein SH-group level and glutathione transferase activity were restored only in methylcobalamin-treated rats.     

Changes in the forms of iron and in concentrations of taurine, carnosine, coenzyme Q(10), and creatine in beef longissimus muscle with cooking and simulated stomach and duodenal digestion

Longissimus muscle samples from 31 Angus-cross heifers finished on either a high-concentrate feedlot diet or pasture were used to evaluate the effects of cooking (71°C) on the concentration and forms of iron in the meat, and also on concentrations of the bioactive compounds taurine, carnosine, coenzyme Q(10), creatine and creatinine. For a sub-sample of 15 the effects of pepsin and pancreatin digestion were assessed. For iron, cooking resulted in some overall loss together with a major change from soluble haem and non-haem iron to the insoluble forms, but solubility was regained to a significant extent following digestion. Total haem iron percentage, however, decreased at each step from an initial 88% to a final 61% of total iron. For the bioactive compounds, cooking led to a reduction in taurine, carnosine, coenzyme Q(10), and creatine. The effects of digestion on the bioactive compounds varied. No clear differences were shown in the way in which beef from pasture-finished and feedlot-finished cattle responded to cooking and digestion.     

Effect of biologically active food supplement coenzyme Q10 on metabolic processes in the myocardium of rats kept in different temperature conditions

In present research the action of coenzyme Q10 on energetic metabolism and antioxidant system at different temperature conditions has been studied. It was established that the addition of coenzyme Q10 caused inadequate stimulation of main metabolic systems that could lead to running out of functional reserves of cardiomyocytes. The use of coenzyme Q10 helped to optimize intracellular compensating mechanisms supplying the defense of myocardium. Introduction in a diet coenzyme Q10 in conditions of a temperature's comfort threshold excess and development of a histic hypoxia can promote the decrease of gravity of hypoxic myocardium's lesions and to glycogenolysis' amplification that promotes maintenance of an energy homeostasis of a myocardium in posthypoxia term. It is possible to assume, that the augmentation of duration of reception coenzyme Q10 or its dosages can render more expressed protective effect.     

阿魏酸类似物对强的松诱导的小鼠氧化应激的影响

本实验研究阿魏酸及其类似物姜黄素、谷维素对小鼠体内氧化应激的影响。将90 只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为6 组：正常组、模型组、阿魏酸组、姜黄素组、谷维素组和阳性对照（辅酶Q10）组。每3 d正常组肌肉注射生理盐水,其他组注射40 mg/kg mb强的松进行造模。正常组和模型组饲喂正常饲料,其他4 组每千克饲料中分别添加40 mg的阿魏酸、姜黄素、谷维素和辅酶Q10。饲养4 周后开始进行行为学实验（糖水偏好和强迫游泳实验）,饲养8 周后处死小鼠,并提取心、肝、腿部肌肉的线粒体,测定线粒体、血浆、肝脏、心脏和肌肉组织中的氧化应激相关指标。结果表明：1）阿魏酸组小鼠体质量较初始体质量明显下降;辅酶Q10组小鼠的糖水偏好程度显著高于模型组和阿魏酸组（P＜0.05）。姜黄素、谷维素和辅酶Q10组小鼠在强迫游泳实验中的绝望状态时间均显著短于模型组（P＜0.05）。2）阿魏酸、姜黄素、谷维素和辅酶Q10小鼠下丘脑促肾上腺素释放激素和垂体促肾上腺皮质激素的含量均显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）。谷维素和辅酶Q10组小鼠血浆皮质酮的含量显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）。3）谷维素组和辅酶Q10组血浆和组织中的丙二醛含量显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）,过氧化氢酶活力显著高于模型组（P＜0.05）。4）谷维素和辅酶Q10组的组织中总超氧化物歧化酶活力和肌肉线粒体中Mn-SOD活力显著高于模型组（P＜0.05）。5）谷维素组和辅酶Q10组线粒体膜电位显著高于模型组（P＜0.05）,辅酶Q10组线粒体中NADH/NAD＋比值和乙酰辅酶A含量显著高于模型组（P＜0.05）。在本实验条件下,综合抗应激和组织线粒体抗氧化能力由小到大依次为阿魏酸＜姜黄素＜谷维素＜辅酶Q10。对于提高组织中抗氧化酶的活力和改善氧化应激造成的线粒体功能紊乱,谷维素和辅酶Q10的效果显著大于阿魏酸和姜黄素,其中阿魏酸抗氧化能力最差,辅酶Q10抗氧化能力最高,谷维素抗氧化能力接近于辅酶Q10。经过初步判断,阿魏酸及其类似物的抗氧化能力与其亲脂性相关。     

Effect of the intake of food and of biologically active substances on the capacity of the blood serum to inhibit proteolytic activity

In experiments on rats it has been shown that the blood serum inhibiting capacity alters under the effect of biologically active substances and during digestion. Taking food, pancreozymin, serotonin and pilocarpine reduce, while vitamins (riboflavin, tocopherol and vitamin B1) elevate the level of proteolytic enzyme inhibitors in the blood serum. The capacity of vitamins to raise the blood inhibiting activity can be used in the pancreatitis management.     

花生中辅酶Q_(10)的提取工艺及含量测定

花生中富含辅酶Q10,以高效液相色谱法测量的辅酶Q10含量为指标,系统研究了利用超声波细胞破碎仪从花生中提取辅酶Q10时不同提取条件对其含量的影响。结果表明:4个因素对提取率影响大小的顺序为:提取功率>提取时间>单次辐射时间>料液比,其中提取功率和提取时间对花生中辅酶Q10的提取率有极显著影响。最佳工艺参数为:提取功率400 W,提取时间15 min,单次辐射时间为6.0 s/5.0,料液比为1∶6,在此条件下花生中辅酶Q10的提取率为92.4μg/g。     

Analysis of vitamin C, B2 and A provision in patients with obesity and cardiovascular: comparable data on the basis of foodstuff consumption and blood serum level detection

Comparative analysis of vitamin C, B2 and A sufficiency evaluation of the patients suffering from obesity and cardiovascular diseases has been done by means of rated vitamin intake on the basis of foodstuff consumption frequency and blood serum level detection. According to both methods the surveyed had optimal sufficiency with vitamin C. At lowered in comparison with recommended receipt of these vitamins with a diet in 56-94% of patients retinol blood serum concentration was within the limits of norm, while only 15% of patients had lowered concerning the bottom border of norm riboflavin blood serum level.     

Late complications in patients having undergone a gastric resection

A total of 37 patients who had undergone partial gastrectomy for duodenal or gastric ulcers, were investigated. The postoperative periods ranged from 5 to 28 years. All the patients were subjected to comprehensive clinical and neurologic examinations. The content of vitamin B12 and folic acid in the blood serum was studied by radioimmunoassay in 29 gastrectomized patients, hematological parameters (hemoglobin, serum iron, red blood cell morphology, proteinogram) were estimated in 19 patients. The mean content of vitamin B12 in the blood serum of patients was lower than in normal subjects. The mean level of folic acid in the blood of patients was also lower than in the control, however, this difference was insignificant. Nine patients had subnormal content of vitamin B12, eight of them showed manifest neurologic complications, such as myelopathy and polyneuropathy. Only 3 patients had subnormal content of folic acid in the blood serum. Weakly pronounced anemic syndrome was detected only in 2 out of 19 patients. The role of vitamin B12 deficiency in the development of neurologic symptoms has been considered.     

响应曲面法优化辅酶Q10产生菌发酵培养基

以辅酶Q10产生菌R-SL15为实验菌株,为提高其辅酶Q10产量,对其进行培养基优化,得到最优发酵培养基。采用Plackett-Burman实验设计和Box-Behnken响应面分析方法对R-SL15的培养基进行优化模型的建立,得出最优发酵培养基为:葡萄糖18.90g/L,酵母粉5.54g/L,(NH4)2SO40.98g/L,KH2PO40.95g/L,牛肉膏6g/L,MgSO4.7H2O0.75g/L,FeSO4.7H2O100mg/L,NaCl10g/L,蒸馏水1L。辅酶Q10产量为51.31mg/L,比优化前的25.74mg/L提高了99.34%。该回归模型高度显著(R2=0.9423),拟合性好,可用于预测。     

The connection between vitamin and antioxidant status of the children with decreased hemoglobin level

The investigation of vitamin sufficiency of 96 children 4-15 years old living in Moscow with decreased hemoglobin level (less 120 g/l) has been carried out in spring in 2001. Most of the children (90 per cent) had the combined deficiency of B group vitamins and carotenoids while they were sufficiently vitamin C supplied. There were only 2 per cent of children adequately supplied with all vitamins. Range correlation between hemoglobin blood level and riboflavin and tocopherols serum concentration has been observed. Marked negative linear correlation between riboflavin and malone dialdehyde serum content has been revealed: more sufficiently supplied with vitamin B2 child has lower lipid oxidative product level. Thus the necessity of vitamin B2 including in complex therapy of iron deficiency is based.