冷轧Cu板动态压缩力学性能各向异性的研究

利用Instron电子拉伸机和Split-Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)实验装置,研究了准静态和动态压缩条件下冷轧和退火Cu板法向、轧向、横向的力学性能.不同应变率下的应力-应变曲线表明:冷轧和退火Cu板的流变应力均随应变率的增加而增加,表现出明显的应变率强化效应.冷轧Cu板准静态和动态压缩力学性能均呈现明显的各向异性:横向屈服强度最大,轧向最小,且低应变程度下的流变应力也具有同样规律.退火Cu板呈现近似各向同性.考虑准静态和动态变形时可能的塑性变形机制,基于微观晶体塑性变形理论的Taylor模型可定性地解释冷轧Cu板压缩力学性能的各向异性.     

泡沫铝的制备及其力学行为的研究

简要介绍泡沫金属的性能特点、制备方法及其应用.采用加压渗流法制备具有开孔结构的泡沫铝,并对此分别进行准静态和动态压缩实验,研究其静态和动态压缩应变力-应变响应特征、应变率效应和吸能特性.实践证明这种泡沫铝具有很明显的应变率效应.     

多层泡沫铝夹芯结构准静态力学性能和吸能特性研究

采用闭孔泡沫铝和铝合金板制备单层夹芯板和六种多层夹芯结构。通过分析胞孔变形模式和宏观变形模式,研究了夹层板和芯层数量对结构准静态压缩力学性能和吸能特性的影响机制。结果表明：夹层板通过调节芯层间应力状态使芯层逐层坍塌,减少了由倾斜变形带的形成和延伸所导致的多芯层同步变形、横向滑动以及两侧滑移,使结构具有更高的坍塌应力、平台应力、单位体积吸能量以及更小的致密应变；芯层数量的增加导致无夹层板结构中变形带的长度和数量增加,从而改变了其宏观变形模式,致使结构两侧滑移现象加剧,同时积累了有夹层板结构中多个芯层中的胞孔缺陷,因此影响了逐层稳定变形,导致致密应变增大,坍塌应力、平台应力和单位体积吸能量减小,致密应变处的吸能效率降低。与其他结构相比,三层泡沫铝夹层板具有最佳的抗压强度和吸能性能。     

泡沫铝夹层结构力学性能有限元模拟的现状与展望

本文主要概括了泡沫铝夹层结构动态力学问题的研究进展,简单总结了影响泡沫铝夹层结构力学性能的主要因素:面板和芯体材料的性能,结合方式及应变率。最后,介绍了利用有限元模拟泡沫铝夹芯结构压缩性能和吸能性的研究现状,对泡沫铝夹层结构的应用现状提了一些观点。     

热轧TB2钛合金织构多晶板动态压缩性能的各向异性

利用Instron 电子拉伸机和分离式霍普金生压杠(SHPB)实验装置, 研究了准静态和动态压缩条件下热轧TB2钛合金织构多晶板的力学性能。对TB2钛合金板材的轧向、横向以及轧制平面内与轧向成45°等3个方向进行了压缩实验, 得到了不同应变速率下的应力-应变曲线。结果表明：热轧TB2钛合金板材不同方向上的流变应力均随应变速率的增加而增加, 表现出明显的应变速率强化效应。准静态和动态力学性能均表现出各向异性, 且准静态和动态压缩行为规律不一致。考虑准静态和动态变形时可能的塑性变形机制, 基于微观晶体塑性变形理论, 定性讨论了热轧织构多晶TB2钛合金板屈服强度的各向异性     

应变率和相对密度对泡沫SiCp/ZL104压缩性能的影响

对采用熔体发泡法制备的泡沫5%(体积分数,下同)SiCp/ZL104复合材料进行了准静态和动态压缩性能的测试和分析.结果表明:无论是动态下压缩还是准静态下压缩,泡沫5%SiCp/ZL104复合材料的应力-应变曲线都呈现出典型的3个阶段:线弹性段、平台段和致密段;屈服应力对应变率很敏感,使得应变率增加时,屈服应力增加,且有应变硬化现象发生;随着相对密度的增大,泡沫5%SiCp/ZL104复合材料的动态屈服应力和流动应力与准静态载荷相比显著增加.     

采用改进的SHPB方法对闭孔泡沫铝的动态压缩性能的研究

采用改进的分离式霍普金森压杆,分别对长度为10、16mm的闭孔泡沫铝试件在不同应变率下进行了动态压缩试验,得出了相应的应力-应变曲线,分析了应变率对闭孔泡沫铝的变形、应力以及能量吸收性能的影响.结果表明:在340～1350s-1下,两组试件均未能完全压实,动态压缩应力-应变曲线只存在弹性区和屈服平台区,缺少致密区;闭孔泡沫铝的变形、应力以及能量吸收性能均有明显的应变率效应.     

合金化对泡沫铝压缩力学行为的影响

采用Si、Mg及Cu元素进行合金化处理，制备了几种不同力学性能的开孔泡沫铝，通过准静态压缩实验研究了合金化对泡沫铝压缩力学性能与吸能特征的影响。实验结果表明，Si、Mg及Cu元素合金化处理能显著改变泡沫铝的应力-应变行为与吸能特征，使泡沫铝的屈服强度提高，吸能性大幅度上升。     

真空渗流法制备泡沫铝及其动态力学性能的研究

以真空渗流法制备陶瓷中空球泡沫铝,研究了应变率对吸能量和吸能效率的影响、相对密度对屈服强度的影响,并与普通泡沫铝进行比较。结果表明,工艺简单可行,所制备的泡沫铝的动态压缩应力-应变曲线只有弹性变形区和塑性变形区;随应变率的增大,屈服强度和吸能效率变化规律不明显,吸能量增大;随相对密度的增大,屈服强度增大,吸能量增大,吸能效率也增大;动态压缩时两种泡沫铝的吸能效率均较高,最大吸能效率大于0.9,是良好的吸能材料。     

不同温度下闭孔泡沫铝压缩性能研究

为了探讨不同温度下闭孔泡沫铝压缩性能,将不同孔隙率泡沫铝在-30℃到800℃的温度范围内进行处理,对处理后的试件进行静态压缩试验,分析加温温度对闭孔泡沫铝的力学性能影响.通过试验表明,不同温度处理的泡沫铝的压缩应力应变曲线与常温条件下相同,具有明显的线弹性阶段、屈服平台阶段和强化阶段;当温度低于600℃时,泡沫铝性能变...     

Positive Strain Rate Sensitivity and Deformation Behavior of a Fe-29Mn-3Al-3Si TWIP Steel

The Fe-29Mn-3Al-3Si twin-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel is used to conduct quasi-static compression and dynamic impact deformation with strain rates ranging from 8.3 × 10^-4 to 3800 s^-1. The microstructures and properties of deformed samples under different strain rates were investigated comparatively. These results show that positive strain rate sensitivity was observed with the increase in strain rates and that there was a significant difference in strain rate sensitivity factor (ṁ) between quasi-static compression (ṁ = 0.029) and dynamic impact deformation (ṁ = 0.190). Compared to the quasi-static compression, the dynamic impact deformation exhibited higher yield strength. Microstructural examination reveals that the primary twins were frequently found during the quasi-static compression process, and the secondary twins were rarely observed. However, the secondary and multi-fold deformation twins were florescent in the dynamic impact samples. At the initial stage of dynamic impact deformation, partial dislocations and staking faults on multiple conjugate {111} planes were simultaneously activated and produced a large number of Lomer-Cottrell dislocations, resulting in a large increase in yield strength during dynamic impact.     

固溶时效处理对Ti-6Al-4V ELI钛合金准静态和动态力学性能的影响

采用万能力学试验机及霍普金森压杆试验研究了固溶和时效处理对Ti-6Al-4V ELI钛合金准静态拉伸性能和动态压缩性能的影响。结果表明,Ti-6Al-4V ELI钛合金经固溶时效处理后(固溶温度941 ℃),其屈服强度可达1097 MPa以上,抗拉强度可达1167 MPa以上。相比热处理前的Ti-6Al-4V ELI钛合金,强度显著提升,而且塑性指标也维持在较高水平。同时,不同应变速率下Ti-6Al-4V ELI钛合金的动态压缩性能提升明显,动态压缩强度和应变速率的对数呈线性关系,且随着应变速率的增加而增大。     

Microstructural Evolutions of AA7055 Aluminum Alloy Under Dynamic and Quasi-static Compressions

The microstructural evolution of AA7055 aluminum alloy under dynamic impact loading with the strain rate of 1.3 × 10^4 s^-1 controlled by a split Hopkinson pressure bar was investigated, and compared with that under quasi-static mechanical loading in compression with strain rate of 1.0 × 10^-3 s^-1. The quasi-static-compressed sample exhibited equiaxed dislocation cells, which were different from the elongated and incomplete dislocation cells for the alloy undergoing dynamic compression. The high strain-rate compression also induced the formation of localized shear bands in which the recrystallizations characterized as fine equiaxed grains were observed. The microstructural evolutions under both quasi-static and dynamic compressions are rationalized in terms of the dislocation cell model combined with the dislocation kinetics, in addition to the adiabatic temperature rise in shear bands at high strain rate.     

Nanocrystalline refractory metals for extreme condition applications

For the last decade, there has been research aimed at engineering plastic instability into the deformation behavior of body centered cubic (b.c.c.) metals. At dynamic strain rates, the adiabatic shear band deformation mode has been shown to improve the performance of kinetic energy penetrator materials. However, for some b.c.c. metals the transition to localized plastic deformation dominates at all strain rates. This limits the traditional engineering properties (e.g., ductility and toughness) and feasibility of incorporation into a long rod penetrator system. Recently, we demonstrated that nanocrystalline tantalum shows significant promise as it deforms via adiabatic shear bands in dynamic compression but shows significant tensile elongation in quasi-static deformation.     

Dynamic Deformation Behaviors of an In Situ Ti-Based Metallic Glass Matrix Composite

Quasi-static and dynamic deformation behaviors, fracture characteristics, and microstructural evolution of an in situ dendrite-reinforced metallic glass matrix composite: Ti₅₀Zr₂₀V₁₀Cu₅Be₁₅ within a wide range of strain rates are investigated. Compared with the quasi-static compression, the yielding stress increases, but the macroscopic plasticity significantly decreases upon dynamic compression. The effects of the strain rate on strain hardening upon quasi-static loading and flow stress upon dynamic loading are evaluated, respectively. The Zerilli-Armstrong (Z-A) model based on dendrite-dominated mechanism is employed to further uncover the dependence of the yielding stress on the strain rate.     

应变速率对Ti/Mg基非晶双连续相复合材料力学行为的影响

采用真空压力浸渗技术了制备金属Ti/Mg基非晶双连续相复合材料,系统研究了其准静态和动态力学行为。并借助XRD、SEM等技术分析了该复合材料的结构和断口形貌。研究发现,该复合材料具有优异的综合力学性能,强度优于基体Mg基非晶合金和增强相Ti骨架。动态载荷下,应变速率的变化对复合材料的性能和断口形貌具有显著的影响,随应变速率的增大,复合材料的强度逐渐升高,断口上非晶相的粘滞流变现象更加明显。     

Mechanical behavior of microstructure engineered multi-length-scale titanium over a wide range of strain rates

In this work, we studied the mechanical behavior of commercial purity Ti powder consolidates with an engineered microstructure containing multiple-length-scale features, over a wide range of loading rates. The microstructural length scales were engineered by mixing powders of different sizes, followed by either hot quasi-isostatic forging (QIF) or spark plasma sintering (SPS). We used electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy to examine the microstructure of the Ti materials. A bimodal grain size distribution has been achieved for the majority of the QIFed samples, while those consolidated via SPS exhibit a near-equiaxed morphology. All samples synthesized with powders milled in liquid argon show considerable uniform plastic deformation under quasi-static compression, with no failure, and their strength values are considerably high when compared to those of commercial purity Ti. Moreover, the materials consolidated from milled powders exhibit adiabatic shear banding under high rate uniaxial compression via the Kolsky bar technique. Samples prepared from a preselected proportion of powders milled in liquid nitrogen showed quasi-static strength as high as 2000 MPa, and dynamic peak stress as high as 2700 MPa, comparable to the strength of high-strength steels. However, these super-strong Ti samples are brittle under both quasi-static and dynamic compression. The strengthening of these Ti materials with an engineered microstructure is primarily attributed to the presence of interstitials. Twins were observed in nanometer-sized grains in the strongest and brittle samples, along with evidence of the TiN phase, which was attributed to exposure to a high level of nitrogen introduced during milling in liquid nitrogen. The high rate behavior can be rationalized on the basis of an adiabatic shear band model that takes into account strain and strain rate hardening.     

一种新型锆钛合金的动态力学行为研究

通过对一种新型锆钛合金在室温下的准静态压缩和不同温度下的动态压缩实验,发现该合金在准静态和动态压缩条件下均具有良好的强度和塑性,且随着应变速率的增加和温度的降低,合金强度升高,塑性下降.基于Johnson-Cook模型,建立了该锆钛合金动态压缩下的本构关系.     

Compressive properties of aluminum foams by gas injection method

The compressive properties of aluminum foams by gas injection method are investigated under both quasi-static and dynamic compressive loads in this paper.The experimental results indicate that the defo...