基于层次角色委托的服务网格授权执行模型

针对网格应用中对委托限制的多方面需求,提出了基于层次角色委托的服务网格授权执行模型.模型支持委托角色授予与撤销功能以及相应的关联性限制特性.通过加入信任度,细化了关联性限制的表达粒度.通过定义角色树作为委托授权的基本单位并对角色树进行剪枝,改善了部分委托实现的难度.通过定义带信任度的委托传播树,细化了对委托传播限制的控制.提出的委托凭证全面支持了角色委托的临时性、关联性、部分性、传播性限制需求.对模型中的委托授权执行规则作了形式化描述,并证明了执行规则能够细粒度地控制委托授权的执行过程.实例展示表明,模型能够满足网格应用对委托限制多方面的需求.     

Delegating revocations and authorizations in collaborative business environments

Efficient collaboration allows organizations and individuals to improve the efficiency and quality of their business activities. Delegations, as a signif icant approach, may occur as workflow collabora tions, supply chain collaborations, or collaborative commerce. Role-based delegation models have been used as flexible and efficient access management for collaborative business environments. Delegation revocations can provide significant functionalities for the models in business environments when the delegated roles or permissions are required to get back. However, problems may arise in the revocation process when one user delegates user U a role and another user delegates U a negative authorization of the role. This paper aims to analyse various role-based delegation revocation features through examples. Revocations are categorized in four dimensions: Dependency, Resilience, Propagation and Dominance. According to these dimensions, sixteen types of revocations exist for specific requests in collaborative business environments: DependentWeakLocalDelete, Dependent WeakLocalNegative, DependentWeakGlobalDelete, DependentWeakGlobalNegative, IndependentWeak LocalDelete, IndependentWeakLocalNegative, Inde pendentWeakGlobalDelete, IndependentWeakGlobal Negative, and so on. We present revocation delegating models, and then discuss user delegation authorization and the impact of revocation operations. Finally, comparisons with other related work are discussed.

TRDM--具有时限的基于角色的转授权模型

当前基于角色的系统的完全依赖于管理者的集中式管理方式,不能够满足分布环境下的系统管理的需求．基于角色的转授权模型(role—based delegation model,RDM)更适于分布式环境的授权管理,但当前的几种授权模型都不支持时限(temporary)和授权宽度．基于时限和授权宽度等方面,对RDM2000(role-based delegation model 2000)模型进行了扩充,提出了完备的具有时限的基于角色的转授权模型(ternporal role—based delegation model,TRDM),并提出了新的基于TRDM的角色授权和角色撤销(revocation)机制．     

DW-RBAC: A formal security model of delegation and revocation in workflow systems

One reason workflow systems have been criticized as being inflexible is that they lack support for delegation. This paper shows how delegation can be introduced in a workflow system by extending the role-based access control (RBAC) model. The current RBAC model is a security mechanism to implement access control in organizations by allowing users to be assigned to roles and privileges to be associated with the roles. Thus, users can perform tasks based on the privileges possessed by their own role or roles they inherit by virtue of their organizational position. However, there is no easy way to handle delegations within this model. This paper tries to treat the issues surrounding delegation in workflow systems in a comprehensive way. We show how delegations can be incorporated into the RBAC model in a simple and straightforward manner. The new extended model is called RBAC with delegation in a workflow context (DW-RBAC). It allows for delegations to be specified from a user to another user, and later revoked when the delegation is no longer required. The implications of such specifications and their subsequent revocations are examined. Several formal definitions for assertion, acceptance, execution and revocation are provided, and proofs are given for the important properties of our delegation framework.     

A delegation model for extended RBAC

In the field of access control, delegation is an important aspect that is considered part of the administration mechanism. Thus, a comprehensive access control model must provide a flexible administration model to manage delegation and revocation. Unfortunately, to our best knowledge, there is no complete model for describing all delegation requirements for role-based access control. Therefore, proposed models are often extended to support new delegation or revocation characteristics, which is a complex task to manage and requires the redefinition of these models. Moreover, since delegation is modelled separately from administration, this requires the specification of a separate security policy to deal with delegation. In this paper, we describe a new delegation approach for extended role-based access control models. We show that our approach is flexible and is sufficient to deal with administration and delegation requirements in a homogeneous unified framework. Moreover, it provides means to express various delegation and revocation dimensions in a simple manner.     

基于RBAC的灵活集团委托模型

针对现有基于RBAC的委托模型不支持集团用户委托形式,提出一种基于角色的灵活集团委托模型,给出了委托关系、委托授权、委托撤销的形式化描述及委托实施过程。该模型提供了一种灵活的委托机制,实现了在分布式协同工作环境下从单个用户到集团用户的统一委托。     

具有时限性和区域性特征的基于角色转授权模型

对分布式系统基于角色转授权模型（Role based Delegation Model,RDM）进行深入研究。RDM更适合于分布式系统的授权管理,但当前的几种RDM都不支持时限性和区域性。根据分布式系统的特点,首先提出了转授权的区域性特征;基于转授权的时限性特征和区域性特征对RDM2000模型进行扩充,提出了完备的具有时限性和区域性特征的基于角色的转授权模型（Temporary and Domain Role based Delegation Model,TDRDM）;并给出了基于TDRDM的转授权（delegation）和转授权撤销（delegation revocation）机制;最后通过分布式系统实例对TDRDM模型的转授权进行描述。     

多自治域协同环境中群组通信的安全访问控制

支持多自治域协作的安全通信环境是大规模分布式应用的基础,群通信由于高效、可伸缩等特点,成为这种协作环境的一种基本通信方式．然而,由于没有集中的控制中心,实体分别隶属于异构的自治域且动态变化,引发了大量新的安全访问控制问题．针对多域协作的异构性和动态性特点,提出一套基于角色的分布式信任管理的解决方案,重点解决了动态联合授权以及基于属性的委托授权．在此基础上建立了一套较完整的安全通信体系,包括安全策略的协商、信任证的颁发、信任证与安全策略的一致性验证以及用户访问权限论证等．它为多域协作环境的群通信提供了更加灵活、可靠、安全的访问控制模式．     

Comprehensive two-level analysis of role-based delegation and revocation policies with UML and OCL

ContextRole-based access control (RBAC) has become the de facto standard for access management in various large-scale organizations. Often role-based policies must implement organizational rules to satisfy compliance or authorization requirements, e.g., the principle of separation of duty (SoD). To provide business continuity, organizations should also support the delegation of access rights and roles, respectively. This, however, makes access control more complex and error-prone, in particular, when delegation concepts interplay with SoD rules.ObjectiveA systematic way to specify and validate access control policies consisting of organizational rules such as SoD as well as delegation and revocation rules shall be developed. A domain-specific language for RBAC as well as delegation concepts shall be made available.MethodIn this paper, we present an approach to the precise specification and validation of role-based policies based on UML and OCL. We significantly extend our earlier work, which proposed a UML-based domain-specific language for RBAC, by supporting delegation and revocation concepts.ResultWe show the appropriateness of our approach by applying it to a banking application. In particular, we give three scenarios for validating the interplay between SoD rules and delegation/revocation.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to formalize advanced RBAC concepts, such as history-based SoD as well as various delegation and revocation schemes, with UML and OCL. With the rich tool support of UML, we believe our work can be employed to validate and implement real-world role-based policies.     

复合模式的网格系统信任授权模型

作为研究焦点的网格系统提供了一种受控的跨边界的资源共享的虚拟框架。对网格环境进行了分析,讨论了网格对信任管理的需求。在分析各种信任模型不足的基础上,基于网格具体的应用环境,并结合以PGP用户为中心的信任模型和SPKI授权证书机制各自的优势,提出了复合模式的网格信任授权模型,并完整设计了整个模型的可实现框架。     

支持属性委托模型中委托撤销研究

支持属性的委托模型(ABDM)中,受托者必须同时满足委托先决条件(CR)和委托属性表达式(DAE)才能获得委托权限或角色.在该模型中,委托撤销完成将委托出去的权限收回到委托者处的工作.首先介绍了ABDM提出的两种新的撤销模式及其带来的多步委托中委托与撤销的优先级问题.然后详细讨论了委托与撤销的关系,对两种解决办法:"先来先响应"和"先撤销后委托"进行了分析,提出了两种方法的适应场合.     

基于欧拉图的授权扩散拓扑构建与授权撤销

在分散式自主授权模式中,接受授权的用户可以将转授给他的权限再次转授给其他人,经过多步转授的权限扩散与不完全的委托撤销可能导致隐性授权冲突.在以往的授权模型中,模型设计的重点在于如何授权,而对于授权撤销考虑甚少.由于转授权路径生成的随意性,增加了遍历路径完成授权回收的难度.针对授权路径的生成和转授权回收进行研究,引入欧拉图对授权路径构建进行约束,在此基础上给出了授权路径构建算法与转授权路径遍历回收方法,通过有目的的授权路径构建,简化转授权路径遍历过程,解决转授权路径遍历不完全导致的授权撤销不完整问题,防止权限扩散并消除隐性授权冲突.     

Delegation in role-based access control

User delegation is a mechanism for assigning access rights available to one user to another user. A delegation can either be a grant or transfer operation. Existing work on delegation in the context of role-based access control models has extensively studied grant delegations, but transfer delegations have largely been ignored. This is largely because enforcing transfer delegation policies is more complex than grant delegation policies. This paper, primarily, studies transfer delegations for role-based access control models. We also include grant delegations in our model for completeness. We present various mechanisms that authorize delegations in our model. In particular, we show that the use of administrative scope for authorizing delegations is more efficient than using relations. We also discuss the enforcement and revocation of delegations. Finally, we study delegation in the context of workflow systems. In particular, we demonstrate the application of the administrative scope and administrative domain concepts to control delegation of tasks in worklist-based workflow systems.     

具有安全审计功能的RBAC委托模型

针对访问控制中委托在安全性和功能性上的不足,通过对比分析RBAC委托模型的特点,结合安全审计概念提出了具有安全审计功能的RBAC委托模型,并给出了形式化的定义和描述。该模型定义了委托的限制条件和传递约束来体现委托的特性,利用审计记录集合实现了委托、撤销和会话授权的过程,通过审计监控和规则事件响应完善了安全审计功能,使委托授权具有自主性和可变性的特点。在管理信息系统的应用和实践表明,该模型是一种安全易管理的委托授权机制,能适应多种委托策略。     

基于角色的代理统一模型

基于角色的代理是当前访问控制领域研究的核心问题之一。文章提出一种基于角色的用户-用户代理和角色-角色代理统一模型IRBDM,讨论了IRBDM模型的基本思想、体系结构、多步代理及代理撤消策略,它可在网络、工作流管理系统中广泛应用。     

P2P环境下基于信任度的可控委托信任管理模型

结合基于角色的访问控制和信任管理各自的优势,提出一个适用于开放式环境的基于信任度的可控委托授权模型,实现对角色中包含的本地和继承权限的委托控制。提出了为本地策略中的角色分配信任度阈值的方法,为角色授权增加信任度的考虑,给出在这种扩展后的信任管理系统中计算实体信任度的算法,并结合具体实例对模型的使用进行了说明。     

基于SPKI的分布式委派凭证存储框架

信任管理(TM)是面向开放多域环境的分布式授权技术。TM系统从网络中搜索委派凭证以进行分布式授权决策,面临效率和可用性问题。本文提出一种基于SPKI的分布式凭证存储框架,将委派凭证冗余地存储到相关实体,以避免委派凭证的动态搜索过程,有助于解决现有TM系统凭证管理的局限性。     

AAnA: Anonymous authentication and authorization based on short traceable signatures

Due to the privacy concerns prevailing in today’s computing environments, users are more likely to require anonymity or at least pseudonyms; on the other hand, they must be traceable or revokable in case of abuse. Meanwhile, an authorization mechanism that controls access rights of users to services or resources is frequently needed in various real-world applications but does not favor anonymity. To cope with these problems, we explore an anonymous authentication and authorization method that very efficiently supports fine-grained authorization services without losing strong but traceable anonymity. The efficiency of our method comes from atomizing authorization within a group and issuing multiple authorization values for a group membership. The cryptographic basis of our method is the famous short traceable signature scheme. Our method allows a user to selectively disclose authorization according to need and also provides revocation and update of authorization without revoking membership or anonymity. To prevent users from forging authorization, our method enables the users to prove their authorizations while hiding the corresponding authorization values from other users. We formally analyze security and compare the related methods in terms of efficiency and functionality. We show that our method is secure against misidentification, anonymity-break and framing attacks and is efficient within a reasonable bound while still providing various functionalities such as fine-grained authorization and authorization revocation, commonly required in many practical applications.     

细粒度的基于信任度的可控委托授权模型

综合基于角色的访问控制和信任管理各自的优势,提出了一个适用于开放式环境的细粒度可控委托授权模型--FCDAM(fine-grained controllable delegation authorization model),基于信任度实现了对角色中具有不同敏感度的权限传播控制.提出了为本地策略中的权限分配信任度阈值的方法,为RT₀添加了信任度支持,给出了在这种扩展后的信任管理系统中计算实体信任度的算法,并结合具体实例对模型的使用进行了说明.     

Towards secure information sharing using role-based delegation

As computing becomes more pervasive, information sharing occurs in broad, highly dynamic network-based environments. Such pervasive computing environments pose a difficult challenge in formally accessing the resources. The digital information generally represents sensitive and confidential information that organizations must protect and allow only authorized personnel to access and manipulate them. As organizations implement information strategies that call for sharing access to resources in the networked environment, mechanisms must be provided to protect the resources from adversaries. In this paper, we seek to address the issue of how to advocate selective information sharing while minimizing the risks of unauthorized access. We integrate a role-based delegation framework to propose a system architecture. We also demonstrate the feasibility of our framework through a proof-of-concept implementation.