共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 82 毫秒
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以碳毡为基体,采用瓦特型镀镍工艺电沉积镍,获得碳镍(C-Ni)电极,然后在离子液体体系中以C-Ni为基体电沉积Ni-Mo合金。采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对合金电极的表面形貌和结构进行了表征,通过阴极极化曲线、交流阻抗等电化学测试研究了其析氢催化性能。实验结果表明,制得的Ni-Mo合金中Mo的质量百分含量约为5.12%,平均晶粒尺寸约为2.2 nm,为纳米晶结构;极化曲线测试表明,当电流密度为0.1 A·cm-2时,Ni-Mo/C-Ni合金电极催化析氢电位较C-Ni电极正移108 mV,较碳毡正移557 mV,较水溶液中沉积的紫铜基Ni-Mo合金电极正移约50 mV;连续电解和断电流实验结果表明Ni-Mo/C-Ni合金电极具有良好的电化学稳定性,实用前景广阔。 相似文献
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采用正交实验法确定了电沉积N i-Mo合金的最佳工艺。通过测试N i-Mo合金在模拟氯碱工业离子膜电解槽工艺条件下的阴极极化曲线,考察了N i-Mo合金电极的催化析氢性能。结果表明,当电流密度为3.0kA/m2时,N i-Mo合金电极的析氢过电位较镀镍电极降低约400 mV,反应活化能仅为24.89 kJ/mol。扫描电镜观察到N i-Mo合金电极表面微观粗糙,X射线衍射测试结果表明,所制备的N i-Mo合金为纳米晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸为2.25 nm。 相似文献
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在吗啉盐酸盐和双氰胺组成的深共融溶剂体系的条件下,以吗啉、浓盐酸、双氰胺为原料通过缩合反应合成盐酸吗啉双胍。讨论反应温度、时间、反应物摩尔比等因素对盐酸吗啉双胍合成收率的影响,重点考察深共融溶剂体系组分间不同摩尔比对体系熔点的影响,以及研究产物的分离和纯化的方法。研究结果表明:在由吗啉盐酸盐和双氰胺组成的深共融溶剂体系的条件下以吗啉、浓盐酸、双氰胺为原料通过缩合反应合成盐酸吗啉双胍的方法简单,产品易于分离。吗啉盐酸盐/双氰胺(mol)为1.0∶0.8和1.0∶1.8时,深共融溶剂体系熔点为48℃。通过对影响因素的考察,找到了使用该法合成盐酸吗啉双胍的最佳合成条件:缩合反应温度为140℃;最佳反应时间为3h;物料配比(mol)为1∶0.8。 相似文献
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在镀液中悬浮粒径为200~400 nm的ZrO2固体颗粒,以电沉积方法制备了Ni-S-Co/ZrO2复合电极。XRD和SEM测试结果表明,沉积层由非晶态的Ni、Co、S和单斜晶型的ZrO2粒子组成。镀层表面呈团粒状结构,无裂隙,与基体结合牢固。电化学测试结果表明,25℃时,Ni-S-Co/ZrO2复合电极在质量分数28%NaOH水溶液中,在电流密度100 mA/cm2下的超电势为145 mV,与未复合纳米ZrO2粒子的Ni-S-Co电极相比降低了50 mV。表明超细ZrO2的掺入有效提高了电极对析氢反应的催化效果。实验表明,沉积的最佳电流密度为70 mA/cm2,最适宜的ZrO2用量为15 g/L,采用Ni-S-Co作为过渡层可以显著改善复合镀层与基体的结合。 相似文献
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电沉积制备Ni-P非晶态催化电极上的析氢反应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用直接电沉积法在室温下制备出不同磷含量的Ni-P合金电极,用恒电流极化法研究了电极在20℃的1 mol/L KOH溶液中作为析氢反应阴极的催化性能,并用XRD及SEM方法研究了Ni-P合金镀层的组织结构. 实验结果表明,磷含量为8.49 at%的Ni-P合金电极具有优良的催化性能,在150 mA/cm2的电流密度下,析氢反应过电位最低,约为95 mV, 比纯镍电极低342 mV, 低电流密度区的Tafel斜率为65.4 mV/dec, 表现出良好的析氢催化活性, 这种高催化活性与镀层磷含量及组织结构有关. 相似文献
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在镀液中悬浮粒径约为200~400 nm 的ZrO2固体颗粒,以电沉积方法制备了Ni-S-Co/ZrO2复合电极。XRD和SEM测试结果表明,沉积层由非晶态的Ni、Co、S和单斜晶型的ZrO2粒子组成。镀层表面呈团粒状结构,无裂隙,与基体结合牢固。电化学测试结果表明,25 ℃时,Ni-S-Co/ZrO2复合电极在28%NaOH溶液中,在电流密度100 mA•cm-2下的超电势为145 mV,与未复合纳米ZrO2粒子的Ni-S-Co电极相比降低了50 mV。表明超细ZrO2的掺入有效提高了电极对析氢反应的催化效果。实验表明,沉积的最佳电流密度为70 mA•cm-2,最适宜的ZrO2用量为15 g/L,采用Ni-S-Co作为过渡层可以显著改善复合镀层与基体的结合。 相似文献
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绿色且高效的电池和电催化反应是可持续发展的基本要求,其关键因素之一在于选择能提高效率的绿色电解质和合成高效电极材料的绿色溶剂。低共熔溶剂(DESs)是一种新型环境友好的电解质和溶剂。与传统的溶剂和电解质(如离子液体、水、超临界二氧化碳)相比,DESs具有合成简便、价格低廉、可设计等优点,在电池和电催化领域有着广阔的应用前景。这方面的研究还处于起步阶段,未见有综述系统介绍。本综述内容包括以下几个部分。(1) DESs作为电池和电催化反应的电解质,其中电池包括太阳能电池、锂离子电池、钠电池、锌电池、铝电池、液流电池、超级电容器,电催化反应包括析氧反应、析氢反应、氧还原反应、全解水反应、氮气电催化反应、二氧化碳电还原反应;(2) DESs作为制备电池和电催化反应电极材料的溶剂;(3) DESs作为回收电极材料的溶剂;(4)结论和展望。 相似文献
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ChCl-urea-ZnO低共熔溶剂体系的电化学行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了ChCl-urea-ZnO低共熔溶剂(DES)体系的电化学行为与ZnO浓度的相互关系。电导率测定结果表明,ChCl-urea-ZnO体系的电导率随ZnO浓度的增加而增大,但当ZnO浓度超过0.24 mol·L-1,体系电导率趋于稳定。随着温度的升高,ChCl-urea-ZnO的电导率增大,电导率与温度的关系符合Kohlraush经验公式。循环伏安测试结果表明,在ChCl-urea-ZnO低共熔体系中,Zn(Ⅱ)还原为金属锌是受扩散控制的准可逆过程,Zn(Ⅱ)的扩散系数约为1.2×10-7 cm2·s-1。而且金属锌的析出电位随ZnO浓度的增加而正移,峰值电流明显增大,说明增大ZnO浓度有利于锌的沉积。此外,ZnO浓度对锌沉积层的形貌有明显影响,不同ZnO浓度下得到锌沉积物的形貌各不相同,有短棒状、方形等。 相似文献
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Ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) as media are used to extract two flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba. The influence factors of extraction efficiency such as types of TDESs, concentrations of TDESs, solid/liquid ratio, and extraction methods have been investigated. The optimal composition of TDESs is synthesized with choline chloride, oxalic acid, and ethylene glycol (n/n/n, 1/1/3). The extraction of flavonoids is optimized using water-TDESs (50 vol% TDES in water-TDESs) as solvents in heating process (60°C) for 30 min at solid/liquid ratio of 1:10 g/mL. Under this condition, extraction yields of quercetin and myricetin are 1.40 and 1.11 mg/g, respectively. 相似文献
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通过简单加热1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯(EMIES)离子液体和3-苯丙酸(C9H10O2)的混合物,制备了一系列酸性低共熔溶剂EMIES/nC9H10O2(n=0.25,0.5,1,2,4)。通过FTIR,1H NMR和TGA的表征,确定EMIES/nC9H10O2的结构。以该低共熔溶剂为催化剂和萃取剂,H2O2为氧化剂,组成氧化-萃取脱硫体系,用于脱除模拟油中的硫化物。考察了原料配比、反应温度、氧硫比(O/S)、低共熔溶剂加入量和不同硫化物对脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,在EMIES和C9H10O2摩尔比为1∶1,反应温度为50℃,O/S比为8,低共熔溶剂加入量为1.5 g和模拟油5 ml的反应条件下,二苯并噻吩、4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩和苯并噻吩的脱除率分别为94.8%、91.6%和46.4%。低共熔溶剂可循环使用6次,活性无明显下降。此外,对该氧化-萃取脱硫体系的脱硫机理进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Yongkang Cao Xiangping Zhang Shaojuan Zeng Yanrong Liu Haifeng Dong Chun Deng 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2020,66(8):e16253
The emerging of ionic liquids (ILs) provides an efficient and sustainable way to separate and recover NH3 due to their unique properties. However, the solid or highly viscous ILs are not suitable for traditional scrubbing. Therefore, an effective strategy was proposed by combining the protic ILs (PILs) with acidic H and low viscous ethylene glycol (EG) to form IL-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for NH3 absorption. The results indicated that these PIL-based DESs not only have fast absorption rate, but also exhibit exceptional NH3 capacity and excellent recyclability. The highest mass capacity of 211 mg NH3/g DES was achieved by [Im][NO3]/EG with molar ratio of 1:3, and was higher than all the reported ILs and IL-based DESs, which was originated from multiple hydrogen bonding between acidic H and hydroxyl groups of the DESs and NH3. This work will provide useful idea for designing IL-based solvents for NH3 separation applications. 相似文献
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Liu-Ying Yu Xiao-Jing Hou Gao-Peng Ren Ke-Jun Wu Chao-Hong He 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(9):e17744
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a novel category of sustainable solvents, are expected to achieve the design of the chemical processes without utilizing or generating harmful chemicals. In this work, based on the mathematical model inspired by the transition state theory, the group contribution method is used to accurately predict the viscosity of DESs. The model is constrained by Eyring rate theory and hard sphere free volume theory. A dataset of 2229 experimental viscosity data points of 183 DESs from literature is used to determine the model parameters and subsequently verify the model. The rules introduced by this model are simple and easy to follow. The results show that the proposed model is capable to predict the viscosity of DESs with very high accuracy, using only temperature and composition as inputs. The average absolute relative deviations (AARDs) of the model are 8.12% and 8.64% over the training and test sets, respectively, and the maximum ARD is 34.63%. Therefore, the as-proposed model can be considered a highly reliable tool for predicting the viscosity of DESs when experimental data are absent. It will provide useful guidance for the synthesis of DESs with specific viscosity to meet different application requirements and promote their industrial-scale implementation. 相似文献
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将适量四乙基氯化铵(TEAC)和三氟乙酸(TFA)通过简单搅拌加热(70℃)的方式合成一系列新型低共熔溶剂TEAC/nTFA(n=0.5,1,1.5,2),并对其结构进行红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征分析。以TEAC/nTFA为催化剂和萃取剂,H2O2为氧化剂研究其对模拟油中硫化物的脱除效果。并考察了n(TEAC(/n(TFA(、温度、O/S、不同硫化物等反应条件对脱硫效率的影响。在最佳反应条件下,TEAC/TFA对二苯并噻吩(DBT(,苯并噻吩(BT(和噻吩(TH(的脱除率分别达到95.4%,56.2%和23.4%。基于一级动力学和Arrhenius方程,估算出氧化脱除DBT所需的活化能约为56.8 kJ·mol-1。反应活化能较低,氧化反应较易进行。TEAC/TFA回收利用5次之后活性无明显降低。 相似文献
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离子液体和低共熔溶剂因其良好的溶解与催化能力,可催化CO2转化为高附加值化学品。本文综述了离子液体和低共熔溶剂催化CO2转化为有机碳酸酯的研究进展,分析了CO2与醇生成直链碳酸酯以及与环氧化物生成环状碳酸酯的反应机理;介绍了传统型、质子型、功能化离子液体以及由氯化胆碱、季铵盐与季膦盐、有机碱等作为氢键受体组成的低共熔溶剂,及其在CO2转化为直链和环状碳酸酯反应中的催化性能;总结了此两类反应中离子液体和低共熔溶剂设计的基本规律;指出了CO2转化反应中离子液体与低共熔溶剂存在的催化效率低、稳定性不高、后续分离困难等问题,后续研究可结合计算机辅助设计方法,探索更合适的阴阳离子/氢键供受体组合,获得更高效的催化体系。 相似文献
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Irfan Wazeer Maan Hayyan Mohamed K Hadj‐Kali 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2018,93(4):945-958
The increasing demand for multi‐task green solvents has spurred the development of next‐generation liquid media such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which have recently attracted increased attention. DESs are mixtures of salts and complexing agents, having freezing points lower than those of starting individual components. Similarly to ionic liquids, DESs exhibit distinctive properties such as chemical and thermal stability, biodegradability, non‐flammability, and cost effectiveness. These features account for their wide range of applications, e.g. as extractants, reactants, catalysts, reaction media, additives, and lubricants. This review summarizes the recent research efforts directed at exploring the potential applications of DESs in various chemical processes. With the rapid publication of reports on this new generation of solvents, other roles also are expected to be seen sooner or later. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献