Duplex-layered manganese phosphate conversion coating on AZ31 Mg alloy and its initial formation mechanism

A duplex-layered phosphate conversion coating was obtained on AZ31 Mg alloy by substituting NaF bath with a citric bath. The morphology, composition and corrosion resistance of the coating were investigated using SEM, EDS, SPM and electrochemical methods. A three-stage mechanism for initial formation of the coating was proposed: Dissolution of the loose oxide film and deposition of Mg₃(PO₄)₂ and AlPO₄, formation of a composite intermediate layer of Mg₃(PO₄)₂, AlPO₄ and Mg(OH)₂, and deposition of manganese phosphate nuclei followed by growth and lamination of the nuclei. The nuclei preferentially deposit at the Al–Mn phase surface and near the grain boundary.     

AZ31镁合金钕基转化膜研究

通过化学转化成膜在AZ31镁合金表面制备了钕基转化膜。利用称重实验和OCP测试研究了钕基转化膜的成膜过程,利用SEM,EDS和XPS分别研究了膜层形貌,微观结构和组成成分。研究了空白样品与镀膜样品在3.5 wt.% NaCl 溶液中浸泡不同时间后样品表面形貌和成分,结果表明钕基转化膜可以有效的降低AZ31镁合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率。利用XRD和电化学测试研究了经过后处理以后的钕基转化膜的成分和耐蚀性能,结果说明后处理可以进一步改善钕基转化膜的腐蚀性能。     

Chemical conversion coating on AZ31B magnesium alloy and its corrosion tendency

The morphology change of the magnesium matrix after pre-treatment and the mor-phology as well as the phase composition of chemical conversion coating formed by phosphate were studied using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion resistance of the coating was studied by salt spray and damp test, and the corrosion tendency during salt immersion test was analyzed. The results show that the phase composition before and after pre-treatment is almost change- less, and the deep microflaw appears between α and β phases during acidic pickling. The phosphate conversion coating is mainly composed of Mg, MgO, and some amor-phous phase, and it can provide a good protection for the AZ31B alloy. Results from corrosive morphology indicate that the growth and the corrosion resistance of the phosphate conversion coating are related to the forming process of the AZ31B matrix.     

Enhanced corrosion performance of magnesium phosphate conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

Magnesium phosphate conversion coating (MPCC) was fabricated on AZ31 magnesium alloy for corrosion protection by immersion treatment in a simple MPCC solution containing Mg²⁺ and PO^3?₄ ions. The MPCC on AZ31 Mg alloy showed micro-cracks structure and a uniform thickness with the thickness of about 2.5 µm after 20 min of phosphating treatment. The composition analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the coating consisted of magnesium phosphate and magnesium hydroxide/oxide compounds. The MPCC showed a significant protective effect on AZ31 Mg alloy. The corrosion current of MPCC was reduced to about 3% of that of the uncoated surface and the time for the deterioration process during immersion in 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution improved from about 10 min to about 24 h.     

Mono‐carboxylate conversion coatings for AZ31 Mg alloy protection

Conversion coatings on a magnesium alloy were obtained by dipping AZ31 specimens in aqueous solutions of sodium salts of mono‐carboxylic acids (stearic, palmitic, myristic, lauric, mono‐carboxylate ion concentration from 1 to 5 mM, depending on the salt solubility) for 24 and 72 h at room temperature, or 24 h at 50 °C. The influence exerted by the treatment time, bath temperature and alkyl chain length on the efficiency of these coatings was studied. The performances of the coatings were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curve recording after 1 h immersion in 0.05 M Na₂SO₄ solution, while their temporal evolution was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra during 24 h. Further and long lasting tests were carried out also in 0.1 M NaCl solution. The efficiency of the coatings depended on the aliphatic chain length, and increased as the treatment time and the bath temperature were increased. The coating of lower homologue only hindered the cathodic process, while those of the higher homologues markedly inhibited the anodic process too. The best performances were displayed by 24 h‐50°C stearic conversion coating, which maintained a very high efficiency for over 800 h immersion in 0.05 M sulphate solution.     

AZ31镁合金钼酸盐转化膜

利用钼酸盐溶液在AZ31镁合金表面获得棕黄色的转化膜。用扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对膜层的形貌和组分进行研究,采用动电位极化曲线测试对膜层的耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明：膜的微观形态由球形颗粒构成,膜层厚度约12 μm,对镁合金的覆盖作用良好;转化膜表层中Mo元素主要以MoO3形式存在,在膜的内部钼主要以MoO2和MoO（OH）2存在,并含有部分MoO3;钼酸盐转化膜在阳极极化过程中发生明显的钝化,腐蚀电位正移683 mV,腐蚀电流密度降低2个数量级,明显提高AZ31镁合金的耐蚀性能。同时对镁合金表面钼酸盐转化膜的成膜机理进行初步探讨。     

Corrosion behavior of closed-cell AZ31 Mg alloy foam in NaCl aqueous solutions

Corrosion behavior of closed-cell AZ31 foam in different concentrations of NaCl solutions is investigated, using commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy as comparison. Mathematical models and expressions are established to calculate surface areas of the foams. Microstructure observation, hydrogen evolution and potentiodynamic polarization are applied to characterize the corrosion behaviors. Results show that foams possess higher corrosion resistance than commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy. In addition, the mathematical models and expressions are confirmed to be simple and effective in calculating surface areas (expose to corrosive medium) of closed-cell metal foams.     

AZ31镁合金的钎焊试验研究

本文采用Al-Si-Mg钎料和Cu箔对AZ31镁合金进行真空炉中钎焊试验。试验结果表明：AZ31镁合金的炉中钎焊可以得到冶金结合的钎缝,但钎缝区外围会出现严重的氧化溶蚀沟槽,钎缝内会出现不同程度的孔洞缺陷,其中用Cu箔作中间层的接触反应钎焊效果较好一些。     

Anticorrosive magnesium phosphate coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

A novel anticorrosive film with a thickness of approximately 50 μm was successfully coated on an AZ31 magnesium alloy by chemical and low-heat treatments (50 °C). The film was a single-phase system of newberyite (MgHPO₄•3H₂O) having an orthorhombic crystal structure. The corrosion current density of the newberyite film coated on the AZ31 magnesium alloy decreased by more than two orders of magnitude as compared to that of the AZ31 magnesium alloy. The static water contact angle of the newberyite film was less than 10°. The average value of the scratch critical load for the newberyite coating was estimated to be approximately 15 mN.     

Improvement of corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy by anodizing with co-precipitation of cerium oxide

Anodizing of AZ31 Mg alloy in NaOH solution by co-precipitation of cerium oxide was investigated. The chemical composition and phase structure of the coating film were determined via optical microscopy, SEM and XRD. The corrosion properties of the anodic film were characterized by using potentiodynamic polarization curves in 17 mmol/L NaCl and 0.1 mol/L Na₂SO₄ solution at 298 K. The corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy is significantly improved by adding cerium oxide to alkaline solution. In addition, the surface properties are enhanced and the film contains no crack.     

Superplasticity of fine-grained AZ31 Mg alloy sheets

Superplastic mechanical properties of fine-grained AZ31 Mg alloy sheets in the temperature range of 250 - 450 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.7 × 10-3- 1.4 × 10-1 s-1 were investigated by uniaxial tensile tests. The microstructure evolution during the superplastic deformation of AZ31 Mg alloy was examined by means of metallurgical microscope and transmission electronic microscope (TEM). It is shown that, fine-grained AZ31 Mg alloy starts to exhibit superplasticity at 300 ℃ and the maximum elongation of 362.5% is obtained at 400 ℃ and 0.7× 10-3 s-1.The predominate superplastic mechanism of AZ31 Mg alloy in the temperature range of 300 -400 ℃ is grain boundary sliding (GBS). Twinning caused by pile-up of dislocations during the early stage of superplastic deformation is the hardening mechanism, and dynamic continuous recrystallization (DCRX) is the important softening mechanism and grain stability mechanism during the superplastic deformation of the alloy.     

Organic-magnesium complex conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

An organic-magnesium complex conversion (OMCC) coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy was obtained by treating in a solution containing organic compounds. SEM, FESEM and XPS were used to examine the surface morphology, thickness and structure of the conversion coatings. The results show that the continuous and uniform conversion coating is deposited on AZ91D alloy and the main component of the coatings is organic compound containing benzene ring, which forms a chemical bond with magnesium. The polarization measurement and salt spray test show that the corrosion resistance of the conversion coating is much higher than that of traditional chromate conversion coating.     

AZ31镁合金表面碳钠铝石转化膜的性能(英文)

开发一种环境友好的方法合成碳钠铝石转化膜以提高AZ31镁合金的耐蚀性。该膜由两步法制得:首先将AZ31合金浸泡在一直通CO2气体的Al2(SO4)3溶液中,获得前躯体膜;随后将该前躯体膜浸泡在溶有Al的Na2CO3溶液中以获得碳钠铝石膜。通过环境扫描电镜观察转化膜的表面形貌,并利用EDS能谱和X射线衍射分析其化学成分。采用电化学和浸泡实验来评价该转化膜对AZ31合金的防护作用。结果表明:膜的表面存在网状裂痕,其成分主要为碳钠铝石NaAlCO3(OH)2、Al(OH)3和Al5(OH)13(CO3)·5H2O。该膜能提高Mg基体的自腐蚀电位,并减少其腐蚀电流密度。浸泡实验后,除了局部小区域有个别点蚀坑外,膜基本保持完整;而基体却腐蚀严重。说明碳钠铝石转化膜能很好地保护镁合金。     

Stannate and permanganate conversion coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy

The formation of stannate and permanganate–phosphate conversion coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated in situ by EIS measurements and their protective performances were studied by different electrochemical techniques in diluted (0.05 M) sodium sulphate solution.The influence that short or long treatment times exert on the performances of such conversion coatings is discussed. While permanganate–phosphate baths always built layers characterized by penetrating cracks, long stannate baths produced layers without interconnected porosity, but were defective. This accounted for the initial greater protectiveness achieved with the stannate treatment; nevertheless, the easy penetration of the electrolytic solution through such a layer quickly decreased its corrosion resistance.     

Preparation and characterization of Ca-P coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

A Ca-P coating consisting of biodegradableβ-tricalcium phosphate[β-TCP,β-Ca3(PO4)2]accepted for medical application was coated on a biodegradable AZ31 alloy by chemical deposition to improve the corrosion resistance.The good bonding strength of the coating is obtained.The results show that the corrosion potential of the Ca-P coated AZ31 alloy increases significantly,and MG63 cells show good adherence,proliferation and differentiation on the surface of the coated alloy.The Ca-P coating might be an effective way to improve the surface bioactivity of magnesium alloys.     

Effects of cerium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy

AZ31 alloy with Ce addition was studied. The influence of Ce contents on the microstructure and tensile properties of the alloy was analyzed. Ce addition results in the formation of AlzCe and the annealed microstructure is improved by the addition. There was no recrystallization of the alloy after rolling, however, it did occur after annealing. The alloy can be strengthened by adding Ce and the alloy with 1.05 wt.% Ce possessed the best synthetical properties of all the tested alloys. As rolled, σb and δof this alloy are 321 MPa and 6.9%, and as annealed, they are 259 MPa and 21.8%.     

Barium phosphate conversion coating on die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy

Poor corrosion resistance limits the application of magnesium alloys.Conversion coating is widely used to protect magnesium alloys because of easy operation and low cost.A novel conversion coating on die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy containing barium salts was studied.The optimum concentrations of Ba(NO_3)_2,Mn(NO_3)_2 and NH_4H_2PO_4 are 25 g/L,15 mL/L and 20 g/L,respectively,based on orthogonal test results.The treating time,solution temperature and pH value are settled to be 5-30 min, 50-70℃and 2.35-3.0...     

Corrosion behavior of pure Mg and AZ31 magnesium alloy

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - Purpose of this article is to study corrosion behavior of pure magnesium and AZ31 magnesium alloy in electrolyte containing different...     

AZ31B镁合金薄板TIG焊接

镁合金具有比重轻、比刚度和比强度高、阻尼减震性好以及易于机械加工等优点 ,在航空航天、汽车、摩托车等领域具有广阔的应用前景。但由于镁合金具有熔点低、线膨胀系数及导热系数高 ,导致镁合金在焊接过程中容易出现氧化燃烧、裂纹以及热影响区过宽等问题 ,难以获得与母材性能相匹配的焊接接头。本文对AZ31B镁合金薄板TIG焊工艺和提高镁合金焊接接头性能的有效途径进行了探索 ,为加快镁合金结构件的广泛应用提供理论基础和技术依据。1　焊接试验1.1　工艺准备本试验采用板厚为 1.6mm的AZ31B镁合金作为焊接材料 ,其化学成分见表 1,对变…     

Influence of deformation twinning on static annealing of AZ31 Mg alloy

The microstructure evolution during isothermal static annealing of magnesium alloy AZ31 was investigated to critically evaluate the contribution of extension and contraction twins to the recrystallized microstructure after room temperature deformation, and to establish the potential of these twins to alter the recrystallized texture. Contraction twins were observed to be potent sites for recrystallized nuclei having many favorable new orientations, while extension twins were not effective nucleation sites for recrystallization. Although recrystallization nucleated preferentially inside the contraction twins, producing a distribution of new orientations (far from the undesirable starting c-axis fiber texture), these new grains did not significantly influence the final texture. This was attributed to four factors: (1) unusually extensive recovery before the onset of recrystallization after c-axis compression in most grains; (2) incomplete recrystallization within grains most closely aligned with the starting fiber texture; (3) sluggish growth of grains nucleated in the compression twins; (4) grain boundaries becoming an active site for recrystallized nuclei with a majority containing orientations from the starting texture.