高炉综合开炉法操作实践

莱钢第一铁厂采用全焦开炉时，开炉过程易产生顽固性悬料，１９９６年１１月２３日１＃高炉第五代采用了综合法开炉。综合法开炉吸取了全焦开炉和木柴开炉的优点，开炉程序简单，技术安全性好，开炉顺利。采用综合法开炉，木柴必须干燥，严格控制风温不大于１５０℃。     

25 MVA锰硅全封闭电炉开炉工艺实践

对电极焙烧进行理论分析，制定开炉及间断开炉新工艺方案，通过实践，取得了开炉一次成功，消耗降低，开炉时间缩短的效果。     

重钢4号高炉快速开炉及达产的实践

对重钢4号高炉开炉及快速达产经验进行了总结，通过精心做好开炉准备，制订周密的开炉方案并认真执行，在开炉5天内利用系数突破2．0；15天后开始喷煤，迅速摸索出合理的操作制度，实现了快速开炉达产。     

济钢3号高炉中修开炉浅析

通过对济钢3号高炉中修开炉实践的分析，认为：全焦开炉，带风装料，提前点是一项先进的形炉工艺技术。节约木材资源，降低开炉费用和人工的劳动强度，料柱透气性好，不容易悬料，开炉周期短，开炉指标好。     

三钢4号高炉开炉及快速达产实践

三钢4号高炉开炉前做了大量准备工作，但由于在开炉装料过程中炉内焦炭着火，点火开炉前炉顶打水装置被误打开，大量水入炉，打乱了原有开炉计划。经过采取合理的方案，使开炉工作安全顺利，快速达产。     

湘钢750m3高炉大修开炉及达产实践

通过选择合理的开炉方式、开炉料及开炉参数，快速地降低炉温，减少冶炼铸造铁时间，适时地调整装料制度、送风制度，湘钢750m^3高炉实现了安全开炉和快速达产。     

天铁4号高炉中修开炉实践

天铁4号高炉因设备老化停炉中修78天，在开炉过程中，通过制定详细的烘炉和开炉方案，确定合理的开炉工艺参数，及时调整高炉操作等措施，在开炉一周后利用系数突破2．13t／m^3．d，实现了快速达产。     

包钢3#高炉中修开炉快速达产实践

文章对包钢3#高炉（2200m2）开炉及达产的生产操作经验进行了总结。在开炉生产中，采用全焦开炉，科学配料计算，优化装料方案、制定合理的操作制度，加强炉内操作和炉前出铁，实现开炉3天快速达产。     

八钢2500m^3高炉开炉及生产准备实践

对八钢A高炉开炉及其生产准备经验进行了总结。由于开炉准备充分，开炉料方案制定合理，开炉操作得当，实现了顺利开炉。     

1MVA硅钙电炉工艺参数对开炉的影响

分析了与开炉成功率相关的电炉参数，总结了开炉经验。认为1MVA硅钙电炉采用分层法冶炼时，二次电压选用65V，极心圆直径缩小到980mm，可提高开炉成功率，减少开炉次数，延长生产周期，降低生产成本。     

Time Base as an Invertible Function of the Parameters of Gamma Unit Hydrograph

Analytical but approximate invertible equations for time base of gamma unit hydrographs or unit kernel hydrograph (UKH), which are applicable to all catchments, are derived in terms of the parameters of the unit hydrograph. The time base has been linked to the time to peak and lag time for the gamma UKH. The gamma UKH is redefined taking the time base and time to peak as parameters, as these parameters are physically more conceivable than the conventional parameters. The widely used National Resource Conservation Service empirical equations for the time base are found not applicable to all catchments. The proposed equations can also be used for determining the conventional parameters from the known values of the time base and time to peak or lag time. Using the proposed equations for time to peak and time base, the gamma UKH is fitted to few published storm events considering the time base as a parameter.     

Perception of anticipatory time in temporal discounting.

The current article focuses on the role of anticipatory time perception in temporal discounting. We propose a perceived-time–based model and demonstrate that 2 aspects of time perception are relevant to hyperbolic discounting. Specifically, our model states that diminishing sensitivity to longer time horizons (i.e., how long individuals perceive short time horizons to be relative to long time horizons) and the level of time contraction overall (i.e., how long or short individuals perceive time horizons to be overall) contribute to the degree of hyperbolic discounting. We estimate individual differences in the degree of diminishing sensitivity to time and the degree of time contraction, and demonstrate that each significantly predicts the degree of hyperbolic discounting. These results empirically confirm two unique aspects of anticipatory time perception in determining individuals’ temporal discounting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

广钢第一电炉炼钢厂两炉连浇的时间因素解析

对广钢第一电炉炼钢厂两炉连烧流程中时间因素进行解析,首次应用时间点,时间域,时间序,时间位等概念定量解释了ＬＦ精炼炉的精炼炉的缓冲调节功能,分析不同时间位所对应的精炼工序的温变化,得出了比较优化的操作方案。     

VD真空精炼温度预报模型

开发了较为完善的VD终点温度在线预报系统。采用MINITAB软件确定影响VD过程温降的主要因素为抽真空时间、保压时间、吹氩时间、非真空时间、VD搬入钢水的过热度、LF处理时间以及转炉出钢至VD初始测温之间的钢包运输时间。应用神经网络方法对VD处理终点的钢水温度进行在线预报,系统在线连续预报了95罐,预报温度与实际测量温...     

PLC控制系统时钟同步

PLC时钟同步是在同一网络中的所有PLC设备在时间上保持统一,以Rockwell PLC为例,使用精确时间同步协议(precise time protocol,简称PTP)来对子系统PLC进行时钟同步,以期达到全系统保持时钟一致。在高炉控制系统中,以高炉本体系统作为主时钟节点,其余的系统作为子节点,结合NTP和CIP同步两种协议,实现PLC系统和HMI系统的时钟同步。并使用PLC系统中的同步时钟来实现HMI的报警,为故障或事件发生的第一原因的查找、缩短处理时间、减少对生产的影响提供了有力的保障。     

Multiscale Wavelet-LQR Controller for Linear Time Varying Systems

This paper proposes a multiresolution based wavelet controller for the control of linear time varying systems consisting of a time invariant component and a component with zero mean slowly time varying parameters. The real time discrete wavelet transform controller is based on a time interval from the initial until the current time and is updated at regular time steps. By casting a modified optimal control problem in a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) form constrained to a band of frequency in the wavelet domain, frequency band dependent control gain matrices are obtained. The weighting matrices are varied for different bands of frequencies depending on the emphasis to be placed on the response energy or the control effort in minimizing the cost functional, for the particular band of frequency leading to frequency dependent gains. The frequency dependent control gain matrices of the developed controller are applied to multiresolution analysis (MRA) based filtered time signals obtained until the current time. The use of MRA ensures perfect decomposition to obtain filtered time signals over the finite interval considered, with a fast numerical implementation for control application. The proposed controller developed using the Daubechies wavelet is shown to work effectively for the control of free and forced vibration (both under harmonic and random excitations) responses of linear time varying single-degree-of-freedom and multidegree-of-freedom systems. Even for the cases where the conventional LQR or addition of viscous damping fails to control the vibration response, the proposed controller effectively suppresses the instabilities in the linear time varying systems.     

不锈钢热塑性降低的非平衡偏聚机理

Mintz于1997年报道了一个有趣的试验现象:随着拉伸应变速率的增加,奥氏体钢韧性降低,铁素体钢韧性反而提高。其机制未得到解释。通过计算试验钢中P原子的非平衡晶界偏聚临界时间,结果发现奥氏体钢拉伸前热过程的等效时间短于其临界时间,而铁素体钢的等效时间长于其临界时间。由于奥氏体钢和铁素体钢分别在850和800℃等效时间最接近临界时间,韧性最低,即试验钢的热塑性降低都是由于非平衡晶界偏聚的临界时间造成的。应变速率降低,弹性应力作用时间增加。晶界偏聚量改变,热塑性降低的程度也随之改变。即热塑性降低的程度随应变速率的改变是由应力引起的非平衡晶界偏聚决定。     

Work time, work interference with family, and psychological distress.

Despite public concern about time pressures experienced by working parents, few scholars have explicitly examined the effects of work time on work-family conflict. The authors developed and tested a model of the predictors of work time and the relationships between time, work interference with family (WIF), and psychological distress. Survey data came from 513 employees in a Fortune 500 company. As predicted, several work and family characteristics were significantly related to work time. In addition, work time was significantly, positively related to WIF, which in turn was significantly, negatively related to distress. The results suggest that work time fully or partially mediates the effects of many work and family characteristics on WIF. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A thematic analysis of the experience of time.

Developed a category system describing the human experience of time to put existing theoretical notions about time (e.g., future time perspective, time urgency, object constancy) into a broader theoretical context. 20 mature, articulate, well-educated Ss (mean age 42.8 yrs) were interviewed about their experience of time. A thematic analysis of these interviews produced 3 major categories: (1) change and continuity (becoming in time), (2) limits and choices (doing in time), and (3) tempo (pacing in time). The experience of time in various diagnostic groups (e.g., depressed, character disorder, schizophrenic) is discussed in terms of the category system. It is suggested that this system would be useful in providing a common language and unified conceptual framework for organizing information about the human experience of time. (37 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于小波分解的设备状态预测方法

首次提出将小波分解应用于非平稳时间序列的预测中,通过小波分解将非平稳时间序列分解为多层近似意义上的平稳时间序列,并且用AR(n)模型对分解后的时间序列进行预测,进而得到最终的预测结果.将该方法应用于压缩机轴承座磨损的趋势预测中,通过与基于BP网络的预测方法相比较表明:该方法预测精度高,而且预测速度快,可以有效地应用设备状态的预测和设备故障趋势的分析中.