Mg-3Y合金大应变量轧制过程中的孪生辅助动态再结晶及组织演变

采用预挤压加单道次大应变量热轧制的方法制备了Mg-3Y（质量分数,%）合金板材。并研究了大应变量轧制过程中不同孪晶类型对合金动态再结晶（DRX）及组织演变的影响。结果表明,在挤压比为8:1的预挤压过程中,合金内部发生了几乎完全的动态再结晶。而在接下来的大应变量热轧制过程中,孪生变形尤其是■压缩孪晶及■双孪晶在协调合金的塑性应变中发挥了重要作用。此外,大量动态再结晶在压缩孪晶及双孪晶内部发生,并扩展到非孪晶区域,有效缓解了轧制过程中的内应力集中。上述2个过程对提高合金在大应变量轧制中的成形性均起到了促进作用。     

Enhanced mechanical properties and formability of hot-rolled Mg–Zn–Mn alloy by Ca and Sm alloying

In order to broaden the application of wrought Mg alloy sheets in the automotive industry, the influence of Ca and Sm alloying on the texture evolution, mechanical properties, and formability of a hot-rolled Mg–2Zn–0.2Mn alloy was investigated by OM, XRD, SEM, EBSD, tensile tests, and Erichsen test. The results showed that the average grain size and basal texture intensity of Mg–2Zn–0.2Mn alloys were remarkably decreased after Ca and Sm additions. 0.64 wt.% Ca or 0.48 wt.% Sm addition significantly increased the tensile strength, ductility and formability. Moreover, the synergetic addition of Sm and Ca improved the ductility and formability of Mg–2Zn–0.2Mn alloy, which was due to the change of Ca distribution and further reduction of the size of Ca-containing particles by Sm addition. The results provided a possibility of replacing RE elements with Ca and Sm in Mg alloys which bring about outstanding mechanical properties and formability.     

Excellent room-temperature ductility and formability of rolled Mg-Gd-Zn alloy sheets

In order to develop new magnesium alloy sheets with high formability at room temperature, the microstructure, texture, ductility, and stretch formability of rolled Mg-2%Gd-1%Zn and Mg-3%Gd-1%Zn sheets were investigated. The microstructures of these rolled sheets consist of fine recrystallized grains with a large amount of homogeneously distributed tiny particles in the matrix. The basal plane texture intensity is quite low and the basal pole is tilted by about 30° from the normal direction toward both the rolling direction and the transverse direction. The sheets exhibit an excellent ultimate elongation of ∼50% and a uniform elongation greater than 30%, and the Erichsen values reach ∼8 at room temperature. The flow curves of the two Mg-Gd-Zn alloys sheets display a remarkable linear hardening after an obvious yield point. The majority of the grains in the tilted texture have an orientation favorable for both basal slip and tensile twinning because of a high Schmid factor. The excellent stretch formability at room temperature can be attributed to the non-basal texture and low texture intensity, which led to the following characteristics: a lower 0.2% proof stress, a larger uniform elongation, a smaller Lankford value and a larger strain hardening exponent.     

微观组织对镁合金FSW焊缝应变硬化行为的影响

采用传统搅拌摩擦焊和冷源辅助搅拌摩擦焊对3 mm厚的AZ31B镁合金进行焊接. 利用电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜和静拉伸试验研究焊缝区的微观组织对力学性能的影响. 结果表明,液态二氧化碳不仅降低焊接峰值温度,还提高焊后冷却速度. 焊缝峰值温度的降低为激活{10-12}孪生行为创造了有利条件. {10-12}孪晶可降低基面织构的强度,也可进一步分割晶粒,起到细化晶粒的作用. 焊后冷却速度的提高使焊接过程中产生的大量位错保留在晶粒内部. 因此冷源辅助搅拌摩擦焊缝表现为具有大量{10-12}孪晶和位错的细晶结构. 在拉伸过程中,细晶强化和位错强化为主要强化机制. 孪晶界面可有效吸收和分解变形时产生的位错,从而协调应变和减小应力集中,使焊缝具有合理的应变硬化行为和强塑性匹配.     

Shear bands in magnesium alloy AZ31

During deformation of magnesium at low temperatures, cracks always develop at shear bands. The origin of the shear bands is the { 1011 } twinning in basal-oriented grains and the mobility of this type of twin boundary is rather low. The most frequent deformation mechanisms in magnesium at low temperature are basal slip and { 1012 } twinning, all leading to the basal texture and therefore the formation of shear bands with subsequent fracture. The investigation on the influences of initial textures and grain sizes reveals that a strong prismatic initial texture of (0001) parallels to TD and fine grains of less than 5 8m can restrict the formation and expansion of shear bands effectively and therefore improve the mechanical properties and formability of magnesium.     

Microstructural Evolution and Biodegradation Response of Mg-2Zn-0.SNd Alloy During Tensile and Compressive Deformation

The effect of deformation behavior on the in vitro corrosion rate of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy was investigated experimentally after uniaxial tensile and compressive stress.The microstructure and texture were characterized using electron backscattered diffraction and X-ray diffraction,while potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests were used to investigate the cor-rosion response after deformation.The result reveals that applied compressive stress has more dominant effect on the corro-sion rate of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy as compared to tensile stress.Both tensile and compressive strains introduce dislocation slip and deformation twins in the alloy,thereby accelerating the corrosion rate due to the increased stress corrosion related to dislocation slips and deformation twins.The { 10(1)2} tension twinning and prismatic slip were the major contributors to tensile deformation while basal slip,and { 10(1)2} tension twin were obtainable during compressive deformation.The twinning activity after deformation increases with the plastic strain and this correlates with the degradation rate.     

Tailoring Texture to Highly Strengthen AZ31 Alloy Plate in the Thickness Direction via Pre-tension and Rolling-Annealing

Conventional wrought Mg alloys, such as AZ31 and ZK60 rolled plates, usually exhibit significantly low tensile yield strength in the thickness direction. This can be attributed to the high activity of {10-12} tension twinning due to the strong basal texture (< 0001 > //ND, normal direction). In this work, the tensile yield strength in the ND of the as-rolled (AR) AZ31 plate increased from 50 to 150 MPa (increased by 200%) via simple processing, i.e., pre-tension and rolling-annealing (PTRA) treatment. The strong basal texture (< 0001 > //ND) of the AR plate was changed into a weakened fiber texture (< 0001 > ⊥ND). The evolution of microstructures during PTRA treatment and the activated deformation modes during uniaxial tension were studied quantitatively and statistically by the means of intergranular misorientation (IM) and in-grain misorientation axes (IGMA) analysis. The results indicate that various twin variants, as well as {10-12}-{10-12} secondary twins, were activated during pre-tension and rolling, and most residual matrix was consumed by twins after annealing. The dominated deformation modes in tension changed from {10-12} tension twinning (the AR sample) to prismatic slip (the PTRA sample) in the early tensile deformation. The underlying formation mechanism of the fiber texture and corresponding strengthening mechanism were discussed.     

Role of {10–12} twinning characteristics in the deformation behavior of a polycrystalline magnesium alloy

The active twin variants during {10–12} twinning of magnesium alloys were dependent on the strain path (i.e., compression perpendicular to the c-axis or tension parallel to the c-axis), and their section mechanism was governed by the Schmid law. The activation of specific twin variants depending on the strain path induced a significant difference in twinning characteristics, such as twin morphology, volume fraction of twins with strain, and twin texture, and consequently gave rise to a totally different effect on the deformation. The differences in the deformation characteristics (flow stress and strain hardening) between both strain paths are explained in relation to activation stresses for twinning and slips, activities of twinning and slips in the deformation, the Hall–Petch effect by twinning-induced grain size change, and twinning-induced change in activities of slips.     

织构与晶粒尺寸对AZ31镁合金薄板成形性能的影响

通过不同的轧制工艺,制备了4种具有不同晶粒尺寸和织构的镁合金板材;通过单向拉伸试验和室温埃克森试验,探讨了晶粒尺寸与织构对镁合金板材室温成形性能的影响。研究表明,晶粒细化虽然增强了板材的力学性能,但却不利于提高板材的胀形性能;基面织构减弱使板材沿厚向的变形能力提高,具有较好的胀形性能,但却造成板材屈服强度的降低。     

高周疲劳变形中二次孪晶与锥面位错之间的关系

采用金相显微镜(OM),扫描电镜(SEM),透射菊池衍射(TKD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征技术,研究了高周疲劳变形后的Mg-3Al-1Zn镁合金的典型断口组织特征,二次孪晶内部的横切面区域被提取出来进行TEM和TKD观察。结果显示断口边缘附近的区域有大量的{1012}{1012}二次孪晶,双束明场技术(TBBF)应用于研究二次孪晶边界的位错类型。研究发现锥面位错在{1012}-{1012}二次孪晶内部被大量的激活,这被认为锥面位错与二次孪晶有关联。二次孪晶内部的局部应力集中将导致锥面位错的形成。     

Microstructure and creep properties of Mg-4Al-2Sn-1 （Ca,Sr） alloys

The effects of Ca and Sr addition on the microstructure and creep properties of Mg-4Al-2Sn alloys were examined.Tensile tests at 25℃ and 200℃ and creep tests at 150℃ and 200℃ were carried out to estimate the room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties of these alloys.The microstructure of the Mg-4Al-2Sn alloy showed dendriticα-Mg,Mg17Al12 and Mg2Sn phases.The latter two phases precipitated along the grain boundaries.The addition of Ca and Sr resulted in the formation of ternary CaMgSn and SrMgSn phases within the grain.The grain size was reduced slightly with the addition of Sr and Ca.The tensile strength was decreased by the addition of Ca and Sr at room temperature.However,the high temperature tensile strength was increased.The creep strength was improved by the addition of Ca and Sr.     

Atomistic simulation of tension deformation behavior in magnesium single crystal

The deformation behavior in magnesium single crystal under c-axis tension is investigated in a temperature range between 250 K and 570 K by molecular dynamics simulations. At a low temperature, twinning and shear bands are found to be the main deformation mechanisms. In particular, the {1012} tension twins with the reorientation angle of about 90° are observed in the simulations. The mechanisms of {1012} twinning are illustrated by the simulated motion of atoms. Moreover, grain nucleation and growth are found to be accompanied with the {1012} twinning. At temperatures above 450 K, the twin frequency decreases with increasing temperature. The {1012} extension twin almost disappears at the temperature of 570 K. The non-basal slip plays an important role on the tensile deformation in magnesium single crystal at high temperatures.     

低温轧制纯锆的形变孪晶及织构演变

通过在77K温度下进行不同变形量的低温轧制实验,研究了具有强烈单轴织构的工业纯锆板材在低温轧制变形条件下的孪生行为及变形机理。采用扫描电镜（SEM）和电子背散射衍衬（EBSD）分析和表征了变形材料的微观组织和织构。结果表明,在沿C轴加载的低应变条件下{1022}〈1123〉压缩孪生是主要的变形机制,同时在{1022}〈1123〉压缩孪晶中产生了二次孪晶（{10}-2}〈10T1〉拉伸孪晶）以协调变形。施密特因子计算及孪晶分布的EBSD模拟结果表明,在低温变形条件下的孪生模式的选择是由施密特因子的数值大小决定的。探讨并解释了轧制过程中随着应变量增加由孪生所导致的织构演变。     

高纯钛压缩孪生行为研究

利用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术对高纯钛形变组织中同一个晶粒内部出现的{1122}和{1124}压缩孪生进行了研究。结果表明:{1124}孪晶总是伴随{1122}孪晶在同一晶粒中产生,在变形组织中没有发现单独存在的{1124}孪晶;这种极少出现的{1124}压缩孪晶主要由{1122}孪晶与传统晶界或{1122}孪生变体之间交互作用改变了局部应力状态而诱发的。在同一个晶粒中,由{1122}孪晶诱发的{1124}孪晶更倾向于同其中一个{1122}孪生变体具有相同的转轴。此外,根据晶体对称性及相同晶粒中{1122}和{1124}孪晶之间的取向关系,{1122}和{1124}孪晶之间可发生孪晶反应并形成4种不同类型的孪晶反应界面。     

基于原子尺度模拟研究HCP镁中的一次及二次孪生模式

通过分子动力学模拟（MD）,研究在HCP镁中的一个对称倾斜晶界与基面滑移的位错相互作用而激发的变形孪晶,也就是孪晶形核与长大的过程（或者是孪晶界迁移,TBM）。{1^-1^-21}孪晶在该过程中是最易被激发的孪生模式。一旦这样的孪晶形成了,它们就会不断长大。该种孪晶界迁移是由单纯的原子位置局域调整造成的。在模拟过程中同时也产生了二次孪晶{1^-1^-22}。该二次孪晶模型的孪晶形核与长大需要克服的能垒与{1^-1^-21}孪晶不同。同时,二次孪晶的孪晶界迁移过程是通过孪晶界上的锥形滑移而激发的。     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Extruded Mg–Zn–Ag Alloys with Single-Phase Structure

Mg–Zn–Ag alloys have been extensively studied in recent years for potential biodegradable implants due to their unique mechanical properties,biodegradability and biocompatibility.In the present study,Mg–3Zn-x Ag(wt%,x=0.2,0.5 and0.8)alloys with single-phase crystal structure were prepared by backward extrusion at 340°C.The addition of Ag element into Mg–3Zn slightly influences the ultimate tensile strength and microstructure,but the elongation firstly increases from12%to 19.8%and then decreases from 19.8%to 9.9%with the increment of Ag concentration.The tensile yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy reach up to 142,234 MPa and 19.8%,respectively,which are the best mechanical performance of Mg–Zn–Ag alloys in the present work.The extruded Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy also possesses the best corrosion behavior with the corresponding corrosion rate of 3.2 mm/year in immersion test,which could be explained by the single-phase and uniformly distributed grain structure,and the fewer twinning.     

Ti-2Al-2.5Zr单道次皮尔格轧制过程中显微组织和织构的演化

研究了单道次皮尔格轧制过程中Ti-2Al-2.5Zr材料的变形行为和织构的演变规律。结果表明,在轧制过程中,｛102｝孪晶和柱面滑移是最容易被激活的2种变形模式,｛102｝孪晶的产生使得晶粒在轴向上的位向从<100>转向<110>。并且,在不同瞬时Q值和等效应变量下,滑移和孪生导致｛0001｝极图中最大极密度点在切向上发生变化。     

不同Gd含量对变形Mg-Zn-Gd合金织构和室温成形性能的影响

采用气氛保护加机械搅拌方法熔炼Mg-xZn-Ca-yHA (x=1,3,5;y=0,1,3,5)系列合金及其复合材料.通过金相显微镜(OM)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)观察其铸态微观组织;X-射线衍射仪(XRD)分析物相组成;电化学和体外浸泡实验测试挤压态复合材料的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明,纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)颗粒可添加至Mg-Zn-Ca合金中,并在冶炼温度下脱水,转变成为了β-Ca3(PO4)2,同时显著细化基体合金的晶粒.其中,添加质量分数1％HA的复合材料具有最好的耐腐蚀性能.Mg-3Zn-Ca/1HA复合材料的腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流密度和腐蚀速率分别为-1.582 V,1.47μA/cm和14.19 mm/a,明显优于Mg-3Zn-Ca合金的-1.662 V,2.22μA/cm和21.28 mm/a.而添加3％HA的Mg-3Zn-Ca-3HA复合材料由于HA在基体中的部分团聚导致其耐腐蚀性能较Mg-3Zn-Ca合金有所下降.     

\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\} twinning behavior in magnesium single crystal

In order to investigate $\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ tensile twinning behavior, the magnesium single crystal was deformed by compressing along the $\left[ {2\bar 1 \bar 10} \right]$ direction at room temperature, as $\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ tensile twinning easily takes place when the compression direction is perpendicular to the c-axis. Numerous $\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ primary tensile twins were activated during deformation, and the Schmid factor (SF) criterion was applied to the six $\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ twin variants. The analysis shows that the majority of the $\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ primary twins belong to high SF variants, and high SF twin boundaries provided nucleation sites for low SF variants. The $\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ secondary tensile twins were formed inside the high SF of wide $\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ primary twin bands, and the basal plane of the $\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ secondary twin was tilted about 60° with respect to the original parent matrix. In the case of the $\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ secondary tensile twin, relatively low SF variants were activated while counterparts with higher SF variants were absent.     

往复挤压Mg-Al-Si合金的高温拉伸性能

利用往复挤压(RE-n,n为挤压道次)制备Mg-4Al-2Si(AS42)、Mg-4Al-4Si(AS44)和Mg-6Al-6Si(AS66)合金,并在150℃和1.33×10-3s-1的初始应变速率下测试合金的拉伸性能。结果表明:RE-8-AS42合金晶粒尺寸为2.1μm,Mg2Si颗粒尺寸为1.3μm;RE-4-AS42合金晶粒尺寸为4.8μm,组织中含有2～20μm的大块Mg2Si颗粒;RE-AS44和RE-AS66合金晶粒尺寸约为11μm,组织中存在>20μm的Mg2Si颗粒。合金拉伸强度随挤压道次增加而提高,RE-8-AS42合金性能最佳,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为250 MPa、197 MPa和62%,高的性能归因于细小的晶粒和阻碍晶界滑移的细小稳定Mg2Si颗粒。