中等剪跨比RC剪力墙拉-弯-剪受力性能试验研究

为研究中等剪跨比钢筋混凝土(RC)剪力墙的拉-弯-剪受力性能，对4个RC剪力墙开展了在恒定轴拉力和往复水平力作用下的拟静力试验。RC墙剪跨比为1.5，尺寸和配筋均相同，仅轴拉力变化。结果表明：RC墙分别发生了剪切破坏、弯曲-剪切破坏和弯曲破坏；轴拉力致使RC墙的水平承载力降低，竖向钢筋平均拉应力比ns从0.20增大到0.80时，RC墙峰值荷载降低了约55%；中等剪跨比RC墙弯曲-剪切耦合效应明显，墙底部截面弯曲屈服后，塑性铰区的剪切变形也表现出显著的非线性；轴拉力和往复水平力作用下墙体发生显著的轴向伸长，引起墙体受剪承载力退化，竖向钢筋平均拉应力比ns=0.40的RC墙，其受力由弯曲机制向剪切机制转变，出现了弯曲-剪切破坏，基于转动角软化桁架模型和轴向伸长的实测数据，定量计算了该类墙体的受剪承载力退化，揭示了弯曲-剪切破坏机理。最后，验证了美国ACI 318—14和中国JGJ 3—2010中RC墙正截面拉弯承载力计算方法和公式的适用性。     

中等剪跨比RC剪力墙拉-弯-剪受力性能试验研究

为研究中等剪跨比钢筋混凝土(RC)剪力墙的拉-弯-剪受力性能,对4个RC剪力墙开展了在恒定轴拉力和往复水平力作用下的拟静力试验。RC墙剪跨比为1.5,尺寸和配筋均相同,仅轴拉力变化。结果表明：RC墙分别发生了剪切破坏、弯曲-剪切破坏和弯曲破坏;轴拉力致使RC墙的水平承载力降低,竖向钢筋平均拉应力比ns从0.20增大到0.80时,RC墙峰值荷载降低了约55%;中等剪跨比RC墙弯曲-剪切耦合效应明显,墙底部截面弯曲屈服后,塑性铰区的剪切变形也表现出显著的非线性;轴拉力和往复水平力作用下墙体发生显著的轴向伸长,引起墙体受剪承载力退化,竖向钢筋平均拉应力比ns=0.40的RC墙,其受力由弯曲机制向剪切机制转变,出现了弯曲-剪切破坏,基于转动角软化桁架模型和轴向伸长的实测数据,定量计算了该类墙体的受剪承载力退化,揭示了弯曲-剪切破坏机理。最后,验证了美国ACI 318—14和中国JGJ 3—2010中RC墙正截面拉弯承载力计算方法和公式的适用性。     

拉压变轴力下小剪跨比预应力混凝土墙往复受剪试验研究

为了研究预应力混凝土（PC）剪力墙的抗震性能,提出剪力墙在拉压变轴力作用下的水平往复加载试验加载制度,完成3片剪跨比为1.0的预应力混凝土墙在恒定轴拉力、恒定轴压力和拉压变轴力作用下的水平往复加载试验,研究其破坏模式、滞回性能、承载力、变形能力、刚度和残余裂缝宽度,并与型钢混凝土（SRC）墙和普通RC墙的抗震性能进行了对比。试验结果表明：恒定轴拉力试验中,预应力混凝土墙发生了腹板剪切破坏;恒定轴力试验中墙体发生了斜压破坏;拉压变轴力试验中,墙体在压剪方向加载时发生剪压破坏。拉压变轴力加载导致预应力混凝土墙拉剪和压剪承载力分别降低了18.7%和10.5%。预应力混凝土墙在恒定轴拉力和拉压变轴力作用下的极限位移角为1.2%~1.6%,变形能力大于JGJ 3—2010《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》规定的弹塑性位移角限值(1/100);恒定轴压力试验中水平峰值荷载超过了墙体截面受剪承载力限值,出现斜压破坏,极限位移角仅为0.6%。预应力混凝土墙试件与SRC墙试件的刚度、承载力和变形能力接近,前者的残余裂缝宽度小于后者的,表现出更好的震后可修复性。由于预应力有效抑制了墙体水平贯通裂缝的形成、防止出现沿水平裂面的滑移破坏,因此在较大轴拉力水平时预应力混凝土墙比普通RC墙的抗侧刚度和承载能力均显著提高。总体来看,预应力混凝土墙抗震性能优良,是一种改善高层建筑中受拉剪力墙抗震性能的有效手段。     

高轴压比钢骨混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为研究高轴压比钢骨混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能,完成了6片剪跨比为2.43、轴压比试验值为0.33~0.35的钢筋、钢骨和钢管混凝土剪力墙试件的往复水平力加载试验。试验表明:试件的纵筋和钢骨(钢管)受压屈服先于受拉屈服。试件的破坏形态为底部混凝土压碎剥落,约束边缘构件内的纵筋和钢骨(钢管)压曲,试件丧失竖向承载力。钢骨和钢管提高了试件的正截面承载力,且随位移增大试件能稳定地保持最大承载力。配置工字钢、槽钢和方钢管的试件的极限位移角为1/73~1/59,与钢筋混凝土试件基本相同;配置圆钢管的试件的极限位移角达1/44,墙端约束边缘构件配置圆钢管对提高高轴压比剪力墙的变形能力有显著作用。根据试验结果,提出了高轴压比钢骨混凝土剪力墙屈服、承载力极限状态和变形极限状态的截面应变、应力分布,建立了正截面承载力的计算式和顶点水平位移计算式,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。     

装配式复式钢管混凝土框架-梁端螺栓连接钢筋混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为促进复式钢管混凝土框架剪力墙结构的建筑工业化,提出一种可完全装配式建造的复式钢管混凝土框架-梁端螺栓连接钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构体系,体系中梁-柱节点、柱-柱拼接节点和框架与剪力墙连接均采用全螺栓装配式连接.为研究该体系的抗震性能,开展了三榀1∶2缩尺模型的低周往复荷载试验,研究了各模型的破坏特征、滞回性能、延性、抗侧刚...     

带竖缝钢筋混凝土剪力墙板的简化静力分析模型

带竖缝钢筋混凝土剪力墙板在弹性状态下有较大刚度,而在弹塑性状态下又有较好的延性,是一种抗震性能较好的结构单元。但由于缺少有效的分析模型,带竖缝钢筋混凝土剪力墙板在国内的工程应用很少。根据带竖缝钢筋混凝土剪力墙板的V-u曲线,按照侧向刚度相同的原则将之等效为偏心交叉支撑简化模型,并给出了简化模型的截面特性和材料本构关系曲线。通过算例统计分析给出了偏心距的取值范围及简化分析模型的适用范围。与更接近于实际墙板特性的等效带竖缝板模型的算例对比分析表明,在框架结构静力分析中采用简化模型模拟带竖缝钢筋混凝土剪力墙板是可行的。     

薄壁钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构的性能

延性等级较低的钢筋混凝土剪力墙会突然发生失效,并导致灾难性的破坏,因此建立一个精确的钢筋混凝土剪力墙模型是必要的。故用改进的可有效进行计算的纤维梁构件模拟薄壁钢筋混凝土剪力墙的性能。混凝土和钢筋作为两种独立的材料,组合在一起构成组合截面,用来描述钢筋混凝土的性能。将混凝土模型作为一种正交性材料,假设总应力的主方向与总应变主方向一致,因此在荷载过程中不断地改变方向。本构模型效仿软化膜模型(SSM),根据横向应变来减小混凝土压缩强度。该模型之后被用于一系列的数值研究中,从而评估几种参数对剪力墙非线性性能的影响。这些参数包括长宽比、横向钢筋配筋率、轴向力和混凝土抗压强度。最后得出了几个关于这种墙体系统整体性能和局部性能的重要结论。     

Modelling shear–flexure interaction in equivalent frame models of slender reinforced concrete walls

Quasi‐static cyclic tests on reinforced concrete (RC) walls have shown that shear deformations can constitute a significant ratio of the total deformations when the wall is loaded beyond the elastic regime. For slender RC walls that form a stable flexural mechanism, the ratio of shear to flexural deformations remains approximately constant over the entire range of imposed displacement ductilities. This paper proposes a method for incorporating shear‐flexure interaction effects in equivalent frame models of slender RC walls by coupling the shear force‐shear strain relationship to the curvature and axial strain in the member. The suggested methodology is incorporated in a finite element consisting of two interacting spread inelasticity sub‐elements representing flexural and shear response, respectively. The element is implemented in the general finite element code IDARC and validated against experimental results of RC cantilever walls. In a second step, it is applied in inelastic static and dynamic analyses of tall wall and wall‐frame systems. It is shown that ignoring shear‐flexure interaction may lead to erroneous predictions in particular of local ductility and storey drift demands. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Behavior of shear-dominant thin-walled RC structures

Reinforced concrete (RC) shear-dominant walls can fail suddenly at lower ductility levels, which can lead to catastrophic damage. Accurate modeling of shear-dominant RC walls is therefore essential. In this paper, fiber beam elements, which are proven to be computationally very efficient, were developed to model the behavior of thin-walled RC shear walls. Concrete and steel were considered as separate materials, and are combined at the section level to describe the behavior of the reinforced concrete member. Concrete was modeled as an orthotropic material in which the principal directions of total stresses were assumed to coincide with the principal directions of total strains, thus changing the directions continuously during the loading. The constitutive model follows the Softened Membrane Model (SMM) in which the compressive strength of concrete is reduced as a function of the lateral strain. The model was subsequently used to conduct a series of numerical studies to evaluate the effect of several parameters affecting the nonlinear behavior of the shear dominated wall. These parameters include the aspect ratio, the transverse reinforcement ratio, the axial force, and the concrete compressive strength. These studies resulted in several important conclusions regarding the global and local behavior of wall systems.     

用于钢筋混凝土连梁地震反应分析的考虑非线性剪切的纤维梁单元I：原理与开发

长期以来,普通配筋钢筋混凝土（RC）连梁在剪力墙、框架核心筒等高层结构体系中均得到了广泛的应用。在对该类体系进行地震反应分析时,迫切需要一个高效、准确且建模方便的连梁计算单元。该文基于对国内外普通配筋RC连梁试验的归纳总结及各类考虑非线性剪切效应的构件计算模型的充分比较,提出了在传统的基于纤维截面模型的分布塑性铰梁单元的基础上引入截面剪力-剪切变形关系和剪力-剪切滑移关系的单元开发思路。通过对通用有限元程序MSC.MARC(2007r1)的梁单元截面模型接口进行二次开发,实现了一种适用于普通配筋RC连梁非线性地震反应分析的纤维梁单元。提出了适用于普通配筋RC连梁的剪力-剪切变形骨架曲线和滞回规则,模型可充分体现捏拢、强度和刚度退化、承载力下降等RC连梁复杂的受剪特性,并可考虑任意复杂加载路径。特别针对RC连梁特有的剪切滑移现象,提出相应的剪力-剪切滑移骨架曲线和滞回规则,可充分体现剪力-剪切滑移关系中捏拢、强度和刚度退化等现象,同时引入剪切滑移和剪切受压极限曲线实现不同破坏模式的判断。利用剪力-剪切变形关系和剪力-剪切滑移关系,分别开发了剪切单元和滑移单元,并将二者结合实现对连梁构件的模拟分析。     

保温砌模现浇网格墙建筑结构设计方法

通过8个剪跨比不大于1.0和8个剪跨比为1.96～3.06的钢筋混凝土网格剪力墙试件在轴压力和往复水平力作用下的试验,表明网格墙的破坏形态为横肢剪切破坏和墙端竖肢混凝土压碎破坏,耗能构件多且分散,塑性变形能力大.有限元分析和(或)试验结果表明,可以将网格墙等效为普通钢筋混凝土剪力墙,计算其抗侧刚度,按现行规范计算其受剪承载力和偏心受压承载力.     

Effect of elaborate plastic hinge definition on the pushover analysis of reinforced concrete buildings

Due to its simplicity, lumped plasticity approach is usually used for nonlinear characterization of reinforced concrete (RC) members in pushover analysis. In this approach, the inelastic force deformation of hinges could be defined as either the nonlinear properties suggested in FEMA‐356 and ATC‐40 or defined hinges quantified on the basis of the properties of RC members. However, the nonlinear response of RC structures relies heavily on the inelastic properties of the structural members concentrated in the plastic hinges. To provide a comparative study, this paper attempts to show the results of pushover analyses of RC structures modeled on the basis of the FEMA nonlinear hinges and defined hinges. Following the validation of the adopted models, the force–deformation curves of the defined hinges are determined in a rigorous approach considering the material inelastic behavior, reinforcement details and dimensions of the members. For the case studies, two four‐story and one eight‐story frames are considered in order to represent low‐rise and mid‐rise buildings with different ductility. Nonlinear responses of both models are elaborated in terms of the inter‐story drift, hinging pattern, failure mechanism and the pushover curve. It is confirmed that FEMA hinges underestimate the strength and more importantly the displacement capacity, especially for the frame possessing low ductility. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

抗弯钢框架-密肋网格复合钢板墙抗侧力体系抗震性能理论与试验研究

提出了密肋网格复合钢板剪力墙,并与抗弯钢框架相结合,充分发挥各自的性能。从理论和试验两个方面对其抗震性能进行了研究。其中理论分析主要研究了密肋网格复合钢板剪力墙的受力机制,提出了密肋网格板的构造措施,并通过有限元模型分析了其受力性能;试验研究主要针对一榀双跨两层抗弯钢框架-密肋网格复合钢板剪力墙试件进行拟静力试验,考察其在低周反复荷载作用下的侧向刚度及承载性能、滞回特性、耗能能力及破坏特性等,评价了该体系的抗震性能。研究表明：该体系在弹性阶段主要依靠墙板的剪切机制和钢框架共同承担水平荷载,非弹性阶段区格中钢板的对角斜向拉力带为结构提供侧向承载能力;密肋网格板避免了墙板发生整体剪切屈曲,限制了钢板的面外变形值,提高了其弹性刚度,缓解了墙板拉力带对边框架柱的附加弯矩,保护了主要受力构件,克服了滞回曲线的捏缩现象,显著增强了其耗能能力;钢框架与密肋网格复合钢板剪力墙具有良好的协同工作性能,体系变形能力强,大变形状态下具有稳定的承载性能,安全储备高,是优秀的抗侧力体系;破坏模式为区格中钢板屈曲屈服并撕裂,拉力场效应明显,钢框架梁端及钢框架柱底形成塑性铰。     

Efficient structural analysis of wall–frame structures

In this study, an efficient analytical model for the dynamic analysis of tall buildings with a shear wall–frame structural system has been proposed. A shear wall–frame structural system usually consists of a core wall showing flexural behavior and a frame presenting shear behavior. Therefore, the deformed shape of the shear wall–frame structural system is shown by the combination of flexural mode and shear mode. To consider this characteristic in developing an efficient analytical model, the effect of shear wall and frame on the dynamic behavior of a tall building with a dual system has been separately investigated. In order to consider the effect of the shear wall in the frame model without shear wall, a rigid body was used instead of the shear wall. Each equivalent model for the separated shear wall part and frame part has been independently developed, and two equivalent models were then combined to create an efficient analytical model for tall buildings with a shear wall–frame structural system. In order to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, time history analyses of tall buildings with a shear wall–frame system were performed. With analytical results, it has been confirmed that the proposed method can provide accurate results with significantly reduced computational time and memory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

喷涂混凝土夹心剪力墙抗震性能试验研究及有限元分析

为研究喷涂混凝土夹心剪力墙的抗震性能,完成了7个试件的拟静力试验。试件的主要变化参数为墙厚及边缘构件。试验结果表明：夹心墙的2层或3层混凝土及其配筋可作为整体共同承担竖向压力及水平力;试件的破坏形态包括压弯破坏和剪切破坏,增加边缘构件的竖向钢筋导致试件发生剪切破坏;试件的水平力-位移滞回曲线有一定程度的捏拢;压弯破坏的试件,极限位移角为1/76~1/103,设置边缘构件的试件,其极限位移角约为没有边缘构件试件的1.3倍,增加墙厚对极限位移角影响不大;剪切破坏的试件,其耗能能力小于压弯破坏的试件;可采用剪力墙承载力公式计算夹心墙在轴压力作用下的正截面受弯承载力和斜截面受剪承载力。采用MSC. Marc（2010）对夹心墙试件进行非线性有限元分析得到了水平力-位移骨架曲线、裂缝分布及承载力,与试验结果吻合较好。     

劲性钢筋混凝土低剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为了改善钢筋混凝土低剪力墙的抗震性能，可在钢筋混凝土低剪力墙内设置型钢骨架，成为劲性钢筋混凝土低剪力墙。试验结果表明，劲性钢筋混凝土低剪力墙的抗震性能明显优于钢筋混凝土低剪力墙。同时，在分析试验结果的基础上，建议了劲性钢筋混凝土低剪力墙的抗剪承载力计算公式和用于动力分析的恢复力模型     

足尺水泥聚苯模壳格构式混凝土填充墙钢筋混凝土框架抗震性能试验研究

为研究水泥聚苯模壳(EPSC)格构式混凝土填充墙钢筋混凝土(RC)框架的抗震性能,对一足尺单层EPSC格构式混凝土填充墙RC框架模型进行了振动台试验。试验中考虑了墙体开洞及墙体与RC框架的连接方式,研究了不同强度地震动作用下模型结构的动力特性、加速度反应、位移反应、层间剪力和动应变反应。研究结果表明:连续强震动作用下EPSC裂缝数量较多,部分格构柱水平开裂,而RC框架未发现损伤,EPSC格构式混凝土填充墙RC框架具有良好的抗震性能;模型最大层间位移角仅为1/513,格构式混凝土墙体的存在极大增强了RC框架的抗侧刚度;墙体与RC框架设置不同间距、长度的拉结筋均能提高墙体的平面外稳定性能,可控制墙体与框架协同工作。     

环筋扣合锚接连接预制剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

对15个混凝土剪力墙试件进行低周反复荷载试验,研究环筋扣合锚接连接预制剪力墙的抗震性能,考察不同连接形式、不同钢筋配置、不同轴压比等参数影响下剪力墙试件的承载力、滞回特性及破坏机理。试件按纵筋直径和混凝土强度等级的不同分为3组,每组包括2个现浇试件（1个为钢筋贯通连接,1个为纵筋搭接连接）和3个采用环筋扣合锚接连接现浇带的预制试件（其中1个为箍筋加密试件）。试验结果表明：预制剪力墙试件与现浇试件的破坏模式一致,均为压弯破坏;箍筋加密预制剪力墙试件的极限位移角在1/82~1/50之间,其承载力、耗能、延性等性能与全预制试件基本相同,环筋扣合锚接连接剪力墙试件具有良好的抗震性能,可以用于装配式剪力墙结构的建造。     

大网格混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为适应不超过6层的混凝土网格剪力墙住宅建筑的要求,研发了网格尺寸为400mm×400mm的大网格剪力墙承重体系.通过2个剪跨比为2.02和2个剪跨比为1.13的大网格剪力墙试件的拟静力试验,研究大网格剪力墙的破坏形态、滞回特性、变形能力和承载能力等.试验结果表明:试件横肢两端-竖向裂缝贯通肢高;竖肢水平开裂,端竖肢底部...     

半刚性框架-密肋网格复合钢板剪力墙结构抗震性能试验研究

对一榀单跨两层半刚性框架-密肋网格复合钢板剪力墙结构进行了低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究。系统分析了结构的受力机制、破坏模式和耗能机理,得到了承载力、刚度、延性及耗能能力等指标,评价了该种结构体系的抗震性能。结果表明：结构在弹性工作阶段主要依靠墙板的剪切机制承担水平荷载,非弹性阶段区格中钢板的对角拉力带为结构提供侧向承载能力;密肋网格的设置有效限制了内嵌钢板的面外变形值,提高了结构的弹性刚度,克服了滞回曲线的“捏缩”效应,减小了钢板的噪音及震颤,显著增强了结构的耗能能力;框架与钢板墙协同工作良好,结构塑性变形能力强,安全储备高,是一种优良的抗侧力体系;破坏模式为各区格中的钢板撕裂,拉力带效应明显,边框架柱脚及边框架梁端形成塑性铰。