碱浸-还原挥发工艺回收镓锗置换渣中镓、锗

镓、锗是重要的稀散金属,从锌冶炼过程中综合回收镓、锗成为该原生金属产量的重要来源。目前主要采用酸浸工艺从镓锗置换渣回收镓、锗,回收率较低,资源利用率低。本文利用镓、锗两性物质的属性,采用碱浸-还原挥发工艺进行了回收镓锗置换渣中镓、锗的试验研究,得到以下主要结论。碱浸试验单因素最佳工艺条件为NaOH浓度4 mol/L、反应温度90℃、液固比8 mL/g、搅拌速度400 r/min,在此条件下,镓锗置换渣中镓、锗浸出率分别达到91.25%和78.95%;强化球磨浸出对镓、锗的浸出率没有改善作用;还原挥发试验的单因素最佳工艺条件为温度1 200℃、粉煤配入量30%、挥发时间4 h,在此条件下,碱性浸出残渣中锗的挥发率达到91.02%。该工艺产生的挥发残渣和砷酸钙渣返回火法炼铅系统综合回收铜、砷等有价金属,实现了渣的无害化处理。本文回收镓、锗的方法可为同类企业从锌冶炼工序中回收镓、锗提供参考。     

硫化锌精矿还原浸出高浸渣中锗的研究

湿法炼锌产出的高浸渣含锗达150～300g/t,采用两段逆流硫化锌精矿还原浸出,锗的浸出率可达65%以上。并提出了还原浸出的工艺流程和优化浸出条件。     

锌冶炼过程中镓锗的综合回收

以传统锌冶炼富含镓、锗的低酸浸出渣为原料,考察反应温度、时间、硫酸浓度等因素对镓、锗、锌、铁浸出率的影响。在下述综合试验条件下:反应温度95℃、初始酸度153g/L、反应时间3h、液固比5.9∶1,锌、铁、镓、锗浸出率分别达到88%、93%、88%、68%。浸出液经中和、锌精矿还原后可进一步富集回收镓、锗。     

湿法炼锌中浸出渣处理技术探究

锌生产的方法有火法炼锌和湿法炼锌两种,其中湿法炼锌在世界范围内已占锌冶炼总量的80%以上。近年来我国新增炼锌能力也是以湿法炼锌为主。湿法炼锌已成为世界炼锌生产的发展方向。湿法炼锌生产中的焙烧炉尾气、酸雾、生产废水、设备噪声以及锌浸出渣等污染源的防治,是新建湿法炼锌项目环境影响评价中应特别关注的问题。为此,本文将笔者工作实际,对湿法炼锌工艺及其浸出渣的处理技术进行相关探讨分析,以供参考。     

湿法炼锌浸出渣与锌精矿联合浸出工艺研究

开展湿法炼锌浸出渣和锌精矿联合酸浸试验,利用硫酸浸出湿法炼锌常规浸出渣中以铁酸锌等方式存在的锌,同时采用高铁锌精矿将浸出液中的三价铁离子还原为二价铁离子,实现锌精矿中锌的同步浸出。探讨锌浸出渣和锌精矿投料比、初始硫酸浓度、反应时间、液固体积质量比和浸出温度对锌及伴生金属铜、铟和杂质金属铁浸出率的影响。结果表明,在浸出终点浸出液中硫酸浓度20～40g/L、锌浸出渣与锌精矿质量比1∶0.25、原料粒度-0.074mm、液固体积质量比6mL/g、反应温度90℃、反应时间3h的条件下,锌、铟、铜的浸出率都在96%以上,浸出液中95%以上的铁被还原为二价铁离子,满足后续工艺的要求。     

从锌浸出渣中综合回收镓锗的技术研究及进展

镓、锗与硫呈四面体配位,形成闪锌矿型晶体结构,以类质同象形式伴生于闪锌矿中。湿法炼锌厂的浸出渣中常含有大量的镓和锗,是镓、锗主要的二次资源。近年来,从这种锌浸出渣中回收镓、锗得到了广泛的研究,国内外均取得了一定的研究成果。     

用硫酸从湿法炼锌尾渣中浸出锗

研究了用硫酸从某湿法炼锌尾渣中浸出锗,考察了相关因素对锗浸出率的影响。结果表明:在冶炼渣细度-74μm占84.73%、液固体积质量比5/1、浸出温度90℃、氟化铵用量100 mL(质量浓度50 g/L)、硫酸用量150 mL(浓度5.7 mol/L)、浸出时间120 min条件下,锗平均浸出率为91.73%,浸出效果较好。     

从锌浸出渣中浮选银基础条件研究

研究了湿法炼锌常规浸出工艺下酸性浸出渣的浮选性质,提出并讨论了从锌常规浸出渣中浮选回收银的关键条件,认为锌常规浸出的酸浸矿浆直接作为原矿浆用于浮选回收银的工艺路线优势明显,银浮选回收可以达到较好的回收率、产率和精矿品位指标,并能在浮选中同时有效富集回收金。     

采用两段逆流浸出工艺从镓锗渣中回收有价金属

研究了采用一段常规浸出—二段加压氧化浸出工艺从锌粉置换镓锗渣中回收有价金属镓、锗、铜、锌。结果表明:在硫酸初始质量浓度65 g/L、液固体积质量比10/1、助浸剂A加入量5.0 g/L、反应时间1 h、温度90℃条件下进行一段浸出,在硫酸初始质量浓度120 g/L、温度105℃、通入氧气、总压力0.35 MPa、液固体积质量比10/1、反应时间4 h条件下对一段浸出渣进行二段浸出,两段浸出后,金属镓、锗、铜、锌浸出率分别达97%、90%、98%、99%,浸出效果较好;渣中的铅得到富集。     

从湿法炼锌工艺产出的钴镍渣中回收锌

湿法炼锌过程中产出的Co-Ni渣经浆化后，用硫酸浸出，锌浸出率＞90％，锌浸出液可返回主流程；钴浸出率≤10％，绝大多数留在渣中，可单独提取。该工艺简单，锌、钴分离较好。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)