飞机起落架缓冲性能仿真分析

以某型飞机摇臂式主起落架为例,介绍了基于Motion和AMESim的起落架缓冲性能联合仿真研究方法.结合实际情况,首先利用LMS Virtual Lab Motion建立了多体动力学分析模型,然后根据缓冲器参数建立LMS Imagine Lab AMESim缓冲器液压模型,最后通过两个软件的联合,仿真计算了某型飞机主起落架的缓冲性能.通过对缓冲器参数的调整,优化了缓冲器设计,为起落架的落震试验奠定了理论基础.提供了一个研究起落架缓冲性能的新方法,试验结果表明,该方法是可行并有效的.     

起落架缓冲性能联合仿真及优化方法研究

以某无人机支柱式主起落架为例,基于LMS Virtual．Lab Motion和LMS Imagine．Lab AMES-im开展联合仿真,首先利用VL Motion建立主起落架落震动力学分析模型,再根据缓冲器参数建立AMESim缓冲器液压模型,最后通过两个软件的联合仿真,计算该无人机主起落架的缓冲性能。以油针几何形状为设计变量,基于iSIGHT优化平台集成AMESim建立该无人机主起落架的缓冲器优化流程,通过优化计算得到该油针的最佳截面积参数,缓冲器最大轴向力降低了10．49％,缓冲器效率提高了12．54％。     

基于有限元柔性体理论的起落架落震仿真分析

以某飞机起落架为研究对象,研究落震动力学问题。根据前起落架的结构特性,利用多体动力学建模技术,建立前起落架多柔性体动力学（MFBD）模型,并进行落震仿真分析及非线性接触研究。采用落震试验数据对模型进行校验,仿真结果与试验数据较为吻合。通过分析缓冲器零件的变形,考虑接触因素的多柔体动力学模型能更真实反应实际情况,以最大降落速度工况进行落震仿真,同时对起落架关键零件进行强度校核,以及缓冲器内部零件进行非线性接触计算,求得不同材质的下凸轮及底托受到的垂向力与摩擦力,获得在物理试验中难以测量的数据,分析结果对起落架设计具有重要意义。     

扁簧式起落架柔性变形的实时状态空间描述

根据无人机地面动力学分析对扁簧式起落架动力学模型的要求,提出了该起落架柔性变形的建模方法。首先,基于模态分析相关理论,通过调整刚度矩阵等效边界约束条件,获得扁簧式起落架的约束模态数据,并采用模态缩减简化模型;然后,采用模态坐标变换解耦振动微分方程,建立状态空间模型描述扁簧式起落架的动力学特性;最后,设计了静力学、动力学仿真测试以及扁簧落震实验对所建扁簧状态空间柔性模型进行验证。结果表明:静力条件下,状态空间模型与有限元软件静力分析结果仅有0.07%的误差,验证了柔性模型计算的准确性;另外,包含柔性状态空间模型的落震仿真模型的仿真步长为1ms,与落震实验结果的误差小于5%,满足飞行仿真的要求。实验显示,提出的柔性建模方法可为多体动力学刚柔混合模型中柔性模型的建立提供参考。     

落震试验中摩擦力的标定方法研究

落震试验是起落架的主要力学特性试验之一,其参数测量和分析的准确与否直接影响起落架的力学分析与设计,对优化起落架缓冲参数、改变结构缓冲形式有理论指导作用。文中结合落震试验中力学参数测量的现状,对测力平台的三向力标定方法进行了研究,重点对摩擦力的影响因素进行了分析,提出一套摩擦力载荷标定方法。通过试验结果的对比验证,表明摩擦力对参数测量的影响是显而易见的,也从载荷分析上充分验证了摩擦力标定方法的正确性和可行性。     

一种无人直升机起落架落震动力学建模方法研究

以无人直升机缓冲式滑橇起落架为研究对象，建立起落架系统的落震动力学模型，并对着陆过程进行数值分析，结果表明，所提方法可较为准确地识别无人直升机落震过程的过载与位移变化、起落架缓冲器承载与行程极限等参数，为无人直升机部件设计提供限制条件与约束。此外，该设计方法亦可用于其他直升机起落架的设计定型和试验验证，具有一定的工程意义。     

板簧式起落架满应力设计方法研究

运用工程梁理论将板簧式起落架看做一个外伸梁,通过满应力反向迭代设计来确定缓冲器的厚度分布。设计所得的缓冲器在最大受载状态等价为等强度梁,从而使起落架设计实现用最小重量代价满足缓冲吸能的设计目标。对于一个给定的设计实例,采用MSC.Dytran进行落震仿真计算,并将设计结果与有限元仿真结果进行对比,对比证明设计方法有效,满足工程设计要求。     

飞机起落架缓冲器设计

根据主机所提供的设计输入信息,对起落架的缓冲器进行方案设计论证：确定充填压力、活塞杆直径等参数,保证该起落架的缓冲效率在70％～90％之间;并通过ALTLAS分析软件对方案阶段的缓冲器模型进行缓冲性能计算,通过正、反行程油孔直径的比较,得出缓冲性能较好的参数。     

起落架磁流变缓冲器与验证试验设计研究

磁流变技术应用于起落架缓冲器与通过油针修型来改变油液阻尼相比,具有更好的适应性,更大的调节范围,且磁流变缓冲器外形尺寸较小可以改善飞机整体的受力特性,是起落架缓冲系统设计一个重要方向。在总结现有文献的基础上详细设计了一个磁流变缓冲器,分析了该缓冲器的磁场,建立了力学模型,设计了一套试验验证方法并进行了虚拟试验。结果显示模糊控制下的缓冲器缓冲性能明显优于不加控制的缓冲性能,达到了载荷缓慢增长至峰值的设计要求。     

基于ADAMS的磁流变减震器主起落架落震仿真研究

起落架落震试验费用昂贵,所以使用仿真技术模拟落震试验的整个过程。应用CATIA建立某型磁流变主起落架几何模型,导入到ADAMS/View中,通过添加地面、约束和施加力,建立某型磁流变起落架落震仿真模型,并对某型磁流变减震器主起落架的落震试验数据进行分析和整理。比较仿真结果与试验结果表明,基于ADAMS建立的某型磁流变主起落架仿真模型可有效描述真实起落架,仿真过程可有效模拟落震试验过程。利用该方法节约了试验成本。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.