不同接线方式下介质阻挡放电的电气特性

为了研究不同接线方式对介质阻挡放电(DBD)电气特性的影响,降低表面放电等离子体的能耗,设计了一种新型微等离子体发生器,并对其在3种不同接线方式下的放电特性(包括Lissajous图形,放电功率、放电传输电荷、气隙电压等参数)进行了测量和比较.结果表明:有一个正面电极悬浮时,放电传输电荷和功率是两极接线方式下的一半,有效减少了放电能耗,并且此方式不等同于增大电极间距;背面电极悬浮时,起始放电电压和放电气隙电压都较高,但是放电传输电荷和放电功率均较小.     

低温等离子体灭活核糖核酸酶研究

该文主要探讨了低温等离子体技术在核糖核酸酶灭活方面的应用,分析了作用气体类型和等 离子体发生器结构对酶灭活性能的影响。实验结果表明,低温等离子体能够有效地灭活核糖核酸酶, 混有氧气或水汽的作用气体能够明显提高对酶的灭活能力,且悬浮式电极介质阻挡放电装置的灭活效 果优于表面介质阻挡放电装置。     

基于低温等离子体的流动控制数值仿真研究

对于空气的流动控制问题,由于飞机在飞行中阻力较大,采用表面放电低温等离子体是较为有效的控制方法.采用格子玻尔兹曼模型对连续放置的两组等离子体发生器对边界层流动控制进行数值仿真.得到了壁面附近空气的速度分布.将等离子体发生器布置于NACA0015翼型表面,通过藕合计算得到的驱动速度,得到了等离子体作用前后翼型表面的流场分布以及升力系数、阻力系数曲线.数值仿真结果与实验结果较为吻合,等离子体可以有效的对翼型表面边界层进行控制,增加升力,降低阻力.     

基于半导体开关和脉冲变压器的高压脉冲电路的 过电压抑制

脉冲变压器具有升压比高、可靠性好、体积小、价格低等优点,被广泛用于高压脉冲电路。 然而,受到漏感影响,会产生过电压,不仅增大了损耗,还可能导致开关过电压击穿。该文分析了 过电压的产生机理,比较了常规过电压抑制措施的效果及其缺陷,提出一种新的过电压抑制电路, 给出了新电路的拓扑结构、工作原理和电路参数选择依据,并通过建模仿真验证了新过电压抑制电 路的效果。最后,采用这种过电压抑制电路,研制了一台紧凑重频高压脉冲发生器,可以产生幅值 11 kV、频率 2 kHz、脉宽 2 μs 的脉冲,并用于驱动悬浮电极介质阻挡放电负载,能够稳定产生低温 等离子体。     

水下等离子体放电的电磁辐射脉冲测量方法

水下等离子体声源应用越来越广泛,但其电磁辐射脉冲测量却是一个空白和难点;分析了水下等离子体声源的工作特性,论证了电磁辐射脉冲测量设备,根据国家标准及电磁场辐射理论制定了测量方案,建立了水下等离子体声源电磁辐射脉冲测量系统;结合水下等离子体放电实验,对辐射电场和磁场进行了实时测量,并利用Matlab软件对测量数据进行了分析处理,研究了水下等离子体声源电磁辐射脉冲的时域频域特性。测量结果显示,在10μF/16kV电弧放电条件下,触发脉冲辐射的电场强度为45dBV/m、磁场强度为-112dBA/m,放电脉冲辐射的电场强度为35dBV/m、磁场强度为-98dBA/m。与国家标准规定的限值比较,辐射脉冲还未超过限值。     

COB封装中热－机械耦合效应的研究*

COB(Chip on Board)是微电子和MEMS中常用的封装工艺之一,但该封装结构中由于多层异质材料耦合引入的热失配将对器件的性能和可靠性产生重要影响.建立了适于求解结构表面热变形分布的理论模型,利用数字散斑相关方法对COB封装在热载荷下的表面热变形分布进行实验测量,并比较了不同封装配置对结构热变形的影响.利用实验结果和有限元模拟验证了理论模型,并讨论了该模型在封装-器件协同设计中的指导意义.     

矿用高压电缆绝缘中气隙缺陷处电场分布及影响因素分析

为了全面掌握电缆绝缘中气隙缺陷处电场分布的影响因素及规律,以矿用高压XLPE电缆为研究对象,利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了包含气隙缺陷的电缆结构模型;在对绝缘中气隙的形状、尺寸与电场强度的关系进行理论分析的基础上,仿真研究了气隙的形状、尺寸、位置及绝缘层厚度对气隙中电场分布规律的影响。结果表明,4种不同形状的气隙中,椭圆柱体气隙缺陷处的电场强度最大,且垂直于绝缘中电场方向的气隙长度越大,气隙中电场强度越大;对于气隙尺寸,r值越大,气隙处电场强度越大,而气隙大小的变化对气隙处电场强度的影响并不大;对于不同半径的气隙,随着气隙距离导体屏蔽层距离的增大,气隙处最大电场强度均先增大后减小;对于给定尺寸的气隙,随着绝缘层厚度的减小,气隙中电场强度与绝缘中电场强度均相应增大。这些结论为气隙缺陷局部放电等相关研究奠定了基础,同时也为电缆的运行与维护检修提供了技术指导。     

一种仿生感觉毛气流传感器

模仿昆虫感觉毛的结构,设计制备了表面对称电极含金属芯PVDF气流传感器SMPF(Symmetric Metal core PVDF Fiber).利用自制的拉制纤维设备,制备了SMPF胚体.在表面涂镀对称电极后,经过高温极化、电极封装等工艺后,成功制备了SMPF气流传感器.基于第1类压电方程和流体力学理论,建立了悬臂梁结构的SMPF气流传感模型,分析了传感器输出信号与纤维长度、气流速度以及气流作用方向之间的关系.将悬臂梁结构的SMPF安置在气流流场中,进行冲击气流测试实验.实验结果表明,SMPF气流传感器的输出信号与纤维长度成非线性关系,与气流速度成平方关系,与气流作用方向成"8"字形关系.实验结果验证了理论模型,表明SMPF传感器能够感知气流的速度和作用方向,具有较广泛的工程应用前景.     

海水淡化双级真空引射器的射流和混合特性研究

引射器是实现热法海水淡化系统高效节能的重要装置,该文通过三维数值模拟方法研究了双级引射器内部流动和传输特性,分析了引射和工作流体的混合与扩散过程,探讨了降低能耗的方法.研究结果表明,喷射器内速度最大值均在轴线处,流体在喷嘴与混合室内流线均匀,而在吸入室内产生一个或多个涡流.不同引射流体速度下,其混动迹线为不对称分布,随...     

新型辉光放电装置设计与关键参数研究

基于针-网放电结构,设计了一种新型的辉光放电装置,并研究了放电针数量、针间距、放电间距和载气流速等因素对放电稳定性、起辉电压、放电功率及放电能量密度的影响.实验表明:载气流可带走放电产生的不均匀热量,使得放电更加稳定;电极间距越小,起辉电压越低,越容易向火花放电过渡;针间距越大,单针的放电功率也越大.放电能量密度不仅受针间距的影响,还受到放电针数量的影响.     

Microfabrication of a spherically curved liquid crystal display enabling the integration in a smart contact lens

A spherically curved liquid crystal display based on a guest-host liquid crystal configuration is fabricated. An asymmetric display design is introduced: two flexible display substrates with varying surface area are used, allowing for compact integration of powering and driving electronics. A matrix of spacer structures composed of photosensitive adhesive and defined by photolithography, simultaneously provides the uniform cell gap while acting as glue between both display substrates. Using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as transparent, conductive electrode layer and obliquely evaporated SiO₂ as alignment layer, a functional single-pixel display was fabricated. The display can be embedded in a smart contact lens, thereby enabling applications within the emerging biomedical field. An artificial iris, for example, could be designed to help people suffering from iris deficiencies that involve hypersensitivity to light.     

Experimental verification of an out-of-plane repulsive-force electrostatic actuator using a macroscopic mechanism

A macroscopic mechanism is developed to verify a repulsive-force electrostatic actuator, which consists of an array of fixed finger electrodes and an array of moving finger electrodes. The actuator is able to generate an asymmetric electric field surrounding the top and bottom surfaces of each moving finger electrode to push the moving finger up and away from the fixed fingers. The macroscopic mechanism consists of a macro repulsive force actuator, a high voltage power supply, a z-stage, a high precision balance and a LCR meter. The force and capacitance characteristic curves of the actuator are obtained using the macro mechanism. The 3-stage force (repulsive, zero and attractive forces) of the actuator is verified, as well as the effects of the moving finger width on the actuator’s performance. Experimental tests show that the macro repulsive-force actuator can generate a repulsive force of 3,000 μN with a maximum gap of 9.5 mm for generating a repulsive force.     

Performance optimization of current focusing and virtual electrode strategies in retinal implants

The electrode configuration in an implanted visual prosthesis array affects the spatial electric field distribution within the retina, contributing to current focusing and virtual electrode (VE) stimulation strategies. In this paper, a finite element model incorporating various electrode configurations was used to study the interaction between electrode size and electrode-to-cell distance in current focusing and VE stimulation paradigms. The electrode array unit comprises an active electrode, six flanking return electrodes and a distant monopolar return. A quasi-monopolar (QMP) fraction is defined as the proportion of current which can be preferentially returned through the distant return, in comparison with the more adjacent flanking electrodes. The simulation results indicate that current focusing and VE strategies can be optimized by tuning the QMP fraction. The QMP fraction is adjusted to optimize the electric field spread based on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density in the degenerate retina, thereby offsetting the effect of inhomogeneous distribution of surviving RGCs and leading to a uniform stimulation paradigm across electrodes. Importantly, there is negligible difference in functional performance across electrode configurations for distances less than the electrode diameter, implying that the stimulation mode does not significantly affect activation threshold or activated retinal area for electrode diameters greater than the retinal thickness. Furthermore, the QMP fraction has a significant effect on VE performance, defined by activation threshold and activated retinal area, when threshold current is evenly divided between two adjacent active electrodes.     

New electrode structure for reducing power consumption of PDPs

Abstract— A new electrode structure for plasma‐display panels (PDPs) is proposed, which decreases the panel capacitance by effectively decreasing the electrode area and increasing the discharge efficacy. Although the electrode area is decreased, the proposed structure does not require an increase in operating voltage and can improve the discharge efficacy by limiting the discharge current. The effect of panel capacitance reduction of the suggested electrode structure contributes to power‐consumption reduction in the entire PDP system by reducing the dissipative power due to the charging current of the panel capacitance. The effects of panel‐capacitance reduction by using the new electrode structure were confirmed by comparing the charging‐current waveforms and directly measuring the capacitances of various panels with conventional and new electrode structures.     

Deflection of coupled elasticity–electrostatic bimorph PVDF material: theoretical,FEM and experimental verification

Piezoelectric materials have wide applications in the field of mechanical, aerospace and civil engineering because of its voltage dependent actuation. Piezoelectric material goes through voltage generation whenever deflection is induced in it and vice versa. Piezoelectric bimorph beam has been widely used for sensing and actuating. In the actuation mode, an electric field is applied across the beam thickness, one layer contracts while the other expands. This results in the bending of the entire structure and tip deflection. In the sensing mode, the bimorph is used to measure an external load by monitoring the piezoelectric induced electrode voltages. In this research work, a 2D bimorph piezoelectric actuator model having two layers made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) material was developed to examine the inverse piezoelectric effect. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out on specially designed actuator model by using MATLAB Partial Differential Equation (PDE) Toolbox™. Theoretical analysis has been carried out to measure the tip deflection under applied electric field. The laboratory test was performed to investigate the deformation behavior of piezoelectric actuator. It is observed that, more the electric field applied, more the material would be deformed in a particular direction. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical results.

     

Low-voltage electroosmotic pumping using porous anodic alumina membranes

This study demonstrated electroosmotic pumping with high flow rate per unit area at a rather low applied voltage by using alumina nano-porous membrane. The platinum mesh electrode is perpendicular to, and has direct contact with the nano-channel inlet for proving uniform electric field and for reducing the electric voltage drop in the reservoir. The measured flow rate versus electrolyte (KCl) concentration reveals two distinct characteristics. First, the flow rate is usually high at low concentrations (10⁻⁵ to 10⁻⁷ M) in which a maximum value occurs. Second, a remarkable drop of flow rate is seen when the concentration surpasses 10⁻⁴ M. The maximum flow rate achieved from this study is 0.09 mL/min V cm² and the energy transfer efficiency is 0.43% at an operation voltage of 20 V. The mesh electrodes with 33 wire spacing are capable of providing an uniform electric field, the nano-porous membrane with a low electrolyte concentration provides the environment for strong overlapping of electric double layer, in association with the thin alumina membrane, leading to a high flow rate at a rather low applied voltage (20–80 V). The flow rate is comparable to the existing results whereas the corresponding operation voltage of this study is about one to two orders lower than most of the existing results.     

超高压输电线地面电场的测量、计算及分析

利用电磁辐射分析仪PMM8053B与工频电磁场探头EHP-50C对某地区500 kV超高压输电线路的电场强度进行了实际测量;应用等效电荷法对该地区空旷地带的电场强度进行了模拟计算。通过Matlab软件对比计算结果与实测结果后得出,采用等效电荷法计算电场强度所得结果与实测数据基本一致;建筑物中以及树林下的电场强度远小于空旷地带。     

Droplet transport through dielectrophoretic actuation using line electrode

We explore a novel transverse line electrode configuration for droplet transport through dielectrophoretic actuation with potential lab-on-chip applications. Using a lumped electromechanical model, we show a weak dependence of DEP actuation force on electrode spacing in this configuration. The configuration successfully triggers translational drop motion with minimal changes in contact angle at considerably low voltages. Two sessile, deionized water drops placed horizontally apart on a indium-tin–oxide-coated glass with additional coatings of polydimethylsiloxane, and a thin layer of Teflon is merged by applying an AC field (88 V_rms at 150 kHz) through a common horizontal wire electrode. A lateral motion of two drops is induced along the horizontal electrode, eventually leading to coalescence. The drop motion is unique compared to electrowetting in its near-constant dynamic contact angle, and irreversibility on withdrawal of electric field. The effect of frequency on the drop behavior is examined through a parametric study on single drops within the range of 2–200 kHz. It is interesting to observe a switch-over from DEP behavior at high frequency to EWOD behavior at low frequency around a critical frequency (Jones in Langmuir 18:4437–4443, 2002).     

Optimization of piezoelectric bimorph actuators with active damping for static and dynamic loads

The paper considers optimal design problems in the context of active damping. More specifically, we are interested in controlling the tip-deflection of a cantilever beam subjected to static and time-harmonic loading on its free extreme. First, the thickness profile of a piezoelectric bimorph actuator is optimized and second, the width profile. In the thickness study, formulation and results depend on whether the electric field or the applied voltage is kept constant. For the latter case we propose a differentiable model that connects electric field and piezo-actuator thickness to include electric field breakdown. Results are presented for both design variable cases, for static as well as for dynamic excitation for single frequency and frequency intervals. The major part of this research was performed while A. Donoso was a visiting researcher at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark.     

On the effect of self-penalization of piezoelectric composites in topology optimization

We investigate the occurrence of self-penalization in topology optimization problems for piezoceramic-mechanical composites. Our main goal is to give physical interpretations for this phenomenon, i.e., to study the question why for various problems intermediate material values are not optimal in the absence of explicit penalization of the pseudo densities. In order to investigate this effect numerical experiments for several static and/or dynamic actuator and sensor objective functions are performed and their respective results are compared. The objective functions are mean transduction, displacement, sound power, electric potential, electric energy, energy conversion and electric power.