喷射成形一种先进的金属热成形技术

喷射成形是一种新型快速凝固技术,近年来被广泛用于多种高性能金属材料的研究与制备。本文综述了喷射成形技术的原理、发展、特点与应用,并就其发展趋势提出了一些看法。     

Effect of Brownian Coagulation on the Liquid-liquid Decomposition in Gas-atomized Alloy Drops

Modeling and simulation have been carried out for Al-Pb alloys to investigate the Brownian coagulation effect on the microstructure development in a gas-atomized drop during the liquid-liquid decomposition. The results indicate that Brownian coagulation has a weak effect on the nucleation and a relatively strong effect on coarsening the minority phase droplets. The influence of Brownian coagulation on the liquid-liquid decomposition decreases with the increase in the diameter （or the decrease in the cooling rate） of the atomized drop.     

Modeling and Simulation of the Microstructure Evolution during a Cooling of Immiscible Alloys in the Miscibility Gap

The microstructure development during a cooling period of alloys being immiscible in the liquid state such as Al-Pb or Al-Bi has gained renewed scientific and technical interest during the last decades.Experiments have been performed to investigate the phase transformation kinetics in the liquid miscibility gap and numerical models have been developed to simulate and analyze the solidification process.The recently developed computational modeling techniques can,to some extent,be applied to describe the decomposition,the spatial phase separation and the microstructure evolution during a cooling period of an immiscible alloy through the miscibility gap.This article overviews the researches in this field.     

Microstructural Features and Mechanical Properties Induced by the Spray Forming and Cold Rolling of the Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn Alloy

Copper alloys with high strength and high conductivity are an important functional material with full of potential applications. In the present investigation, a bronze with higher tin content （Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn） was prepared successfully by spray forming, the feasibility of cold roiling this alloy was investigated, and the cold roiling characteristics of this alloy have also been discussed. The results indicate that the spray-formed Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn alloy, compared with the as-cast ingot, shows a quite fine and homogeneous single-phase structure, and, therefore shows an excellent workability. It can be cold-roiled with nearly 15% reduction in the thickness per pass and the total reduction can reach 80%. The classical border between the wrought and cast alloys is shifted to considerably higher tin contents by spray forming. After proper thermo-mechanical treatment, spray-formed Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn alloy exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Particularly, it shows a low elastic modulus （-88 GPa） and a high flow stress （over 800 MPa） after cold forming. This combination of properties is unique in the domain of metallic materials and could open new possibilities in spring technology field.     

Microstructural features of spray-formed AZ31 magnesium alloy

Abstract

Mg alloy AZ31 was spray-formed using an indigenously developed spray atomisation and deposition unit under protective atmosphere and various processing parameters were optimised. The microstructural features of the bell shaped AZ31 spray-formed deposit were characterised using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscope. It was observed that the microstructural features are critically dependent on location in the spray-formed deposits. Under optimised processing conditions, the central region of the bell shaped deposit exhibited minimal porosity and a uniform fine grained equiaxed microstructure with fine Mg₁₇Al₁₂ intermetallics preferably located at the grain boundaries. However, the peripheral regions of the spray-formed deposit indicate higher porosity with distinct microstructural characteristics different from those in the central region. These microstructural features, observed at different locations in the spray-formed deposit, have been analysed and their evolution is discussed in the light of variations in thermal and solidification conditions of the droplets in flight, during impingement as well as those of the deposition surface.     

高镁铝合金在喷射成形过程中显微组织的变化

研究了高镁铝合金在喷射成形过程中显微组织的变化.沉积态高镁铝合金基体呈全部等轴晶组织并存在少量显微孔洞是沉积态组织的主要特征.分析了等轴晶组织和显微孔洞在喷射成形中生成的机制.     

雾化喷射沉积技术的发展概况及展望

雾化喷射沉积技术是一种新的金属成形工艺，近年来发展十分迅速。本文从实验装置、传热特点、临界沉积条件、沉积材料的组织和性能及主要工业化产品等方面对该工艺进行了综述。并对雾化喷射沉积技术作了评价和展望     

Microstructure Evolution in a Rapidly Solidified Cu85Fe15 Alloy Undercooled into the Metastable Miscibility Gap

1.IntroductionThe Cu-Fe alloy system is well known as a peritecticsystem[1].It also exhibits a metastable miscibility gap inthe undercooled liquid state,as shown in Fig.1.Whena single-phase liquid is cooled into the miscibility gap,itseparates into two liquids:one is Cu-rich(L1),and theother is Fe-rich(L2).Although many researches on theCu-Fe system have been carried out[2~6],most of themfocused on the thermodynamic aspect.The effect of thecooling rate and undercooling on the liquid phase …     

双扫描雾化喷射成形工艺过程优化控制研究

本文采用“反推法”研究了雾化沉积工艺中关键参数的确定原则,并推导了双喷扫描过程中沉积平面上任意一点处金属质量流率与时间的关系。文中采用优化后的工艺参数进行了数学计算,并通过雾化沉积实验对计算结果进行了验证,对比结果证明采用“反推法”确定沉积工艺参数具有很高的计算效率和准确性,同时该结果可推广应用于任意数目喷嘴的雾化沉积工艺。     

Formation Mechanism of Microstructure of Melt Spun Al—In Immiscible Alloys

Immiscible alloys are attractive for their valuable physical and mechanical properties. In this paper, Al-ln immiscible alloy is prepared by melt spinning process and its morphological evolution is studied at various indium contents. The results show that the morphologies of the matrix phase depend on the indium content. Different morphologies lead to different distribution of the second phase particles. Due to a particular solidification mechanism of immiscible alloys, even under the melt spinning rapid solidification condition, it is still impossible to produce homogeneous Al-In hypomonotectic alloy ribbons. But for Al-In hypermonotectic alloys, there is almost no segregation of the second phase throughout the cross section of the ribbons.     

Nucleation and Growth of Atomizing Droplets during Spray Forming

In this paper, the behaviors of nucleation and growth of atomizing droplets were investigated by means of microstructure observation and theoretical analysis. The results showed that. there is a unique heterogeneous nucleation mechanism for atomizing process that pre-solid smaller particles colliding with and embedding in liquid-state larger ones act as heterogeneous nuclei. In addition, the reasons of presenting the dendritic growth was analyzed based on the nonequilibrium solute distribution theory, and the relationship between the microstructural refinement and the cooling rate of the material was given.     

喷射成形技术及其在钢铁材料上的应用

喷射成形是近年来发展非常迅速的一种近终成形先进冶金工艺技术。与传统铸造工艺及粉末冶金工艺相比,喷射成形设备、工艺简单,能生产偏析小、晶粒细、致密度高的材料。喷射成形技术在铝基合金、铁基合金、高温合金、铜合金及复合材料等方面都得到了广泛的应用。主要介绍该技术的原理及其在钢铁材料方面的应用情况,并讨论了它在钢铁领域的发展趋势,指出喷射成形工艺是一种有望替代粉末冶金工艺生产高合金钢材及一些特殊钢材的崭新工艺。     

快速凝固Al-Fe基合金的组织演化和相选择

对Ａｌ－７．８３Ｆｅ,Ａｌ－５．１６Ｆｅ（ｗｔ％）两种Ａｌ－Ｆｅ快凝条带中不同冷速部位组织进行了ＴＥＭ分析,着重考察了Ａｌ－Ｆｅ快凝合金的组织演化演化及其各竞争初生相的析出次序。结果表明,Ａｌ－Ｆｅ合金快凝组织与成分及熔体的冷速有关,对一定成分的合金,当增加其熔体冷速时,亚稳ＡｌｍＦｅ相优先于Ａｌ６Ｆｅ相析出,初生α－Ａｌ相优先金属间化合物相析出,当合金中Ｆｅ含量越低,形成无一金属间化合物的相单－     

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of ZK60 Alloy Fabricated by Simplified Rapid Solidification Powder Metallurgy (S-RS P/M) Process

This study investigated the microstructures and mechanical properties of ZK60 alloy prepared by a simplified rapid solidification powder metallurgy (RS P/M) processing system (S-RS P/M), which consists of warm press in dry air and hot extrusion. Microstructure characterizations showed that S-RS P/M alloy consisted of magnesium matrix and oxide stringers of～1 μm in width. TEM (transmission electron microscopy) observations illustrated nano-size magnesia particles (10-30 nm) constituted oxide stringer in deta...     

水火弯板加热参数对钛合金板材组织和性能的影响

通过研究钛合金在不同加热参数下进行水火弯板后的组织和性能 ,分析了水火弯板的加热温度和加热次数对钛合金的组织和性能的影响。结果表明 ,在 60 0～ 90 0℃范围内进行水火弯板时 ,合金的性能同室温的相比 ,随着加热温度的升高 ,合金的σb 有所增加 ,而σ0 .2 和δ5均较大幅度地减小。随着加热次数的增加 ,合金的σb 和σ0 .2 逐渐增加 ,而δ5则逐渐减小。合金的塑性和韧性随着加热温度的升高和加热次数的增加而下降 ,这是由表面产生脆性层和晶粒长大所造成的     

喷射成形Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si合金的热处理

首先对比研究了传统铸造和喷射成形Cu-3.2Ni-0.75S i合金的热处理特点,然后重点分析了喷射成形合金"固溶+60%冷轧态"、"60%冷轧态"和"初始态"3种状态的时效特性,讨论了时效对显微硬度和导电率的影响。结果表明,时效前的冷轧可以促进析出并提高强化效果,而时效前的先期析出相在显微硬度峰值过后快速长大是造成显微硬度迅速下降的主要原因。结果还表明,"固溶+60%冷轧态"合金可以获得最高的峰值显微硬度(301Hv),"60%冷轧态"合金则可获得最高的导电率。     

强磁场下Cu-50%Ag合金定向凝固过程中的组织及固液界面形貌演变

目的 研究强磁场下Cu-50%(质量分数)Ag合金定向凝固过程中的组织演变、固液界面形貌变化及溶质迁移行为,分析强磁场对金属凝固过程的作用机制,为强磁场下的金属材料制备提供理论借鉴和指导。方法 在不同的凝固速率与磁场条件下进行定向凝固和淬火实验,对合金的定向凝固组织、糊状区与固液界面形貌以及溶质分布行为进行考察。结果 强磁场破坏了凝固组织的定向生长,使凝固组织转变为枝晶与等轴晶共存的形貌;强磁场诱发了熔体对流,减少了糊状区中溶质的含量;强磁场改变了固液界面处的溶质分布和固液界面形貌,破坏了固液界面的稳定性。结论 强磁场通过洛伦兹力和热电磁力的共同作用,诱发了糊状区内液相的纵向环流,改变了固液界面及糊状区中的组织形貌与元素分布。     

Coarsening Manner and Microstructure Evolution of Al—In Hypermonotectic Alloy during Rapidly Cooling Process

Anumerical model reflecting the real physical processes well has been developed to predict the coarsening manner of the second phase droplets and the microstructural evolution under the common action of nucleation, diffusional growth, colliding coagulation during rapid cooling Al-In hypermonotectic alloys.The model reflects the real physical processes well and is also applicable to other immiscible alloys.     

喷射沉积柱状坯形状模型

通过坐标跟踪法建立了沉积坏形状预测模型。该模型不但考虑沉积坯任何表面点身自位置变化对沉积效果的影响，同时考虑了该点温度和其它表面点位置对该点沉积效果的影响，其计算过程严格按照喷射成形的实际过程执行，可实时计算并记录沉积坯的形貌，并验证了计算效果。本文模型可用于多种工艺下喷射沉积坯的形状预测。