水力旋流器

凡是了解工厂气体净化装置的人,大概总不会忘记那个矗立在管架基础上的上圆下锥的瘦高个,这就是为从气体中去除不需要的固体颗粒操作立下汗马功劳的旋风分离器。旋风分离器是利用器体本身的特殊构造,使气流     

基于阿基米德螺线的磨盘挤出机数学模拟

介绍了阿基米德螺线磨盘挤出机的数学模拟,建立了磨盘的物理模型和数学模型,并给出了流场的速度分布和压力分布。采用CAD/CAM/CAE技术研究了磨盘转速及其槽深和槽宽对压力分布和剪切速率分布的影响。     

入口注气条件下水力旋流器的试验研究

在入口采用空气压缩机注气的条件下,进行水力旋流器分离性能的试验。对流量、分流比、气液比等参数进行了试验。试验发现,当入口含油浓度在600m g/L时,水力旋流器在流量4.10m3/h、分流比15%、气液比9%左右时有最佳的处理效果,可由不注气时的87%左右的分离效率提高到95%以上。     

倾斜入口流道的水力旋流器数值模拟分析

研究入口流道带倾角的水力旋流器模型,用GAMBIT软件建模并划分网格,运用FLUENT软件对其油水分离情况进行数值模拟,分析了传统直入口流道与带倾角入口流道的区别。发现倾斜入口模型压力降明显降低,有助于降低旋流管能耗。倾斜入口模型模拟中,底流处油的浓度较低,分离效果较好。     

水力旋流器的研究进展

主要介绍了水力旋流器的结构及工作原理以及其结构对操作参数影响的研究，分析了各参数对水力旋流器性能的影响，为水力旋流器的设计与制造提供参考。     

颗粒入口位置与粒径对旋流器分离效率的影响

水力旋流器入口截面上不同位置的颗粒存在着不同的运动轨迹,不同的运动轨迹可以直接反映旋流器的分离性能,因此,弄清楚入口截面上的分离高效区非常重要。采用EDEM-FLUENT耦合数值仿真分析方法,将入口截面离散化为一系列的节点,针对不同粒径的球形水合物颗粒,统计研究了入口各节点位置的分离效率、运动轨迹和总分离效率。得到以下结论:水合物颗粒的分离高效区位于入口的上侧和内侧的交汇区域,而下侧和外侧交汇的区域为分离低效区,中间存在一个狭小的分离中效区。分离高效区中水合物颗粒的运动轨迹主要为短路流。随着水合物粒径的减小,分离高效区会向入口上侧和内侧交汇区域收缩,并趋于稳定。提出了颗粒入口位置分离效率的新概念,并可以利用它来确定水力旋流器的总分离效率。     

水力旋流器清洗研究与应用

针对海上原油处理设备水力旋流器沉积的有机垢和聚合物对处理水水质的影响问题,通过药剂筛选,得到了一种以有机溶剂、聚合物破胶剂和高效渗透剂组成的水力旋流器清洗液。室内实验证明,该清洗液可有效清除水力旋流器内部吸附、沉积形成的聚合物和原油有机垢。通过对现场清洗后水力旋流器出水水质监测,验证了该清洗液具有很好的清洗效果,能够满足现场使用要求。     

固液分离用水力旋流器的设计

本文系统地分析了影响固液分离用水力旋流器性能的诸因素，总结了有关诸因素的研究成果，从而对该类旋流器的参数设计提供了有效指导。     

井下水力旋流器设计及应用

随着钻井深度的逐渐加深,钻井液中的固相含量会不断增大,将会导致钻速下降、钻头寿命降低.井下水力旋流器在通过钻头之前进行固相分离,这样有力的改善钻头工作环境,提高井底射流的破岩和清除岩屑的能力.现场使用表明:井下水力旋流器结构合理、性能可靠、安装拆卸方便,满足现代钻井工艺要求,具有推广前景.     

石化企业细颗粒污泥分离用旋流器的设计与优选

针对粒径中值低于50μm的油田细颗粒污泥较难处理的现状,设计并优选了一种适用于细颗粒分离用的固液旋流器。室内试验表明,设计并优选得到的主直径50mm、溢流口径12mm、锥角5度的固液旋流器在其工作流量3．2～3．6m^3／h内,可以针对粒径中值50μm以下的细颗粒污泥达到较好的分离效果。采用旋流器处理细颗粒油田污泥切实可行。     

液-液水力旋流器的研究与开发应用

液注水力旋流器倍受石油企业的重视,这主要是近年来为适应海上采油过程中油水分离时所要求的水中含油量代、占用空间水等特点。本文对这种分离过程的特点、主要的技术指标及其目前的应用状况进行了系统的总结,从实验研究、模型化研究与研究的角度对水力旋流器的研究进展进行了广泛的综述。此外,还对目前研究中存在的;问题以及今后进一步的研究方向提出了自己的见解。     

水力旋流器能耗定义及其组成分析

针对水力旋流器的能耗问题 ,阐明了水力旋流器的能耗概念以及能耗的组成 ,并详细分析了能耗和压力降之间的近似关系。     

Mechanism of Particle Separation in Small Hydrocyclone

The mechanism of particle separation in a small hydrocyclone is analyzed in this study. The separation efficiency of particles is affected by two major effects, the centrifugal and underflow effects. The fundamentals of these effects on the selectivity curve are derived from the theories of hydrodynamics. Three JIS particulate samples are separated in a 10-mm hydrocyclone. The proposed mechanism can be demonstrated by the available data. An increase in split ratio leads to an increase in the separation efficiency only for fine particles; consequently, a decrease in the separation sharpness results in a remarkable fishhook phenomenon. When the feed rate is increased by increasing the pressure drop through the hydrocyclone, the entire partial separation efficiency will be improved, but the separation sharpness and fishhook depth have no substantial varieties. The proposed mechanism can be used for explaining these phenomena, for the selection of optimum operating conditions, and for the hydrocyclone design.     

旋流分离技术在石油、石化工业中的应用

介绍了旋流分离器的基本结构和工作原理,并将旋流分离与其他几种分离技术在油污水处理方面进行了比较,综述了旋流分离技术用于油水分离、油污水处理、原油或其他油品脱水的研究与发展现状,并展望了旋流分离技术在石油、石化工业中的应用前景。     

Pilot Test on the Removal of Coke Powder from Quench Oil Using a Hydrocyclone

According to the characteristics of quench oil and coke powder, an experimental setup is designed with a hydrocyclone for a pilot test. The relationships between structure size, flow rate, pressure drop, and separation efficiency are evaluated. The separation is successful in stable, long‐period operations without complications. The stability of the separation significantly helps decrease covert damage to equipment such as fractionating towers, pumps, and heat‐exchange facilities.     

水力旋流器湍流数值模拟及湍流结构

采用湍流代数应力模型对水力旋流器内湍流场进行了数值模拟,数值计算结果验证了实测数据。用数值计算与实验研究相结合的方法深入揭示了旋流器内的湍流结构,结果表明,旋流器内湍动能分布呈两边高中间低的不对称鞍形;湍动勇耗散率分布与湍动能的分布有十分相似的规律;溢流管端以下内旋流区域中湍流压力脉动强度以及压力相对脉动强度均很大。     

水力旋流器流动特性的数值模拟研究

本文采用双流体模型以及RSM雷诺应力湍流模型,以油水混合液为介质,对水力旋流器的油水分离过程进行模拟。研究结果表明:旋流腔为预分离段,使油水两相粒子达到径向上的规律性分布,起到主要分离作用的是锥段,使油水两相分别从不同的出口排出。通过改变水力旋流器的入口段角度,分析入口角度变化为旋流器分离效率的影响,结果表明:旋流器的入口角度对分离性能的影响不可忽略,当β=0°和β=45°时分离效率较高,当β=60°时分离效率最低。     

CFD Simulation of Inlet Design Effect on Deoiling Hydrocyclone Separation Efficiency

An Eulerian‐Eulerian three‐dimensional CFD model was developed to study the effect of different inlet designs on deoiling hydrocyclone separation efficiency. Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes and continuity equations were applied to solve steady turbulent flow through the cyclone with the Reynolds stress model. In addition, the modified drag correlation for liquid‐liquid emulsion with respect to the Reynolds number range and viscosity ratio of two phases was used and the simulation results were compared with those predicted by the Schiller‐Naumann correlation. Pressure profile, tangential and axial velocities and separation efficiency of the deoiling hydrocyclone were calculated for four different inlet designs and compared with the standard design. The simulation results for the standard design demonstrate an acceptable agreement with reported experimental data. The results show that all new four inlet designs offer higher efficiencies compared to the standard design. The difference between the efficiency of the LLHC, of the new inlets and the standard design can be improved by increasing the inlet velocity. Furthermore, the simulations show that the separation efficiency can be improved by about 10 % when using a helical form of inlet.     

Trace Dissolved Oxygen Removal Using a Hydrocyclone to Enhance Denitrification

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is entrained by mixed liquid recirculation (MLR) into the anoxic basin in the pre‐denitrification biological nitrogen removal (PDBNR) process and should be removed to enhance denitrification. A laboratory‐scale PDBNR reactor with an anoxic basin divided into two isometric components was built to investigate the effect of a hydrocyclone on DO removal from the MLR and the subsequent denitrification. The denitrification rate of the mixture of influent and hydrocyclone‐treated nitrified wastewater increased with increasing DO and was higher than that of the wastewater in a conventional anoxic component. More total nitrogen was removed in the anoxic component due to the application of the hydrocyclone in the MLR of a laboratory‐scale reactor and a full‐scale anoxic/aerobic reactor.