PC-based position error signal generation and servo system for a spinstand

We describe a high-performance servo control system for enhancement of spinstand servo performance. This PC-based system uses a multifunction I/O card for controller output and a high-speed digitizer card capable of sampling the frequency-encoded servo pattern at 500 MS/s. The PC, running under the Linux operating system, uses the Goertzel algorithm decoding scheme to calculate the position error signal (PES) at a 15-kHz update rate for feedback control. The control signal drives a custom-made lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuator, which moves the suspension and thus the read/write head. A proportional and integral (PI) type servo controller supports a 1.1-kHz servo bandwidth, producing a 21.9% improvement of the positioning accuracy of the spinstand.     

An adaptive filter for the processing of position error signal in disk drives

A novel circuit used to process analog position error information in a disk drive head-positioning servo system drastically reduces noise in the signal and compensates for effects due to insufficient position sample rate at high carriage velocities. The processed signal does not suffer from envelope droop at high carriage velocities, and lends itself well to track counting algorithms. Because the filter's bandwidth and low-frequency gain are controlled by carriage velocity information, the filter characteristics adapt to environmental conditions for near optimal reduction of noise.     

Intensity-ratio error compensation for triangular-pattern phase-shifting profilometry

We present an intensity-ratio error-compensation method to decrease the measurement error caused by projector gamma nonlinearity and image defocus in triangular-pattern phase-shifting profilometry. The intensity-ratio measurement error is first determined by simulating the measurement with the triangular-pattern phase-shifting method with ideal and real captured triangular-pattern images based on the ideal and real gamma nonlinearity functions. A lookup table that stores the intensity-ratio measurement error corresponding to the measured intensity ratio is constructed and used for intensity-ratio error compensation. Experiments demonstrated that the intensity-ratio error compensation method significantly reduced the measurement error in the triangular-pattern phase-shifting method by 28.5%.     

电动负载模拟器的非线性因素分析及补偿

为提高电动负载模拟器系统的动态性能和信号跟踪准确度,提出针对系统摩擦非线性和间隙非线性进行补偿的方法。分析系统存在的非线性因素及其对系统造成的影响,在此基础上建立其非线性数学模型。采用基于小波神经网络的PID控制器实现摩擦非线性补偿,同时利用间隙逆模型针对间隙非线性进行补偿。利用Matlab软件对补偿结果进行仿真验证,仿真结果显示经过补偿后系统正弦响应曲线跟随性能变好,跟踪误差明显减小,准确度得到很大改善。仿真结果证明:基于小波神经网络的PID控制器和间隙逆模型分别对摩擦非线性和间隙非线性有明显的抑制效果,系统动态性能得到提高。     

振动控制中压电作动器非线性的补偿方法研究

在周期振动的自适应控制中,压电作动器的非线性特性会产生高次谐波,激发高阶模态振动。为抑制压电作动器的高次谐波激励,同时结合自适应振动控制的特点,提出一种新的作动器非线性补偿方法。该方法将作动器的非线性与结构的动态特性部分融合,用正交多项式从输入输出信号中拟合静态非线性及其逆变换,计算过程简单,数值稳定性高。在控制通道中,通过逆变换对控制信号进行预处理,使得补偿后的输入输出具有线性系统的特征,而输入输出之间的相位差完全由自适应算法进行补偿。实验结果表明,所给出的补偿方法能够抑制高次谐波,并改善了振动控制效果。     

Wavefront error caused by centroid position random error

The wavefront error caused by centroid position random error is derived in detail, and an exact formula, which evaluates the wavefront error associated with the centroid position random error, is obtained when the Zernike modes are used as the basis for wavefront reconstruction. The formula is proved by two Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensors with different wavefront reconstruction matrices, and it can precisely describe the wavefront measuring error caused by centroid position random error.     

Capacitive transducer for relative position error galvo mirrors

A transducer was designed to sense small angular displacements of servo-controlled galvo mirrors in rotary optical storage devices. The transducer is differential in nature, and operates on the principle of linear electrical capacitance variation with area overlap of uniquely shaped capacitor plates. These capacitive plates lie in planes normal to the axis of rotation, and consist of many electrically connected wedge-shaped projections aligned radially to the center of rotation. A prototype was fabricated and tested. For optical storage devices, experimentally determined characteristic curves show sufficient linearity and repeatability for relative position error (RPE) feedback applications, at plate spacings of 0.15 mm or less. A design change, for further extending the linear range of the characteristic curve of the transducer beyond RPE feedback requirements, is described. A circuit design to produce voltage variations proportional to differential capacitance changes in the transducer is discussed, and peak-to-peak signal-to-noise ratio is conservatively approximated at 2×10⁴ with 10 kHz bandwidth     

光扭矩传感器信号转换误差分析

光扭矩传感器的输出信号在进行光电转换过程中，由于温度影响，造成了直流电平漂移误差，影响系统的测量精度。对直流电平漂移误差进行了分析，针对产生误差的原因提出了采用正负温度补偿、热敏电阻和差动电路三种补偿方案，并进行了比较。实验结果表明，采用差动补偿电路的方法，效果良好，能有效地消除直流电平漂移误差。     

宽带信号检测中自适应门限设定方法

在水声定位中,常常需要估计声波从发射端到接收端的传输时间。但由于传输距离的影响,接收到的声波信号强度变化范围很大,给检测带来不便。基于线性调频脉冲信号相关检测,提出了一种自适应门限设定方法,可以在一定的条件下替代自动增益控制电路。这一方法根据发射信号、传输信道、发射系统和接收系统的参数,依据声信号到达接收端的时刻,自动调整相关峰检测时的门限值,简便易行。仿真和湖上试验结果表明,这一方法可以有效地保证计算信号到达时刻的准确性。     

Phase error compensation for three-dimensional shape measurement with projector defocusing

This paper analyzes the phase error for a three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement system that utilizes our recently proposed projector defocusing technique. This technique generates seemingly sinusoidal structured patterns by defocusing binary structured patterns and then uses these patterns to perform 3D shape measurement by fringe analysis. However, significant errors may still exist if an object is within a certain depth range, where the defocused fringe patterns retain binary structure. In this research, we experimentally studied a large depth range of defocused fringe patterns, from near-binary to near-sinusoidal, and analyzed the associated phase errors. We established a mathematical phase error function in terms of the wrapped phase and the depth z. Finally, we calibrated and used the mathematical function to compensate for the phase error at arbitrary depth ranges within the calibration volume. Experimental results will be presented to demonstrate the success of this proposed technique.     

动态测量光栅测长仪的位置误差

介绍了一种光栅测量系统动态位置精度评定的方法,以现有的光栅测长仪为研究对象,高精度HP5529A双频激光干涉仪作为校准系统.利用光栅测长仪编码器产生的A-quad-B脉冲信号触发激光干涉仪进行同步动态数据采集,由激光干涉仪软件来获取和显示位置误差数据,并绘制更真实详细的动态误差图.最后对动态误差实验结果进行分析和讨论.     

Kinematic error modeling and error compensation of desktop 3D printer

Desktop 3D printers have revolutionized how designers and makers prototype and manufacture certain products.Highly popular fuse deposition modeling(FDM)desktop printers have enabled a shift to low-cost consumer goods markets,through reduced capital equipment investment and consumable material costs.However,with this drive to reduce costs,the computer numerical control(CNC)systems implemented in FDM printers are often compromised by poor accuracy and contouring errors.This condition is most critical as users begin to use 3D-printed components in load-bearing applications or to perform mechanical functions.Improved methods of low-cost 3D printer calibration are needed before their open-design potential can be realized in applications,including 3D-printed orthotics and prosthetics.This paper applies methodologies associated with high-precision CNC machining systems,namely,kinematic error modeling and compensation coupled with standardized test methods from ISO230-4,such as the ballbar for kinematic and dynamic error measurements,to examine the influence and feasibility for use on low-cost CNC/3D printing platforms.Recently,the U.S.Food and Drug Administration's"Technical considerations for additive manufactured medical devices"highlighted the need to develop standards specific to additive manufacturing in regulated manufacturing environments.This paper shows the benefits of the methods described within ISO230-4 for error assessment,alongside applying kinematic error modeling and compensation to the popular kinematic configuration of an Ultimaker 3D printer.A Renishaw ballbar QC10 is used to quantify the Ultimaker's errors and thereby populate the error model.This method quantifies machine errors and populates these in a mathematical model of the CNC system.Then,a post-processor can be used to compensate the printing code.Subsequently,the ballbar is used to demonstrate the dramatic impact of the error compensation model on the accuracy and contouring of the Ultimaker printer with 58%reduction in overall circularity error and 90%reduction in squareness error.     

Sound speed meter with systematic error compensation

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 9, pp. 45–47, September, 1989.     

A transformer-type displacement digitizer with error compensation

A new precision circuit has been developed for a phase-type transformer displacement converter in which the errors of the phase shifter are balanced out; the working principle is described. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 26–27, October, 2007.     

Analog-to-digital angular displacement converter with error compensation

The operating principle of a new analog-to-digital angular displacement converter circuit that makes it possible to reduce the error of the phase shifter is considered. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 8, pp. 31–33, August, 2007.     

基于原始误差项快速辨识的空间几何误差补偿

在误差补偿中,误差项辨识和误差补偿一直是研究的重点,国内外许多学者对此开展了许多工作,但总的来说,仍然缺乏一种高精度并能够快速获得机床几何误差信息的测量仪器．目前的误差补偿方法,由于机床误差产生的原因很多,难以找到合适的通用数学模型进行误差分解,故难以推广应用．本文设计并实现了一种基于原始误差项快速辨识的空间几何误差补偿方法,使得在精度等级稍低的机床上实现更高精度等级加工的效果．     

Adaptive error analysis in seepage problems

Numerical experiments in adapting variations of a computationally simple error estimator (the Zienkiewicz-Zhu estimator) to an existing finite element code are shown. The error estimator used allows both overall and local errors to be estimated. From the local estimates of error, refinements of the mesh are calculated to reach a prescribed error tolerance. These calculated refinements are used by a mesh refiner to produce a modified mesh which lowers the overall error to the prescribed value while keeping the mesh as crude as possible. The physical example on which these numerical experiments are performed is that of free surface flow through an earth dam with a toe drain. It is also shown how the problem formulation affects the error analysis and how the choice of computational scheme affects the mesh adaptation.     

可见光通信中LED非线性补偿和带宽拓展技术

可见光通信(VLC)是一项有前景的技术,作为现有无线通信网络的有益补充,可提供高速率、低延迟及多设备接入等通信服务。借助传统无线通信的高性能编码调制技术,已经设计并实现了各种适配于VLC系统的物理层通信技术。不同于传统射频通信,VLC采用LED作为信号的发射源,LED的调制容易产生非线性失真且调制带宽有限,已成为VLC高速通信的技术瓶颈。针对这两方面的挑战,本文以白光LED为出发点,阐述了白光LED能有效兼顾照明和通信的特性,总结和分类了非线性失真补偿和拓展调制带宽的多种技术,最后本文提出了LED封装材料及工艺、新型Micro-LED器件研究、光源布局设计、码间干扰消除技术等开放性研究问题,以期提高可见光通信系统的性能。