低信噪比的接收通道阵列幅相误差校正方法

针对低信噪比情况,建立了新的接收阵列误差模型,提出了一种改进单辅助源通道阵列幅相误差校正算法.该算法利用自相关矩阵对角线部分求解通道幅度误差,用最小二乘法对上三角部分求解通道相位误差.仿真结果表明:在低信噪比时,改进校正算法性能明显优于传统校正算法,在高信噪比时,2种算法残差均非常小.实验结果表明:利用改进的校正算法对综合孔径辐射计进行校正后所得的图像边界清晰、干扰较少,与实际亮温对应较好,明显优于采用传统校正算法进行校正后所得的图像.     

基于局部梯度的神经网络非均匀性校正算法

为了解决传统神经网络算法在用于红外焦平面阵列(Infrared Focal Plane Array,IRFPA)非均匀性校正(Non-Uniformity Correction,NUC)时所面临的边缘模糊、收敛速度慢等问题,通过引入图像局部梯度特性对该算法进行了改进。通过用局部梯度相似度信息构造权值函数来对区域进行加权滤波,可以保留图像边缘信息。在迭代运算中,将梯度幅值加权的自适应参数规整因子加入了误差损失函数,并引入梯度幅值相关的自适应步长用以代替传统的固定步长,从而进一步提升了算法的校正效果和收敛速度。然后对算法的性能曲线和校正结果进行了分析。结果表明,与传统算法相比,改进的神经网络校正算法取得了更好的校正效果,其校正误差稳定低于前者,实现了有效抑制边缘模糊和提升收敛速度的目标。     

红外双边滤波时域高通非均匀性校正

红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性噪声是制约红外成像质量的主要因素。本文在研究了传统的时域高通滤波法及其两种改进算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的基于双边滤波的非均匀性自适应校正算法,在这种方法中引入了一个由双边滤波系数矩阵推得的二次校正矩阵,该矩阵能够判别原始图像与双边滤波所得图像的差图像中场景的边缘部分,并进行自适应的抑制,使校正参数的计算更加准确。实验部分通过对加模拟噪声图像序列和实际非均匀性图像的校正证明本文的改进算法比其他两种改进算法有更好的校正效果。     

一种矢量传感器阵列误差的自校正算法及DOA估计

突破大多数阵列误差校正技术针对标量传感器阵列误差模型的限制,提出一种对电磁场矢量传感器阵列误差进行自校正的方法。该方法针对存在方位依赖阵元幅相误差的矢量传感器阵列模型;所提算法基于子空间的思想可对任意极化状态多源信号的信源方位、极化参数和对应的阵元幅相误差进行无模糊联合估计;该方法适用于具有任意几何结构的矢量传感器阵列,仿真试验表明了该算法的有效性。     

电阻阵列非均匀性校正算法实时性研究

非均匀性是电阻阵列输出图像固定噪声的主要来源,非均匀性校正是电阻阵列应用于半实物仿真中图像实时生成的一个不可缺少的环节.通过对校正算法的分析,设计算法实时性测试系统,并对校正在线算法进行改进,满足200Hz的帧频要求.在两种硬件平台方案下对算法的实时性进行测试,测试结果说明:非均匀性校正算法是影响动态红外图像生成实时性的一个重要因素,采用专用的硬件计算设备是提高整个系统实时性的必然选择.     

基于Y型阵的互耦矩阵与DOA的同时估计方法

基于均匀间隔的Y型阵列,提出了一种自校正算法用于非相干源的DOA估计和阵元间的互耦校正,且无需任何方位已知的校正源.自校正算法利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵的对称Toeplitz性和带状特性,无需任何互耦信息的条件下可以精确估计信源DOA和阵列的互耦矩阵,从而实现阵列的自校正,并进行了参数的模糊性分析.仿真结果验证了提出的自校正算法具有分辨力高、计算量小以及校正精度高的特点.     

基于先验信息的综合孔径辐射计误差校正方法

误差会严重影响综合孔径微波辐射计的成像性能,需要进行校正.但是,随着系统工作频率的提高和阵列尺寸的扩大,校正难度越来越大.文中提出一种基于先验信息的综合孔径微波辐射计误差校正方法.该校正方法包括一个基于先验信息的校正矩阵以及一种基于先验信息的CLEAN算法.首先,该校正方法将含有误差的系统响应作为先验信息构造校正矩阵,并校正得到初步的反演图像;然后,利用上述先验信息估计系统的阵列因子并代入基于先验信息的CLEAN算法,校正图像中剩余的误差.仿真和实验结果表明该校正方法能有效提高综合孔径微波辐射计的成像质量.该校正方法可以在图像反演过程中全面校正综合孔径微波辐射计的误差,降低对校正系统的硬件性能要求,适用于大阵列毫米波综合孔径微波辐射计的校正误差.     

改进的红外图像神经网络非均匀性校正算法

红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）像元响应存在不一致性,会严重影响红外成像系统成像的质量,实际应用中需要采用响应的非均匀性校正（NUC）技术。传统的神经网络校正算法在校正结果中存在图像模糊和伪像的问题,影响人们对于目标的观察。在分析了传统的神经网络性校正算法所出现问题原因的基础上,提出了有效的改进算法:用非线性滤波器代替传统算法中使用的均值滤波器。算法改进之后所得到的校正图像,不仅在清晰度方面有明显的改善,而且有效的消除了传统算法中存在伪像的问题。     

基于剪切波域改进Gamma校正的医学图像增强算法

为了解决医学图像在采集和传输过程中引入噪 声和干扰导致图像质量恶化从而严重影响医学诊断的问题,提出 一种基于剪切波(shearlet)域改进Gamma校正的图像增强方法。首先,通过剪切波变换,把 图像分解成高频 部分和低频部分;其次,用改进的Gamma校正处理剪切波分解后的低频部分以调整图像的整 体对比 度,采用改进的自适应阈值函数对高频部分进行去噪;最后,把剪切波反变换的重构图 像进行模糊对比 增强,以突出图像的细节信息。实验结果表明,本文算法的峰值信噪比(PSNR )、结构相似度(SSIM)和 绝对均值差(MAE)优于其他对比算法,尤其是PSNR的提升更加明显。这些 客观指标说明,本 文算法不仅能有效地抑制噪声,而且能明显改善增强对比度。从主观方面观察,本文算法与 其他算法相比,能获得更好的视觉效果。     

基于虚拟边框视场光阑的IRFPA自适应非均匀性校正算法

 非均匀性校正是提高红外焦平面阵列成像质量的关键环节.本文提出了一种基于虚拟边框视场光阑的红外非均匀性校正算法.该算法用人工神经网络对边框像元进行初始校正,形成校正虚拟边框,再根据场景信息和帧间位移,将偏置校正参数逐行逐列传递,可消除焦平面阵列全视场响应的偏置非均匀性.由于算法主要基于代数运算,运算量较低,故能根据场景信息自适应地实现快速、高效的一点校正;且不需要对成像系统进行机械结构改造,与传统代数算法相比,适应性更强.真实红外图像与仿真图像对算法的检验结果,证明了方法的有效性.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.