硼磷共掺杂n型金刚石薄膜的Hall效应、红外光谱和EPR研究

用离子注入方法,在CVD金刚石薄膜中共注入硼离子和磷离子,得到了电阻率较低的n型金刚石薄膜。Hall效应测试表明,800℃退火后,在注入的磷离子剂量相同的情况下,共注入硼的金刚石薄膜的载流子浓度与单一掺磷的相近,但Hall迁移率高,电阻率低。FTIR结果表明B-H结的形成钝化了硼的受主特性,使磷的施主特性没有被补偿,共掺杂薄膜中载流子浓度没有大幅度减少。EPR和Raman测试结果证实了较高温度退火后的共掺杂薄膜的晶格结构比单掺杂薄膜的更完整,从而有利于提高载流子迁移率,降低电阻率。     

硼硫共掺杂金刚石薄膜的研究

利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)技术,以丙酮为碳源．用二甲基二硫和三氧化二硼作掺杂源．在硅衬底上制备了硼与硫共掺杂的金刚石薄膜。用俄歇谱分析金刚石薄膜中硫的含量．用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析了薄膜表面键结构．用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测薄膜的表面形貌．X射线衍射(XRD)和喇曼(Raman)光谱表征膜层的结构。结果表明：微量硼的加入促进硫在金刚石中的固溶度,使硫在金刚石中的掺杂率提高了近50％;随着薄膜中硫含量的增加．薄膜的导电性增加,当薄膜中硫含量达到0．15％(原子分数)时其导电激活能为0.39eV。     

硼掺杂对直流热阴极CVD金刚石薄膜生长特性的影响

采用直流热阴极CVD法以B(OCH3)3为掺杂剂制备了硼掺杂金刚石薄膜,利用等离子体发射光谱、SEM、Raman和XRD研究了硼掺杂对金刚石薄膜生长特性的影响,通过与未掺杂金刚石薄膜的对比发现:在直流热阴极CVD系统中,低浓度硼掺杂条件下能够长时间维持稳定的辉光放电. 掺硼后辉光等离子体活性基团(Hα、Hβ、C2、CH)的种类没有改变,但C2基团的浓度升高,而CH基团的浓度下降,薄膜的生长速率提高到0.65mg·cm-2·h-1. 硼掺杂金刚石薄膜为多晶薄膜,晶体生长良好,取向以(111)晶面为主,质量较未掺杂薄膜有所提高. 硼原子以取代或填隙的方式掺杂进入金刚石晶格,没有破坏金刚石晶体结构.     

掺硼金刚石膜的制备及其应用

金刚石虽然具有极为优异的性能,如具有很大的能隙,高的电子迁移率、空穴迁移率和高热导率,以及负的电子亲和势,但要将它用于半导体材料时还不能直接使用,必须要先进行金刚石的P型和n型掺杂。因此,研究金刚石的P型和n型掺杂具有很重要的现实意义。在金刚石薄膜中掺杂时,一般是掺入硼原子以实现P型掺杂,掺入氮原子或磷原子以实现n型掺杂。然而,由于N和P在金刚石中的施主能级太深,现在n型掺杂金刚石薄膜制备尚不成功,这是金刚石实用化的障碍。本文介绍了金刚石膜掺硼目的、方法和制备,总结了掺硼金刚石膜在微电子、电化学、光电子、工具等领域应用状况以及存在问题。     

硼掺杂对热丝CVD法制备纳米晶硅薄膜微结构与光电性能的影响

采用热丝化学气相沉积法制备了不同B2H6掺杂比例(B2H6/SiH4为2%~15%)的p型纳米晶硅薄膜,通过探索B2H6掺杂比例、晶化率、光学带隙和电学性能(电导率、载流子浓度、霍尔迁移率)之间的关系以及薄膜掺杂机理来研究B2H6掺杂比例对薄膜微结构和光电性能的影响。在掺杂比例为11%时成功获得了电导率为32 S/cm的高电导率硼掺杂nc-Si∶H薄膜。     

用射频化学气相沉积法制备p型微晶金刚石薄膜

利用射频化学气相沉积法，通过硼的掺杂，在石英玻璃衬底上生长出Ｐ型微晶金刚石薄膜，范德堡法的测试表明，我们得到的薄膜最小电阻率为４×１０－２Ω．ｃｍ，最大空穴迁移率为５０ｃｍ／Ｖ．ｓ；从电阻率与温度关系近似计算出杂质激活能     

磁控溅射Nb掺杂TiO_2薄膜的研究

用射频/直流溅射法研制了铌掺杂TiO_2透明导电薄膜。实验结果表明:Nb以正五价态掺入TiO_2晶格中,随着Nb掺杂量的逐渐增加,薄膜的电阻率出现先降后升的变化,在掺杂溅射功率为40 W时,薄膜电阻率降至7.3×10-4Ω·cm,可见光透过率高达86%以上。并且,Nb掺杂使TiO_2薄膜的吸收限产生了蓝移,随着Nb掺杂量的增加,薄膜蓝移程度逐渐增大,说明该TiO_2薄膜为n型掺杂。研究认为,控制Nb掺杂量达最佳时,使晶格中产生较多的载流子,以及良好晶体结构产生较大的载流子迁移率,能使Nb掺杂TiO_2透明导电薄膜的性能参数得到有效改善。     

NaOH处理对石墨烯电学性能的影响

在CVD石墨烯的转移过程中无法避免会出现胶残留,导致了材料不必要的p型掺杂。研究表明,通常来自这种残余胶的p型掺杂影响了石墨烯的电学特性。本文发现NaOH溶液能够有效地去除这种PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(C5H8O2)x)中的含氧官能团,减少胶残留,并首次将其运用在CVD生长的石墨烯单层薄膜上。通过不同浓度NaOH溶液的选择,我们有效地解决了NaOH与SiO2/Si衬底反应的问题。处理结果显示,通过NaOH溶液浸泡石墨烯的载流子浓度变为原来的三分之一甚至更少,而且处理效果最明显的石墨烯样品的迁移率从880cm2/Vs升高到2260cm2/Vs。同时我们比较了水和NaOH处理效果的稳定性,结果显示用水处理的样品迁移率很快回到了处理前的数据,而用NaOH溶液处理的石墨烯薄膜迁移率最终稳定在原有迁移率的1.5倍。     

N_2流量对HiPIMS制备Al-N共掺杂ZnO薄膜的性能影响

采用高功率脉冲反应磁控溅射(HiPIMS)在玻璃基底上沉积Al-N共掺氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜,研究氮气(N_2)流量对Al-N共掺杂ZnO薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌和电学性质的影响。测量结果表明,N_2流量对掺杂的ZnO薄膜电导率类型转变和光电性能有很大影响:当N_2流量为8 mL/min时,掺杂ZnO薄膜在可见光波段透过率大于85%,薄膜导电类型为n型;随着N_2流量的增加,薄膜经历n-p-n型的转变过程。当N_2流量为20 mL/min时,掺杂的ZnO结晶性最好,晶体缺陷少、XRD衍射峰半峰宽(FWHM)最小、表面粗糙度也低,为p-ZnO。薄膜电学性能测量显示:载流子浓度、迁移率、电阻率分别为5.47×10~(17)cm~(-3)、2.7 cm~2/Vs、4.51Ωcm。     

透明导电IMO薄膜的载流子迁移率研究

采用van der Pauw法、等离子振荡波长法和光谱拟合法等三种方法对IMO(In2 O3 ∶Mo)薄膜和ITO(In2 O3 ∶Sn)薄膜的载流子迁移率进行了测量和比较。结果表明 ,IMO薄膜的载流子迁移率高达 10 0cm2 V-1s-1以上 ,远超过已报导的其他掺杂透明导电氧化物 (TCO)薄膜的载流子迁移率 ;IMO薄膜的载流子有效质量约为电子静止质量的 0 35倍 ;IMO薄膜的高载流子迁移率主要是由于载流子受到的散射作用较弱所引起。这无法用通常的掺杂TCO薄膜的载流子散射理论来解释 ,为此引入复合效应进行分析。在ITO薄膜中 ,每形成一个电中性复合粒子 ,就会使两个掺杂的Sn4 失去贡献载流子的电活性 ;而在IMO薄膜中 ,即使一个掺杂Mo6 与晶格间隙中的一个O2 -结合成复合离子后 ,该复合离子仍然会贡献出一个载流子 ,故薄膜中形成的电中性复合粒子数目较少 ,从而导致价态差为 3的IMO薄膜中的电中性复合粒子对载流子的散射远低于价态差为 1的ITO薄膜 ,因此 ,IMO薄膜有可能获得较高的载流子迁移率     

Deposition of boron doped DLC films on TiNb and characterization of their mechanical properties and blood compatibility

Abstract

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) material is used in blood contacting devices as the surface coating material because of the antithrombogenicity behavior which helps to inhibit platelet adhesion and activation. In this study, DLC films were doped with boron during pulsed plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to improve the blood compatibility. The ratio of boron to carbon (B/C) was varied from 0 to 0.4 in the film by adjusting the flow rate of trimethylboron and acetylene. Tribological tests indicated that boron doping with a low B/C ratio of 0.03 is beneficial for reducing friction (μ = 0.1), lowering hardness and slightly increasing wear rate compared to undoped DLC films. The B/C ratio in the film of 0.03 and 0.4 exhibited highly hydrophilic surface owing to their high wettability and high surface energy. An in vitro platelet adhesion experiment was conducted to compare the blood compatibility of TiNb substrates before and after coating with undoped and boron doped DLC. Films with highly hydrophilic surface enhanced the blood compatibility of TiNb, and the best results were obtained for DLC with the B/C ratio of 0.03. Boron doped DLC films are promising surface coatings for blood contacting devices.     

A positron annihilation study on the defect properties of doped diamond films

Doppler broadening measurements were performed on undoped, boron doped, and sulfur doped diamond films. The defect properties in these different diamond films were analyzed and the effect of boron concentration in the B-doped diamond films on these properties was studied. The Doppler broadening measurements were characterized with the shape parameter S and the wing parameter W. From these fitted characteristic S and W values of the diamond films and plots of S vs. position implantation energy, it was deduced that undoped and S-doped diamond films are rich of vacancy-like defects, while B-doped diamond films are poor of vacancy-like defects. This difference may originate from possible different charge state of the vacancy-like defects and from the incorporation of impurities in the different growth ambient of the films. By comparing the parameters obtained in the Doppler broadening measurements of diamond films with different boron concentration, we found that S values of B-doped diamond did not decreased with the increasing of boron concentration, which suggests that more damaged regions form in the higher boron concentration samples.     

Electrical properties/Doping efficiency of doped microcrystalline silicon layers prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition

Microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) doped films were prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) to investigate the doping efficiency. The incorporation probability of different dopant atoms into the solid-phase is always increasing with the doping gas concentrations, but very different for the doping gases used: trimethylboron (TMB), boron trifluoride (BF₃) and phosphine (PH₃). At the same doping gas concentration in the process gas the incorporation of phosphorus atoms into the solid μc-Si phase is much larger than that of boron atoms with respect to the dissociation probability of the doping gases. The electron and hole concentrations, estimated from Hall measurements, are directly related to the solid phase concentration of the doping atoms and independent of the type of dopant and the doping gas used. This results in an equal doping efficiency of about 20 % for the incorporated B and P atoms in doped HWCVD μc-Si films. For the dopant atom concentration regime investigated the doping efficiency of B atoms is in good agreement with corresponding PECVD doping efficiencies however, the doping efficiency of P atoms is considerably lower for our n-doped films.     

P型和N型金刚石薄膜研究进展

金刚石薄膜有着高的热导率,高的介质击穿场强,高的载流子迁移率以及宽的禁带等优点,是非常理想的功能材料。掺杂使金刚石薄膜具有独特的电学和热学性能,使其在半导体领域具有广阔的应用前景,近年来成为国内外研究的热点之一。综述了金刚石薄膜P型掺杂和N型掺杂的研究现状,对金刚石薄膜N型掺杂研究中存在的问题进行了分析和探索,并对N型金刚石的前景进行了展望。     

不同氩气与氢气流量比对硼掺杂纳米金刚石膜的影响

采用直流热阴极PCVD方法,以B(OCH3)3作为硼源,通过改变氩气与氢气流量比,在p型Si衬底上沉积了硼掺杂纳米金刚石膜.研究了不同氩气与氢气流最比对掺硼金刚石膜生长的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、霍尔系统等对样品的形貌、结构和导电性能进行了表征.结果表明,随着氩气与氢气流量比的增加,膜的晶粒尺寸由微米级向纳米级转变,并且膜中非晶碳成分增多,膜的导电性能变好.     

Co-doping of sulfur and boron in CVD-diamond

Diamond films had been grown by microwave plasma-assisted CVD using acetone diluted in hydrogen. Sulfur incorporation in diamond was achieved by co-doping method using dimethyl disulfide and boron dioxide. Structural and compositional characterization of the as-grown films was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectrum, auger electron spectrometer (AES) and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). AES and PIXE analyses confirmed that the sulfur was successfully introduced into diamond films. N-type conduction of the films was confirmed by Seebeck-effect measurements. The donor activity of the sulfur decreased from 0.52 to 0.39 eV with increasing of S incorporation into diamond. Results indicated that boron facilitated the sulfur into diamond via co-doping method.     

A comparative study of p-type diamond films using Raman and transport measurements

The influence of deposition temperature in the properties of synthetic diamond films grown by two different chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques, hot-filament- and microwave-plasma-assisted, was investigated. These samples were obtained using the optimal growth conditions previously achieved in this work. Raman spectroscopy was employed in order to investigate the diamond film quality as a function of the deposition temperature. It was found that the nondiamond carbon bands decrease as the deposition temperature increases for both the deposition methods, leading to higher-quality diamond films. The micro- and macro-Raman spectra showed that the nondiamond band is already present in a single diamond grain. Both techniques provided well homogeneous diamond films and with equivalently good quality. Boron-doped diamond films with different carrier concentration levels were also studied. In order to get details about the electrical properties of the films, resistivity as a function of the boron concentration—in association with Raman spectra—and temperature-dependent transport measurements were employed. The results showed that the boron doping is the main responsible for the conductivity and that the variable range hopping (VRH) mechanism dominates the transport in these doped diamond films.     

Dodecaborane‐Based Dopants Designed to Shield Anion Electrostatics Lead to Increased Carrier Mobility in a Doped Conjugated Polymer

One of the most effective ways to tune the electronic properties of conjugated polymers is to dope them with small‐molecule oxidizing agents, creating holes on the polymer and molecular anions. Undesirably, strong electrostatic attraction from the anions of most dopants localizes the holes created on the polymer, reducing their mobility. Here, a new strategy utilizing a substituted boron cluster as a molecular dopant for conjugated polymers is employed. By designing the cluster to have a high redox potential and steric protection of the core‐localized electron density, highly delocalized polarons with mobilities equivalent to films doped with no anions present are obtained. AC Hall effect measurements show that P3HT films doped with these boron clusters have conductivities and polaron mobilities roughly an order of magnitude higher than films doped with F₄TCNQ, even though the boron‐cluster‐doped films have poor crystallinity. Moreover, the number of free carriers approximately matches the number of boron clusters, yielding a doping efficiency of ≈100%. These results suggest that shielding the polaron from the anion is a critically important aspect for producing high carrier mobility, and that the high polymer crystallinity required with dopants such as F₄TCNQ is primarily to keep the counterions far from the polymer backbone.