7-羟基全氢化恶唑并恶嗪在皮革工业中的应用

本文报导了新型鞣剂7-羟基全氢化恶唑并恶嗪(以下简称OX-Z)在皮革鞣制中的应用.OX-Z对浸酸绵羊皮单独鞣制可使收缩温度升高到87℃,最佳鞣制条件为:pH10.0,OX-Z用量5%,鞣制时间8h.先用5%OX-Z预鞣后,皮子再用4%的标准铬粉鞣制8h,其收缩温度可达到95℃以上.OX-Z与铬结合鞣的坯革其厚度、撕裂强度、规定负荷伸长率和断裂伸长率均有所增加,而抗张强度则有所下降.     

Granofin FCC、塔拉栲胶、磺化油在无铬鞣工艺中的应用研究

对Granofin FCC、塔拉栲胶在无铬鞣制中的应用进行了研究。分别就FCC鞣剂的单独鞣制以及二者的结合鞣制应用实验进行了研究。同时对鞣后革的收缩温度、物理机械性能等进行了测试。结果表明，单独用6％～8％的FCC鞣制以及加脂后的革的收缩温度为74～76℃；而二者结合鞣制和加脂后的革的收缩温度为85～88℃。因此，结合鞣制比FCC单独鞣制效果好，说明二者存在协同效应。同时结合鞣制的绵羊成革的断裂伸长率、抗张强度、撕裂强度分别为35％、12．5MPa、43．6N／mm。因此二者结合鞣制工艺是无铬鞣法可以借鉴的方法之一，特别是对于浅色革的生产。     

无盐浸酸高吸收铬鞣方法的研究

将芳砜型鞣剂用于预鞣建立了无盐浸酸高吸收铬鞣的方法。研究结果表明，预鞣的最佳条件为，芳砜型鞣剂用量4％，pH值6.0，温度35℃，时间4h：预鞣皮的收缩温度可达68℃。在无盐浸酸后用5％的标准铬粉鞣制，铬鞣废液中的铬含量可降至0．2gCr2O3／1以下，得到的蓝湿革与常规铬鞣蓝湿革无明显差别。     

鞣剂7-羟基全氢化恶唑并恶嗪的合成与性质研究

7-羟基全氢化恶唑并恶嗪(以下简称OX-Z)的合成方法在法国专利中已有报道,但对其性质的研究还比较少.本文对它的合成作了简单的介绍,对它的理化性质做了一定的研究,并通过紫外光谱和毛细管电泳的研究得出结论:OX-Z在强酸强碱中易于发生转化,在空气中长期放置以后可以缓慢地转化成N,N-二羟乙基甘氨酸(Bicine).OX-Z具有鞣性, 对浸酸绵羊皮单独鞣制可使收缩温度升高到87℃,研究得到的最佳鞣制条件为:pH10.0,OX-Z用量5%,鞣制时间8h.     

没食子酸与铬铝结合鞣制研究

在植物鞣剂与金属盐结合鞣制研究的基础上,以小分子的没食子酸代替大分子栲胶与金属盐结合鞣制,以收缩温度变化为考察指标,对没食子酸与铬鞣剂和铝盐鞣剂结合鞣制性能进行研究。结果表明:没食子酸具有一定的鞣性;用3%的没食子酸(山羊酸皮质量计)进行预鞣处理后,再用10%铝盐鞣制,收缩温度可达91.4℃。与同用量的铝盐鞣制坯革相比,收缩温度提高了23.7℃,证明了没食子酸与铝盐结合鞣制具有很好的协同鞣制效应。当没食子酸与铬鞣剂进行结合鞣制时,没食子酸对结合鞣制没有增效作用;用3%的没食子酸进行预鞣处理后,再用2%铬鞣剂和5%铝盐共同鞣制,可以使坯革收缩温度达到103.5℃,相对于酸皮提高了50.0℃,说明没食子酸对铬鞣剂和铝盐三元结合鞣有良好的增效作用。     

乙烯基聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合鞣剂应用性能的研究

采用正交试验方法研究了乙烯基聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合鞣剂在皮革鞣制上的应用，优选了最佳鞣制工艺。研究结果表明：乙烯基聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合鞣荆用于皮革鞣制的最佳工艺为：复合鞣剂用量6％，鞣制起始pH值4．0，鞣制结束pH值5．0，鞣制时间8小时。革样再用0．5％铬鞣剂(以Cr2O3计)复鞣可使坯革的收缩温度达到95．5℃，而且鞣液吸尽率高，坯革丰满，增厚明显，透水汽性能提高，该鞣剂作为一种新型清洁鞣剂，具有十分广阔的应用前景。     

无金属鞣制研究——有机结合鞣法

无金属鞣法不仅能够消除铬也能减少因用其他金属盐鞣制而产生的中性盐。本文研究了一种由三个有机鞣剂构成的结合鞣。较好的方法是先用1％恶唑烷初鞣，然后用15％的荆树皮栲胶复鞣。为了减小填充及加脂引起收缩温度的降低，在填充及加脂后再用2％的戊二醛补充鞣制。用该有机结合鞣法制成的黄牛汽车座套革的收缩温度为92℃，抗张强度为0．47MP／m^2，撕裂强度为89．6N／m，崩裂强度为246．0N／m。     

二氧化碳超临界流体代替水作介质铬鞣及其机理的研究(2)--二氧化碳超临界流体条件下铬鞣条件的优化

用二氧化碳超临界流体代替水作介质条件下的铬鞣，由于鞣制介质等与常规铬鞣的截然不同，其铬鞣势必与常规工艺有所不同。利用自制的二氧化碳超临界流体制革设备，对二氧化碳超临界流体铬鞣作了L16(4^4)正交实验。考察四个影响因素：皮张部位、压力、机械作用和铬鞣剂用量对两个指标收缩温度和Cr含量的影响。得出了固定鞣制时间为60min的最佳铬鞣条件为：压力7．5MPa，转速50r／min，KMC-2铬鞣剂用量6．0％的初步研究结果。     

栲胶－ZE结合鞣制工艺的研究

采用BA栲胶与ZE鞣剂结合鞣制绵羊服装革,探讨了鞣剂用量、结合鞣加料顺序及鞣制温度等因素对成革Ts的影响。结果表明,15％BA栲胶鞣制,温度50℃;6％ZE鞣剂复鞣,温度40℃,所得坯革收缩温度大于95℃,抗张强度、伸长率及撕裂强度等鞣革性能指标良好。     

生态环境友好的家具革生产新方法

近年来,人们进行了大量有关替代铬鞣的鞣制方法研究。但是,在赋予鞣革性能与铬鞣革相当的前提下,却很少有方法是成本上划算且环境友好的。Dasgupta和Debchoudhury报道了基于恶唑烷和荆树皮栲胶的鞣制方法,能赋予皮革令人满意的收缩温度．Vitolo等人也报道了一种塔拉栲胶-硫酸铝鞣制体系,用于替代传统的铬鞣,但这些方法都还没有被大生产所接受。本文研究了一种新的环境友好的不浸酸鞣制方法,用于生产家具革。该方法在pH7．5～8．5条件下软化后,用2％的恶唑烷E（1-氮杂-3．7-二恶二环-5-乙基[3,3,0]辛烷）预鞣,可使大皮的收缩温度达到75～80℃,小皮的收缩温度达到80℃～85℃．然后（或者同时）用2％～3％的替代型复鞣剂进行处理。随后．这些皮坯可以很容易地进行剖层或削匀．达到所需的厚度。接着,制革者可以用4％～5％的25／33（Cr2O3含量为25％,碱度为33％）铬粉进行鞣制,然后再用LASRA ThruBlu方法处理,或者是采用Dasgupta和Debchoudhury早前报道的有机鞣法对削匀革进行鞣制。 在预鞣阶段进行剖层和削匀,其优点是降低了铬的使用量,废水中的铬含量很低．成革粒面平坦．得革率高,而且削匀革屑中不含铬,可生物降解,从而显著减轻了制革厂的废弃物处理负担。本文给出了该方法的细节,并测试了皮革的物理性能,从中可以看出,成革完全能满足现代家具革的所有要求。另外,本文采用原子力显微镜和质谱解释了鞣制机理,并讨论了制革厂所排放废水的改善情况。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press