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1.
Neha M. Sahasrabudhe Jelleke Dokter‐Fokkens Paul de Vos 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2016,60(11):2514-2522
2.
Starch was isolated from four new waxy barleys and compared with normal and high‐amylose barley starch. The waxy barley samples were selected lines from crosses of Swedish hulled and naked barley cultivars with the cultivar Azhul as donor of the waxy gene. The starches from the waxy barley samples were found to contain 0.7–2.6% amylose when determined iodimetrically by amperometric titration and 0.0–0.9% when determined by size exclusion chromatography after debranching. However, Sepharose CL‐2B elution profiles of the starches detected by iodine staining showed that all four waxy samples were free from detectable amounts of amylose. The amylopectin starches were found to contain a small polysaccharide fraction with molecular size smaller than amylopectin, with an iodine staining λmax range of 550–600 nm. The water extractable and acid extractable β‐glucan contents in the waxy barley cultivars were generally found to be higher than those in normal barley. 相似文献
3.
This paper describes initial experiments carried out in a collaborative study with Perten Instruments, Sweden, using Near‐Infrared spectroscopy to assess β‐glucan content in single grains of barley and malt. In general, the method needs further development, but this study shows that it has potential as a valuable tool for assessing endosperm modification of malt. The method is fast and non‐destructive and therefore allows other parameters related to endosperm modification to be analysed using the same grains. 相似文献
4.
This study explored the dose‐dependent effect of oat cereal β‐glucan on improving metabolic indexes of obesity mice. C57‐Bl mice were randomized to chow diet (N) group and high fat diet group and other three doses of oat β‐glucan groups (low β‐glucan, medium β‐glucan, and high β‐glucan). Energy intake, glucose, lipids, and appetite related hormones were tested. Dose‐dependent relation was observed on oat β‐glucan doses and body weight change, average energy intake, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, plasma neural peptide Y, arcuate neural peptide Y mRNA, and arcuate neural peptide Y receptor 2 mRNA level. Oat β‐glucan helped to increase plasma peptide Y‐Y and intestine peptide Y‐Y expression in obesity mice. 相似文献
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Pirkko Kuusela Jari J. Hmlinen Pekka Reinikainen Juhani Olkku 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2004,110(4):309-319
A dynamic model was developed that describes the formation of β‐glucanase and the degradation of β‐glucans at different temperatures and grain moistures during the germination of malting barley. The process was analysed by simulations and by solving an optimal control problem for maximising the β‐glucanase activity. The results demonstrate the effects of controlling dynamically the germination process and improve the understanding of cytolysis in germination. 相似文献
7.
Junzhou Ding Yufang Wang Shanbai Xiong Siming Zhao Qilin Huang 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2013,48(2):253-259
With a view to utilise yeast (1→3)‐β‐d ‐glucan as biological response modifiers with better water solubility, carboxymethylation was carried out by a two‐step alkalisation and etherification with monochloroacetic acid. Four technological parameters of carboxymethylation were investigated by orthogonal experiments for obtaining the maximum degree of substitution (DS), apparent viscosity (η) and solubility of carboxymethyl derivatives. In view of the orthogonal analysis, the optimal technological parameters were reaction temperature 50 °C, total reaction time 5 h, 3 mL of 50% sodium hydroxide as the second alkali dosage and 15 mL of 4 m chloroacetic acid. In addition, it was found that ball milling pretreatment for original (1→3)‐β‐d ‐glucan can be an advantage for carboxymethylation. By contrast, DS, η and solubility of carboxymethyl product increased 24%, 6% and 22%, respectively, suggesting the effect of ball milling pretreatment could not be neglected on improvement of DS, η and solubility for carboxymethyl products. 相似文献
8.
Khaled El‐Zahar Mahmoud Sitohy Michle Dalgalarrondo Yvan Choiset Franois Mtro Thomas Haertl Jean‐Marc Chobert 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2004,48(3):177-183
Ovine whey proteins were fractionated and studied by using different analytical techniques. Anion‐exchange chromatography and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed the presence of two fractions of β‐lactoglobulin but only one of α‐lactalbumin. Gel permeation and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis allowed the calculation of the apparent molecular mass of each component, while HPLC coupled to electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) technique, giving the exact molecular masses, demonstrated the presence of two variants A and B of ovine β‐lactoglobulin. Amino acid compositions of the two variants of β‐lactoglobulin differed only in their His and Tyr contents. Circular dichroism spectroscopy profiles showed pH conformation changes of each component. The thermograms of the different whey protein components showed a higher heat resistance of β‐lactoglobulin A compared to β‐lactoglobulin B at pH 2, and indicated high instability of ovine α‐lactalbumin at this pH. 相似文献
9.
V. K. Raina R. K. Lal Savita Tripathi M. Khan K. V. Syamasundar S. K. Srivastava 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》2002,17(2):144-146
An Erratum for this article has been published in Flavour and Fragrance Journal 17(5) 2002, 404. The essential oil composition of four genetically diverse stocks of Murraya koenigii leaves cultivated at the CIMAP Research Farm, Lucknow, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. The oil from the stock of the northern Indian plains, Lucknow, showed β‐pinene (70.0%), β‐caryophyllene (6.5%) and α‐pinene (5.4%) as the major constituents, while the oil from the stock of the lower Himalayan range, Pant Nagar, showed α‐pinene (65.7%), β‐pinene (13.4%) and β‐phellandrene (7.4%) as the major constituents. In contrast to the above, the oil from the stock of southern India, Kozhikode, showed β‐caryophyllene (53.9%), aromadendrene (10.7%) and α‐selinene (6.3%) as the major constituents. On the other hand, the oil from the stock of eastern India, Bhubaneshwar, showed β‐phellandrene (30.2%), β‐caryophyllene (24.2%), α‐pinene (15.0%), (E)‐β‐ocimene (5.0%) and aromadendrene (4.5%) as the major constituents. The GC–MS analysis of the stock oil samples from the northern Indian plains, lower Himalayan range, southern and eastern India resulted in the identification of 65, 56, 57 and 66, constituents, representing 99.2%, 98.8%, 87.4% and 98.2% of the oils, respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
The essential oil of Nepeta racemosa (Lamiaceae) was prepared by hydrodistillation and was analysed by a combination of GC and GC–MS. Twenty‐four components were identified, constituting approximately 99.3% of the oil. The major constituents of essential oil were 4aβ,7α,7aβ‐nepetalactone (33.6%), 4aα,7α,7aβ‐nepetalactone (25.6%), 4aα,7α,7aα‐nepetalactone (24.4%) and 1,8‐cineole (9%). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
L. F. De Buyck H. L. De Pooter N. M. Schamp R De Bruyn Weiguo Zhang M. Bud &#x;ínský O. Motl 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》1989,4(2):53-57
The structure of the new sesquiterpene alcohol β-copaen-4α-ol, isolated as a major constituent of the volatile fraction of Otacanthus coeruleus Lindl., was assigned using NMR information. The otherwise difficult discrimination between copaene and ylangene structures can be made unambiguously by a 13C-NMR criterion. All 13C-chemical shifts of the carbon atoms in copaene-ylangene pairs are nearly superimposable, except for those of C-2 and C-6 which show striking differences (11 ppm). These differences are rationalized by invoking sterically induced shifts caused by 1,4-'flagpole'-interactions between the hydrogen atoms on C-6 and C-9 (for copaenes) or on C-2 and C-9 (for ylangenes) in boatlike conformations. In the 1H-NMR spectra, the chemical shift of the ‘compressed’ hydrogen atoms H-6 (in the copaene) and H-2 (in the ylangene) shows a 0.5 ppm downfield shift in comparison with the chemical shift of the unhindered ones (H-2 in the copaene and H-6 in the ylangene). 相似文献
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Bo Liu Tao Yang Linna Zeng Limin Shi Yan Li Zanguo Xia Xuping Xia Qinlu Lin Feijun Luo 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2016,51(12):2574-2582
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is highly prevalent worldwide and includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. It is a high incidence rate disease all over the world and an inducement of colon cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) against colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) in mice. ICR mice were administered FBT orally for 7 days before drinking 3% DSS (w/v). The FBT significantly attenuated the symptoms of colitis including diarrhoea, rectal bleeding and loss of body weight. FBT reduced the shortening of colon length and alleviated the histopathological damages. The myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde level in colon tissues were also significantly decreased by FBT. Besides, FBT treatment obviously suppressed the expression of the inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IFN‐γ. Our results provide a safe and efficient method for preventing and treating colitis. 相似文献
14.
Jesús Pal‐Paúl M. Jos Prez‐Alonso Arturo Velasco‐Negueruela M. Teresa Ballesteros Jesús Sanz 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》2006,21(3):410-415
The essential oil from the aerial parts of Sideritis hirsuta L. gathered in Guadalajara Province, Spain, has been extracted by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 73 compounds have been identified, monoterpene compounds being the most important. The principal constituents have been identified as β‐phellandrene (23.8%), α‐phellandrene (9.2%), α‐pinene (8.2%) and (Z)‐β‐guaiene (8.1%). Although the chemical composition of the essential oil of this species from other provinces is similar, 44 of the 73 identified compounds have not been previously reported in this species. It is the first time that the sesquiterpene (Z)‐β‐guaiene (8.1%) has been detected and mentioned as a major constituent in this species, therefore it could be considered to describe a new chemotype for Sideritis hirsuta L. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Masahiro Kurakake Yuuki Yamanouchi Kouta Kinohara Shingo Moriyama 《Journal of food science》2013,78(4):C502-C506
Streptomyces sp Mo endo‐β‐1,3‐glucanase was found to have hydrolyzing activity toward curdlan and released laminarioligosaccharides selectively. The molecular weight was estimated to be 36000 Da and its N‐terminal amino acid sequence was VTPPDISVTN. The optimal pH was 6 and the enzyme was found to be stable from pH 5 to 8. The optimal temperature was 60 °C and the activity was stable below 50 °C. The enzyme hydrolyzed selectively curdlan containing only β‐1,3 linkages. The enzyme had 89% relative activity toward Laminaria digitata laminarin, which contains a small amount of β‐1,6 linkages compared with curdlan, while Eisenia bicyclis laminarin with a higher amount of β‐1,6‐linkages, was not hydrolyzed. Mo enzyme adsorbed completely on curdlan powder. The enzymatic hydrolysis of curdlan powder resulted in the accumulation of laminaribiose (yield 81.7%). Trisaccharide was inevitably released from the hydrolysis of laminarioligosaccharides with 5 to 7 degrees of polymerization (DP). Although the enzyme cleaved off disaccharide (DP 2) from tetrasaccharide (DP 4), the reaction rate was lower than those of DP 5 to 7. The results indicated that the active site of Mo endo‐β‐1,3‐glucanase can efficiently recognize glucosyl residue chain of greater than DP 5 and hydrolyzes the β‐1,3 linkage between the 3rd and 4th glucosyl residue. 相似文献
16.
F. Fekam Boyom P. H. Amvam Zollo H. Agnaniet C. Menut J. M. Bessire 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》2003,18(4):296-298
The essential oils obtained from the leaves and stem bark of Uvariastrum pierreanum Engl. (Engl. & Diels) (Annonaceae), collected in Cameroon, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. The leaf oil was found to contain a majority of monoterpenes, with α‐ and β‐pinenes (43.8%) as the major constituents, while the stem bark extract comprised sesquiterpenoids only. In this class of compounds, the leaf and stem bark oils were found to be qualitatively similar, with a predominance of bisabolane (35.9%) and bergamotane (23.9%)‐type structures. None of these two samples revealed interesting antiradical activity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Qian‐Qian He Liu Yang Jia‐Yu Zhang Jian‐Nan Ma Chao‐Mei Ma 《Journal of food science》2014,79(10):C1970-C1983
Ten compounds were isolated and purified from the peels of gold‐red apple (Malus domestica) for the 1st time. The identified compounds are 3β, 20β‐dihydroxyursan‐28‐oic acid (1), 2α‐hydroxyoleanolic acid (2), euscaphic acid (3), 3‐O‐p‐coumaroyl tormentic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), 2α‐hydroxyursolic acid (6), oleanolic acid (7), betulinic acid (8), linolic acid (9), and α‐linolenic acid (10). Their structures were determined by interpreting their nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry (MS) spectra, and by comparison with literature data. Compound 1 is new, and compound 2 is herein reported for the 1st time for the genus Malus. α‐Glucosidase inhibition assay revealed 6 of the triterpenoid isolates as remarkable α‐glucosidase inhibitors, with betulinic acid showing the strongest inhibition (IC50 = 15.19 μM). Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization MS analysis of the fruit peels, pomace, flesh, and juice revealed that the peels and pomace contained high levels of triterpenes, suggesting that wastes from the fruit juice industry could serve as rich sources of bioactive triterpenes. 相似文献
18.
Milton Helio L. da Silva Eloisa Helena A. Andrade Maria das Graas B. Zoghbi Arnaldo Iran R. Luz Joo Domingos da Silva Jos Guilherme S. Maia 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》1999,14(4):208-210
The essential oils of aerial parts of three samples of Lantana camara L. collected at different places in the Amazon Region were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC–MS. The main constituents found in the oil of leaves and thin branches of a specimen collect in the State of Amapá (sample A) were limonene (16.5%), α‐phellandrene (16.4%), germacrene‐D (13.2%), β‐caryophyllene (10.8%) and sabinene (8.9%). The major components identified in the oil of leaves and thin branches of a specimen collected in the State of Roraima (sample B) were germacrene‐D (28.4%), germacrene‐B (9.1%) and β‐caryophyllene (5.6%). The specimen collected in the State of Pará (sample C) furnished oils from leaves plus thin branches and flowers, separately. Both were dominated by γ‐curcumene+ar‐curcumene (27.6%; 31.9%), α‐zingiberene (19.2%; 15.5%) and α‐humulene (10.7%; 9.5%), respectively. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
EJ. Nso P.E. Ajebesome C.M. Mbofung G.H. Palmer 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2003,109(3):245-250
The malting characteristics of sorghum malts produced locally in Cameroon for Bili‐Bili brewing were compared with those of malts produced in a laboratory. The analytical values of both malts were similar but the brewing potential of the laboratory malts were marginally better than those of the locally produced malts. Of the three cultivars examined, Madjeru had the lowest levels of β‐amylase, maltose levels and fermentability. The worts of the Madjeru filtered the slowest of the three malts. During malting β‐glucanase developed rapidly and development was temperature‐dependent. 相似文献