并行环境下注塑件智能设计支撑技术研究

注塑件设计是注塑模设计制造的第一步,注塑件设计的优劣以及注塑件产品模型信息的完备与否,对注塑模设计制造的难易以及成形工艺参数的选择都具有十分重要的作用。本文从构造新一代注塑模设计制造系统的出发,探讨注塑件智能设计的支撑技术,提出采用并行工程设计思想,以基于特征的产品建模方法构造注塑件产品模型;结合神经网络和专家系统的特长,构造神经网络与专家系统混合系统;利用特征和知识紧密的关系,实现注塑件以及注塑     

On the Morality of Artificial Agents

Artificial agents (AAs), particularly but not only those in Cyberspace, extend the class of entities that can be involved in moral situations. For they can be conceived of as moral patients (as entities that can be acted upon for good or evil) and also as moral agents (as entities that can perform actions, again for good or evil). In this paper, we clarify the concept of agent and go on to separate the concerns of morality and responsibility of agents (most interestingly for us, of AAs). We conclude that there is substantial and important scope, particularly in Computer Ethics, for the concept of moral agent not necessarily exhibiting free will, mental states or responsibility. This complements the more traditional approach, common at least since Montaigne and Descartes, which considers whether or not (artificial) agents have mental states, feelings, emotions and so on. By focussing directly on mind-less morality we are able to avoid that question and also many of the concerns of Artificial Intelligence. A vital component in our approach is the Method of Abstraction for analysing the level of abstraction (LoA) at which an agent is considered to act. The LoA is determined by the way in which one chooses to describe, analyse and discuss a system and its context. The Method of Abstraction is explained in terms of an interface or set of features or observables at a given LoA. Agenthood, and in particular moral agenthood, depends on a LoA. Our guidelines for agenthood are: interactivity (response to stimulus by change of state), autonomy (ability to change state without stimulus) and adaptability (ability to change the transition rules by which state is changed) at a given LoA. Morality may be thought of as a threshold defined on the observables in the interface determining the LoA under consideration. An agent is morally good if its actions all respect that threshold; and it is morally evil if some action violates it. That view is particularly informative when the agent constitutes a software or digital system, and the observables are numerical. Finally we review the consequences for Computer Ethics of our approach. In conclusion, this approach facilitates the discussion of the morality of agents not only in Cyberspace but also in the biosphere, where animals can be considered moral agents without their having to display free will, emotions or mental states, and in social contexts, where systems like organizations can play the role of moral agents. The primary cost of this facility is the extension of the class of agents and moral agents to embrace AAs.     

Controller area network (CAN) for computer integrated manufacturing systems

Communication acts a central role in computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). The choice of communication system widely determines the capability and productivity of a factory as a whole. Moreover, in the implementation of CIM systems, the costs associated with the interconnection of the individual CIM components are very important. In CIM, communication is largely used to control programmable manufacturing equipment. Here, the time requirements are high, and error-free data transmission is a necessity. Fieldbuses are special form of local area network dedicated to applications in the field of data acquisition and the control of sensors and actuators in machines or on the factory floor. Many fieldbus standards exist in the market today. Each of them has been invented at different periods by different companies and for different purposes. Controller area network (CAN) is one of the most popular fieldbuses. The highest advantages of CAN are its low cost, abundance of silicon technology, and reliability in networking multiple real-time systems. CAN is a multimaster bus topology and has shown to be very efficient medium for error detection and fault tolerance. CAN's technical specifications are defined in the ISO/OSI network layer spans just two layer of the model. CAN specifies, in many innovative ways, the physical signaling over the media, data formats, timing, error recovery, protocols and arbitration. It does not define the media itself and its connectors, and also the upper layers (usually software) of the model.     

一种CIM集成基础结构的设计与实现

在计算机集成制造系统中,CIM（computer integrated manufacturing）集成基础结构是最主要的支撑环境之一．介绍了由哈尔滨工业大学设计和开发的开放式CIM集成基础结构——HIT－IIS．2．该原型系统为CIM系统提供了以下一些服务功能：经营过程控制、企业活动控制、资源管理、定义描述与维护、全局系统信息服务、通信管理以及系统前端接口等．详细描述其中的每一服务功能     

DEDS理论在CIMS中应用研究回顾与展望

离散事件动态系统DEDS理论为制造系统分析设计提供了支持工具,制造技术的发展又为DEDS理论提供了实际应用背景.本文综述离散事件动态系统DEDS理论的发展及其在计算机集成制造系统CIMS中的应用研究.分析了各种DEDS方法的特点和探讨了相应DEDS模型的描述范围.扼要叙述了CIMS的发展状况.阐述了CIMS新阶段对未来DEDS理论研究的要求.     

基于开放式标准化思想的CIMS信息集成方法

论述CIMS的基于集成、开放、标准化和并行工程思想的信息集成方法.即应用STEP、EXPRESS、SGML、HyTime、X Windows、UNIX等国际标准或主流工业标准,依托面向对象工程数据库,开发一个开放式的由软件工具和超媒体界面组成的支持环境,实现CIMS信息的数字化交换、共享、集成,支持并行工程思想.     

流程CIM与离散CIM之比较

本文首先从物流、工艺和生产控制自动化等方面分析了流程生产的特点并与离散制造进行了比较。研究了流程ＣＩＭ的体系结构、系统构成，指出流程ＣＩＭＳ通常只包括生产实施（过程控制）与管理信息两个应用系统。过程控制在流程ＣＩＭＳ中占有特殊重要地位。集散控制系统是过程控制与信息集成的基础。     

Levels of abstraction,emergentism and artificial life

I diagnose the current debate between epistemological and ontological emergentism as a Kantian antinomy, which has reasonable but irreconcilable thesis and antithesis. Kantian antinomies have recently returned to contemporary philosophy in part through the work of Luciano Floridi, and the method of levels of abstraction. I use a thought experiment concerning a computer simulation to show how to resolve the epistemological/ontological antinomy about emergence. I also use emergentism and simulations in artificial life to illuminate both levels of abstraction and theoretical challenge for building intelligent agents.     

HIT－IIS：开放式CIM集成基础结构系统

计算机集成制造系统（ＣＩＭＳ）的集成基础结构作为企业范围的应用软件平台为ＣＩＭ系统提供了一组实现企业信息集成、功能集成所需的基本信息处理和通信公共服务集合。它是ＣＩＭ系统的基础支撑环境。本文提出了一个开放式ＣＩＭ集成基础结构样机系统ＨＩＴ－ＩＩＳ的设计方案，并提出了该系统的实现途径。     

多智能体组织结构在并行工程中的应用

本文提出了用多智能体的组织结构来描工行工程环境下的企业组织方式和决策行为，并提出了一种适合的多智能体系统结构和一种通用的和智能体内部结构。     

计算机辅助设计的技术应用探究

应用计算机辅助设计不仅可以提高产品的设计精度,还能缩短产品的开发周期,进而提高产品质量。计算机辅助设计技术在我国社会的各个领域都获得了较为广泛的应用。在该技术不断发展的过程中,计算机辅助设计技术具有了独特的发展特色。就计算机辅助设计的技术应用进行了探索,以期为更进一步优化计算机辅助设计的应用作出贡献。     

A survey on the methods and tools of concurrent new product development and agile manufacturing

Companies in either manufacturing or servicing have to be restructured or re-organized in order to overcome with challenges of the 21st century in which customers are not only satisfied but also delighted. In this competitive environment, organizations should use a flexible, adaptive and responsive paradigm that can be entitled by a unique term: agile manufacturing (AM). An AM system is able to develop a variety of product at low cost and in a short time period. For this, it has some of useful enabling technologies and physical tools. Among these, concurrent engineering (CE) is a systematic approach to the integrated, concurrent design of product and their related processes, including manufacture and support. It is then a useful and beneficial approach to reduce the development time and manufacturing cost, while simultaneously improving the quality of a product in order to better respond to the customer expectations. The aim of this study is to underline the synergistic impact of new product development (NPD) and CE, (which can be called CNPD), and to survey their methods and tools in association with the AM.     

死锁检测工具的能力分析与综合应用

并发软件运行的不确定性使得死锁检测十分困难。现有的工作集中在使用分析、验证或测试的单一途径来检测死锁。通过分析现有工具的死锁检测能力,提出了综合使用工具的死锁检测方法。同时根据分析、验证和测试途径的不同特点,给出了评估工具检测结果的度量方法。实验结果显示了该方法的有效性。     

Abstraction of levels of abstraction

The notion of level of abstraction (LoA) is one of the foundations of the Floridi's Philosophy of Information. It also serves for many practical purposes as in information ethics. But the notion of abstraction is not new; it has been given many different meanings in various fields, especially in scientific disciplines and, in particular, in computer science. Our purpose here is to examine the use of abstraction in Floridi's works in conjunction with some of the meanings of abstraction in computer science. The article is divided into five sections. After a general introduction to the Floridi's method of abstraction (MoA) in Section 1, Section 2 revisits Floridi's definition of abstraction and Section 3 gives the different senses of abstraction in computer science. The Section 4 compares them with the Floridi's LoAs and proposes to generalise the Floridi's approach to abstraction using an abstraction of the LoAs, while Section 5 concludes on what we think to be some new arguments in favour of MoA and LoA.     

产品需求建模辅助工具系统的研究与开发

介绍了一种面向并行设计的产品需求获取、分析与管理的工具系统。该系统包括基于需求拓扑结构的需求获取与拓展模块、以模糊需求分析为核心的需求信息分析处理模块、以质量功能展开矩阵为纲领的需求信息映射处理模块、设计过程规划与重组模块以及需求建模过程回溯模块,对该系统的有效性,结合石油管道外涂层缠绕机设计,进行了实例应用与验证。     

再造工程和并行工程在信息系统开发中的应用探讨

本文首先研究了如何运用再造工程原理,通过系统改善信息系统开发过程的结构, 谋求缩短信息系统开发周期,提高信息系统开发效率和质量,并给出实施步骤．其次结合并 行工程,提出并行软件工程概念,并且提出了两种信息系统开发过程模型,即：基于瀑布模 型的并行工程模式和基于快速原型模型的工程模式．     

并行环境下广义装配设计的集成框架

提出了以装配建模和变量设计为核心,以装配规划与仿真,装配分析和公差分析与综合等为支撑的广义装配设计的集成框架,该框架能在并行工程的环境下对产品设计进行信息集成和设计过程集成,形成自上而下的,各支撑系统模块间相互依存,相互评价的设计循环,从而提高产品的一次设计成功率。     

基于产品线N-生命周期模型的集成化软件工程环境研究

为实现软件的工业化生产,我们对日渐成熟的软件产品线体系结构、构件技术和产品线开发方法进行了分析和研究,并借鉴现代工业生产体系和自动化生产方式,提出了基于产品线体系结构的软件工程过程模型--N-生命周期模型。以此模型为基础,提出了基于产品线开发过程模型的集成化软件工程环境模型和构架,并对此环境模型和构架的实实现进行了系统的理论、技术和配置研究。文中的研究思想和成果对于基于产品线的集成化软件工程环境研究具有一定的参考和借鉴作用。     

CIMS企业应用发展策略分析

对我国企业实施CIMS的现状及必要性进行了分析,在此基础上运用并行工程的哲理,对产品及相关过程包括离散型制造过程和支持过程进行并行集成化的处理,针对我国国情,从企业需求、政府视角、技术先进性和人才培养等方面提出了CIMS在我国企业应用的发展策略,以消除企业对应用先进制造技术的困惑。     

Intelligent setup planning in manufacturing by neural networks based approach

Setup planning is considered the most significant but also difficult activity in Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP), and has a strong impact on manufacturability, product quality and production cost. Indeed, setup planning activity deserves much attention in CAPP. The setup planning in manufacturing consists mainly of three steps, namely, setup generation, operation sequence, and setup sequence. In this paper, the Kohonen self-organizing neural networks and Hopfield networks are adopted to solve such problems in setup planning efficiently. Kohonen self-organizing neural networks are utilized, according to the nature of the different steps in setup planning, to generate setups in terms of the constraints of fixtures/jigs, approach directions, feature precedence relationships, and tolerance relationships. The operation sequence problem and the setup sequence problem are mapped onto the traveling salesman problem, and are solved by Hopfield neural networks. This paper actually provides a complete research basis to solve the setup planning problem in CAPP, and also develops the most efficient neural networks based approaches to solve the setup planning problem in manufacturing. Indeed, the results of the proposed approaches work towards the optimal solution to the intelligent setup planning in manufacturing.