一种光纤机敏蒙皮系统

在简述作者提出了的种新型的光纤传感阵列及其信号处理的神经网络方法的基础上，给出了一种光纤机敏蒙皮系统的结构及功能，阐述与分析了系统实验的结果。     

锥形光纤的连接与分束

采用熔拉法获得锥形光纤。提出了锥形传输与耦合光纤(一或多根)在锥形部分(发光区)互相耦合,从而形成光纤连接分束系统的设计方案。对锥形光纤的传输与耦合特性进行了分析,同时从实验上进行了测定。综合考虑了输出光纤形状,耦合光纤形状,以及其相对位置对锥形光纤的连接与分束耦合性能的影响。理论和实验均表明锥形光纤的锥角度在3°到12°,轴线间夹角尽量小,锥尖重叠区约为十几微米时连接分束系统的匹配最佳。     

半导体光纤温度传感器特性研究

设计了一种新颖的半导体光纤温度的传感器。通过实验的方法研究了采用不同光源时传感器的输出特性。根据实验数据了分析了传感器的灵敏度、测量范围、线性度和重复性与光源光谱性之间的关系。实验结果表明用该光纤温度传感系统可以实现对温度的非接触稳定测量。     

基于普通光纤的分布式温度传感系统

介绍了一种以标准多模光纤代替高掺锗的特种光纤作为感光纤的分布式光纤温度传感器系统。应用系统进行温度测量取得了较好的实验结果。     

光纤光栅视觉系统

利用光学衍射原理，研制成了光纤光栅衍射屏，并与计算机神经网络相结合，开发了了一种识别立体形状的视觉系统。本文介绍了光纤光栅的设计原理及计算方法，给出了系统的总体结构及工作原理，完成了三棱 柱，三棱锥、四棱柱，四棱锥和球等立体形状学习与识别，并讨论了实验结果。     

光纤通道应用系统的设计方法

光纤通道是执行高速、可靠、远距离数据传输的理想接口,但开发难度大,成本高,为此提出了一种Target方式下光纤通道应用系统的设计方法。该方法选用了FibreFAS440光纤通道协议芯片,以AT91系列ARM处理器为控制核心,ARM处理器与协议芯片的微控制器协同执行光纤通道操作的方式来提高运行效率,同时还采用了大容量的SDRAM做数据缓存来提高系统数据吞吐率。对采用该方法设计的一个光纤通道-EIDE硬盘桥接器测试的结果显示,全顺序写的最高速率可达30MB/s,全随机写的速率为21MB/s,证明了该设计方法在开发专用光纤通道设备方面的实用性。     

一种新型解调法的光纤布里渊温度传感系统

在基于瑞利散射和布里渊散射强度解调的分布式光纤布里渊温度传感系统中,为了抑制系统温漂和光纤中的应力等噪声因素影响,提出了采用最近已知温度分布曲线来解调待测温度分布曲线的新方法,并在设计的传感系统中进行了实验.实验结果表明,采用该解调法的分布式光纤布里渊温度传感系统能有效提高测温精度和稳定性,降低了系统的成本.系统的测温精度达到±0.09 K.     

以空芯光子带隙光纤作气室的全光纤甲烷检测

以空芯光子带隙光纤(PBGF)作为气体传感部件,分析了PBGF内部导光机制及其甲烷在纤芯缺陷区域的扩散特性,设计多段PBGF连接耦合弯曲成圈在一起组成的传感气室,构建一套全光纤甲烷浓度检测系统。引入分布式反馈光纤激光器的调控机制,采用谐波检测技术,实现了整体对全光纤甲烷浓度检测系统的优化。经实验,可证明由该传感部件组成的全光纤甲烷浓度检测系统能够实现甲烷浓度在线实时检测,并且甲烷浓度与相对强度成良好的线性关系,其线性度可达99.8%。     

再入式光纤陀螺实用化技术研究

再入式光纤陀螺（Re—FOG）使相互干涉的两路光循环进入光纤环,通过缩短光纤长度克服温度和应力引起的误差。本文研究了再入武光纤陀螺实用化的相关技术;提出了一种采用脉冲相位调制的信号检测方法;设计了专门的数据通讯模块。实验结果表明：所提出的信号检测方法可分离出所需循环次数的信号并解算出陀螺转速;所设计的通讯模块能保证实现陀螺与导航计算机之间的快速、稳定、准确的数据传送。再入式光纤陀螺可成为实用化的新型光纤陀螺。     

布里渊光纤陀螺光纤环形腔研究

提出了一种用于布里渊光纤陀螺的光纤环形腔设计方法。在分析了布里渊光纤陀螺原理的基础上,利用琼斯矩阵光学的理论以及光纤中的受激布里渊散射理论,详细研究了布里渊光纤环形腔的特性。通过对腔内外光强的细致分析,得出布里渊光纤陀螺环形腔对于腔的耦合系数及输入光强的要求。实验结果表明,该方法用于设置布里渊光纤陀螺工作点,能够保证斯托克斯光的最大传输效率,并有效抑制光路中的散粒噪声。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...