Vitamin status of patients with respiratory tract diseases

Of the with infringement of the acidity--basic condition the tendency to Decrease of a level of vitamins B6 and C is marked in comparison wits those at the patients without infringement of the specified condition.     

The defense function of the digestive tract lactoflora

Lactobacilli can belong to the gut flora or to the flora associating with gastrointestinal epithelial surfaces. They play an important role within the microbial defense mechanisms taking part in the colonization resistance and in the decontamination of the host. Lactobacilli affect the immune response. They accelerate the revival of the small intestinal epithelial cells. Those strains of lactobacilli with distinct antagonistic properties with lysozyme activity and resistance against lysozyme often develop a compact glycocalyx. They are endowed with a high adhesion capacity. The intestinal lactoflora consists of several species with different defense properties.     

Vitamin status and bone mineral density at patients with diseases of gastroenteric tract

It has been shown that among patients suffering from diseases of a gastroenteric tract and osteopenia the calcium insufficiency estimated on daily calcium urinary excretion and the lowered level of the transport form of vitamin D in blood serum take place more often, than among patients with the same pathologies, but without osteopenia. The most significant risk factors of bone mass decrease at the patients who have transferred operations on organs of digestion are insufficient supply with calcium and vitamin D and the body weight loss.     

呼吸道变态反应性疾病患者90项食物sIgG检测及与常见食物sIgE相关性探讨

目的探讨呼吸道变态反应性疾病患者90项食物特异性免疫球蛋白G(sIgG)抗体浓度水平及患者与常见食物特异性免疫球蛋白E(s Ig E)抗体浓度的相关性。方法 2011年6月—2014年10月调查就诊于广州医科大学附属第一医院的呼吸道变态反应性疾病患者178例,检测90项食物sIgG及常见食物s Ig E抗体,采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行数据分析。结果 sIgG阳性率较高的3类食物种类是乳类及其制品42.63%,607/1 424)、甲壳类(24.72%,264/1 068)、肉蛋类(22.58%,201/890),较低的是谷类植物(5.93%,95/1 602)和水果类(5.70%,132/2 314);阳性率较高的食物是鸡蛋(70.79%,126/178),其次是白软干酪(69.10%,123/178),牛奶(66.85%,119/178)。不同类别食物及同种类别不同食物sIgG抗体在不同年龄组的阳性率分布各异。0~3岁婴幼儿组,乳类及乳制品的阳性率最高,但随着年龄组的增长,阳性率逐渐降低;甲壳类的阳性率在4岁后呈上升趋势。0~3岁婴幼儿组水果类和乳类及其制品,4~6岁学龄前组谷类植物、水果类、肉蛋类,7~16岁学龄组甲壳类,≥17岁成人组,豆荚科植物类、蔬菜类、乳类及其制品、鱼类、甲壳类sIgG抗体阳性率均是男性高于女性,均差异有统计学意义(P0.05);4~6岁组其他类,7~16岁组乳类及其制品是女性高于男性,均差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多项食物sIgG抗体水平高度相关,以乳类及其制品和蔬菜水果类食物为主。鸡蛋sIgG和蛋清s Ig E,牛奶和鸡蛋sIgG和s Ig E抗体之间具有一定相关性(rs=0.518、0.438、0.392),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 90项食物sIgG抗体在不同年龄及性别间具有一定的阳性分布特征,可以作为食物s Ig E检测的一个补充,临床诊断应结合年龄、性别及膳食习惯等因素,为患者的饮食调整作出更合理的指导方案。     

Estimation of nutrition of elderly and senile patients with surgical diseases at home

Analysis of estimation of nutrition 500 of elderly and senile patients with surgical disease at home. The diets of patients are characterised by foods rich of animal protein and carbohydrate. But a dificienny of meat, fish, dairy products frent, berries is marhed. The diets thas dificiency in rations of patients are characterized by irrational set basic food products, cannot provide daily needs for nutrients: animal protein, vitamins C, A, vitamins B group, beta-carotene and mineral element--Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Se.Entering of nutrional substance, such as vitamins, and mineral elements with a food is reduced in dietary restrictions, deficiency means, residence in country-side.     

Long‐term effects on the digestive tract of feeding large amounts of resistant starch: A study in pigs

The present study aimed to assess the digestive consequences of the long‐term intake of two starches providing different amounts of resistant starch. Growing pigs were used as the animal model and meal‐fed for 14 weeks on a diet containing a high amount of either raw potato starch (RPS) or corn starch (CS). Digestive adaptation was chronologically evaluated by measuring organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and starch digestibility. After 97 days, whole‐tract digestibility of OM, CP and NDF was lower for RPS‐ compared to CS‐fed pigs, whereas no differences were observed in faecal starch digestibility. In contrast, starch digestibility was reduced in the proximal compartments (ileum, caecum and proximal colon) of animals fed the RPS diet. The concentration of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs; P < 0.05), and purine bases (PBs; P < 0.01) was also higher in distal colon and rectum of animals fed the RPS diet. Changes in bacterial community structure (dendogram analyses) were seen in the rectum. Biodiversity tends to increase more in RPS compared to CS fed animals (34.1 vs. 28.8; P = 0.07). Among SCFAs, the proportion of butyrate was two‐fold higher in proximal colon digesta of RPS compared to CS fed pigs (0.20 vs. 0.11; P < 0.05). Increased butyrate formation in the colon reduced the number of apoptosis per crypt in the proximal colonic mucosa (0.38 vs. 0.62; P < 0.05). RPS fermentation reduced indices associated with damage to intestinal epithelial cells, such as crypt cell hyperproliferation and magnesium excretion. Long‐term ingestion of RPS induces pronounced changes of the digestive tract and their microflora, modifying mineral absorption and colonic morphology for which health benefits are likely to be associated. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Enteral therapeutic nutrition in the complex therapy and prevention of diseases

Baseline nutritional impairments, patient's malnutrition, and inadequate correction of metabolic disorders considerably reduce the effects of therapeutic measures, increase the risk of septic and infectious complications, negatively influence the hospital length of stay, increase mortality rates. Concomitant and profound disorders of metabolic homeostasis system in various diseases and critical conditions dictate a multi-component approach to the correction of metabolic disorders requiring specially chosen nutrient compositions and the routes of their administration. The development of currently available nutritional formulae was based on the theory of balanced nutrition reflecting the physiological requirements in nutrients and calories of a healthy person, and also taking into account specific features of pathogenesis, clinical course, disease stage, the nature and extent of metabolic disorders, functional condition of the gastrointestinal tract, the effects of specific nutrients on the intensity of metabolic processes. Nutrition adapted to the patient's disease and the digestive tract functional condition provided by diets containing specific nutrients (arginine, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids) has a number of advantages over standard nutritional formulae, and poses a directed therapeutic effect. The nutritional formulae "Nutrien" are represented by the standard ("Nutrien Standard"), and semi-elemental ("Nutrien Elemental") formulae, as well as by the formulae of directed effect ("Nutrien Hepa", "Nutrien Nephro", "Nutrien Pulmo", "Nutrien Diabet", "Nutrien Immun").     

The effects of sorghum proanthocyanidins on digestive enzyme activity in vitro and in the digestive tract of chicken

The effects of sorghum grain proanthocyanidins (PAs) on the digestive enzyme activity of broiler chickens were investigated in vitro and in vivo using seven sorghum varieties grown in Zimbabwe. All seven sorghum varieties, classified as either high‐PA (DC‐75, Mutode, Red Swazi and Chirimaugute) or low‐PA (SV2, Brown Tsweta and Chibonda), were used to assess the PA–protein binding capacity and inhibition of trypsin and amylase in vitro. Three of the varieties (Chirimaugute, Chibonda and Brown Tsweta) were subsequently used in broiler diets to test the effects of PAs on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of 48 broiler chicks at 42 days of age. Protein precipitation and trypsin and amylase inhibition increased (P < 0.05) with an increase in level of PAs from the low‐PA varieties (by 1–10%) to the high‐PA varieties (by 40–70%). The activity of trypsin in the duodenal lumen of chicks fed the control diet was almost double that of chicks fed Chirimaugute. Amylase activity in the high‐PA group was lowered significantly (P < 0.01) relative to the control and low‐PA groups. The difference between in vitro and in vivo residual enzyme activities was 10–20% for amylase and 5–10% for trypsin. Chicks fed the high‐PA diet showed lower performance than chicks fed the control and low‐PA diets. Mean body weight gains were 59.9, 34.4, 57.3 and 61.4 (SE 4.02) g day⁻¹, final weights were 1936.4, 1363.3, 1773.2 and 1857.0 (SE 78.5) g and feed efficiencies were 1.85, 2.26, 1.65 and 2.13 (SE 0.014) for the control, Chirimaugute, Brown Tsweta and Chibonda groups respectively. The results indicate that PA–enzyme interaction, in addition to dietary protein–PA binding, contributes to the poor performance of chickens fed high‐PA sorghum diets. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of duration of moderate increases in grain feeding on endotoxins in the digestive tract and acute phase proteins in peripheral blood of yearling calves

Effects of duration of grain feeding on the concentration of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in digesta throughout the digestive tract and on acute phase proteins and LPS in peripheral blood were determined in Holstein yearling calves. Twenty-five Holstein yearling steer calves received either a forage-based diet containing 92% hay and 8% of a mineral and vitamin pellet on a dry matter basis (CON) or a moderate-grain diet, obtained by replacing 41.5% of the hay in the forage-based diet with barley grain, for 3 (MG3), 7 (MG7), 14 (MG14), or 21 d (MG21) before slaughter. Immediately before slaughter, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. Immediately after slaughter, digesta samples were collected from the rumen, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum. Rumen liquid digesta, digesta from the intestines, and peripheral blood plasma were analyzed for LPS. Peripheral blood plasma and serum were analyzed for the acute phase proteins amyloid A, haptoglobin, and LPS-binding protein. Feeding the grain diet increased the LPS concentration in rumen fluid linearly from 15,488 endotoxin units (EU)/mL for CON to 70,146 EU/mL for MG7. Concentrations of LPS in rumen fluid in MG14 and MG21 were 61,944 and 56,234 EU/mL, respectively, and did not differ. The LPS concentrations in jejunal digesta were much lower than that in digesta elsewhere in the digestive tract, which suggests that ruminal LPS is broken down in the abomasum or proximal jejunum. The concentration of digesta LPS in the ileum was higher than that of digesta elsewhere in the intestines and similar to that in rumen fluid. The duration of grain feeding increased the LPS concentration in digesta in the ileum and cecum and tended to increase that in the colon cubically. Concentrations of LPS in this part of the digestive tract were highest in the MG3 and MG21 groups. The highest concentrations of LPS in digesta in the cecum, colon, and rectum were 3.7, 3.8, and 5.6 times higher than that in CON, respectively. Grain feeding and the increase in LPS in digesta were not accompanied by an acute phase response or a detectable concentration of LPS in peripheral blood. The absence of LPS in peripheral blood and the lack of increase in acute phase proteins indicated that the grain feeding protocol used in the current study and the accompanying changes in LPS concentrations of the digesta did not result in systemic inflammation.     

Breakdown of the soluble soybean antigen in the digestive tract of adult rats

Adult male Wistar rats received intragastrically a protein mixture containing 3H-labeled reserve protein of soy beans (PSB), the soy protein isolate 500-E of Ralston Purina Co (USA) being chosen as a protein source. Immunoreactive and TCA-precipitable 3H-PSB was determined in the stomach and small bowel content, 20 and 60 minutes after the administration. The experiment showed more complete inactivation of soy antigen as compared to chick ovalbumin (the authors' data), bovine serum albumin, chick ovomucoid and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (the literature data). Basing on the results obtained, it is suggested that the soy reserve protein possesses low allergenic properties.     

Stability of calcium salts of phosphorylated sucrose in fluids of the digestive tract

Calcium salts of phosphorylated sucrose, in addition to having cariostatic properties, can serve as a source of calcium and phosphorus and partly satisfy the nutritional requirements of an organism. It has been proved that two such preparations, commercial Australian ‘Anticay’ and a Czech product, have similar properties. Calcium present in these preparations is dissociated partly in saliva and totally in gastric juice. Phosphorus is released only in the duodenum and small intestine. Calcium salts of phosphorylated sucrose are not hydrolysed by invertase.     

Correlation of nutritional factors and chronic non-infectious diseases of the digestive system

A mean set of food products used by a person every day was statistically analyzed on the basis of 21-year budget investigation of the population with the use of information tables. The rate of mortality due to chronic non-infectious diseases of the digestive system was studied using the data of annual statistical reports for 21 years. The correlation analysis of the findings obtained has shown that the food factors investigated are not reliably associated with the values of mortality from gastric malignant neoplasms and gastroenterocolitis.     

Use of whey in the diet of children with chronic diseases of the biliary tract

The influence of whey on the function of the stomach, biliary system and pancreas was studied in 112 children with chronic cholecystocholangitis. It has been established that whey possesses a choleretic property and normalizes the exocrine function of the pancreas. Whey can be recommended as a therapeutic agent or an additive to products for diet therapy in the combined treatment of chronic diseases of the biliary system, especially, with concomitant affection of the stomach and pancreas.