气-固相法氯化反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯

采用气-固相法对反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)进行氯化改性,制得氯化反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(CTPI)。主要探讨了氯含量对反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯结晶度的影响,以及氯化后TPI结构的变化。分析结果表明,随着氯含量的升高,CTPI的结晶度下降,熔点降低。随TPI粒径尺寸减小以及其相对分子质量分布变窄,氯化则越容易,氯化程度越均匀,结晶度降低越多。结构表征发现,CTPI分子链结构包括碳-碳双键氯加成、侧甲基氯取代、环氧基团等。     

反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的氯化改性

采用水相悬浮法，在常压下对反式-1，4-聚异戊二烯（TPI）进行氯化改性。研究了温度、时间、粒径等对氯化反式-1，4-聚异戊二烯（CTPI）氯含量的影响。得到适宜的反应条件是：采用两阶段升温的方法，控制一定的通氯量，第一阶段，反应温度为35℃，反应时间为2～3h；第二阶段．反应温度为50～55℃，反应时间为1～6h，可获得氯质量分数在50％以内的CTPI，产品为可溶解的白色疏松颗粒。     

水相悬浮法氯化反式1，4-聚异戊二烯的结构表征

采用水相悬浮法合成氯化反式1，4-聚异戊二烯（CTPI），并对其结构进行表征。分析结果表明，TPI在氯化过程中其亚甲基上发生了较剧烈的取代反应，并产生了氯代羧酸基团；随着氯含量的增大，CTPI的热稳定性提高；CTPI热降解分多步进行，240℃左右以脱氯化氢为主，380-420℃以分子断链脱碳氢化合物气体为主，500～800℃CTPI热损失的碳残余物质量损失率约为3％。     

氯化反式1，4-聚异戊二烯在CR/TPI并用胶中的应用

研究氯化反式1,4-聚异戊二烯(CTPI)对CR/反式1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)并用胶性能的影响.结果表明,在CR/TPl并用胶中加入CTPI可缩短胶料的焦烧时间和正硫化时间,改善TPI与CR的相容性,从而改善胶料中炭黑的分散性,显著提高胶料的耐屈挠疲劳性能.     

低相对分子质量反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯蜡在NR/TPI并用胶中的应用

将低相对分子质量反式-1，4-聚异戊二烯蜡（LMTPIW）代替芳烃油用于天然橡胶（NR）和反式-1，4-聚异戊二烯（TPI）并用胶中．研究其对并用胶性能的影响。结果表明，用LMTPIW代替芳烃油用于NR／TPI并用胶中，操作方便，可改善混炼胶的加工性能，混炼胶的焦烧时间延长；提高了硫化胶的拉断伸长率、撕裂强度、屈挠性能；改善了炭黑的分散性；热空气老化性能略有下降。LMTPIW用量在10～15份时，与加入5份芳烃油后的增塑效果相当．屈挠性能可提高2～4倍，胶料的综合性能最佳。     

环氧化反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的结构与性能

研究了水相悬浮法合成环氧化反式－1，4－聚异戊二烯（ETPI）的结构与性能。结果表明，反式－1，4－聚异戊二烯TPI粉粒的晶区和无定形区均能发生环氧化反应，但因二者反应性不同，导致环氧基团在同一分子链无定形区链段部分数目较多而在晶区链段部分数目较少，形成类嵌段结构，在微观上整个分子链的环氧化不均匀；随环氧度的增加，ETPI分子链的刚性、极性增加，结晶性变差，生胶在非极性溶剂中的溶解性变差，在甲苯中的特性黏数降低，熔点降低，邵尔A型硬度先降低后升高，密度、凝胶质量分数增加，门尼黏度升高，加工性变差。     

我国反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的研究与应用进展

综述了我国反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的发展历程,介绍了天然反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯和合成反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯在轮胎、减震制品及形状记忆材料方面的研究进展,分析了我国反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的技术水平和产业应用情况,指出了反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的发展前景及其持续研究的必要性。     

聚合转化率对高反式丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶微观结构及性能的影响

研究在10L聚合釜中由TiCl4／MgCl2负载型催化剂催化合成高反式丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶时，聚合转化率对共聚物的组成、结构和性能的影响。结果表明，丁二烯／异戊二烯的初始摩尔比为0．2时，随着聚合转化率的升高，聚合物中丁二烯单元的平均组成下降；不同聚合转化率下共聚物丁二烯单元中反式1，4-结构摩尔分数均大于0．98，异戊二烯单元中反式1，4-结构摩尔分数均大于0．97，聚合转化率对共聚物的微观结构没有明显影响。聚合转化率提高使共聚物生胶拉伸强度提高，拉断伸长率和硬度变化不大；聚合转化率为60％的硫化胶具有良好的综合性能。     

在二硫化碳／正丁基锂／环己烷体系中合成高顺式聚异戊二烯

大连理工大学化工学院高分子材料系研究了聚合温度在30～60℃，以正丁基锂为引发剂，环己烷为溶剂，二硫化碳为结构调节剂的异戊二烯负离子聚合的反应规律，以及二硫化碳用量和聚合条件对聚异戊二烯微观结构的影响。结果表明，随着异戊二烯／环己烷质量比增大，聚异戊二烯中的顺式-1，4结构含量降低；随着引发剂浓度增大，聚异戊二烯中的顺式-1，4结构含量减小；     

反式-1，4异戊橡胶TPI的性能和应用

反式-1，4异戊橡胶是聚异戊二烯之一，其化学组成与我们熟悉的顺式1，4-聚异戊二烯相同，但单元间排列的空间结构不同，而且以反式结构占绝对优势（大于98％，另还含少量的3，4结构）。顺、反1，4-聚异戊二烯中的基团空间排列的不同见图1。     

焦炭灰分,硫分数学模型的建立

应用计算机软件,从大量生产数据中统计焦炭灰分、硫分预测模型。利用工程分析的允许误差,对数据库分组段进行了极差及DIXON检验,得出了更具代表性的预测模型。     

低甲醛含量六羟基树脂植绒胶黏剂的研究

作为一种植绒胶黏剂,六羟基树脂胶黏剂因甲醛含量偏高而受到诸多限制。对六羟基树脂植绒胶黏剂的低甲醛化进行了研究。结果显示,以三聚氰胺和甲醛作为原料,采用3次投料法,并进行甲醚化可使所得胶黏剂甲醛含量降低至0.2%,含固量达到80%(质量分数),且耐干磨性、耐湿磨性及水溶性均良好。     

HANDBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL DRYING

Papermaking is a massive dehydration operation. Thermal removal of moisture which can not be removed mechanically is a key process stage in papermaking. It is well known that it is a highly energy intensive step. However, it is less readily recognized that it also influences some of the most important physical, optical or functional properties of the product. With the advent of new drying technologies- some already commercialized while some still at pilot or laboratory stage - it is increasingly important to devote attention to the interaction between the drying conditions and the final product quality as measured by generally accepted standard test results. Aside from the drying parameters one must also examine paper/pulp parameters in the hope of achieving in the long term some predictive capability as well as drying-quality effects. This bibliography is selective in coverage and is compiled to ease the task of the interested reader in locating appropriate references covering his/her areas of interest.. Some general observations are made on the basis of the literature cited.

important problem.This is influenced by the composition and characteristics of the coating colour and raw stock and also by the type and rate of drying.

The following selected bibliography covers the effect of drying on pulp, paper and paperboard properties. Some available literature on coated paper drying is also included. It is encouraging to note a trend towards considering the effect of drying on the product quality as an integral part of drying R&;D projects. Earlier, the drying work was confined to optimising only the heat and mass transfer parameters. It should be noted also that this bibliography includes a substantial number of publications which are not in english. The availability of their translations into english is not known to the authors.

It is noteworthy that an international symposium - The Helsinki Symposium on Alternate Drying Technologies will be held in Helsinki in June 1991 to discuss the competing new drying technologies from the papermakers viewpoint.     

聚乙烯纤维增强有机玻璃复合材料性能影响因素的研究

通过真空浸渍法，成功制备出聚乙烯纤维增强有机玻璃（UHMWPE/PMMA）复合材料，就纤维含量以及孔隙率等对材料性能的影响进行了初步研究，重点探讨了孔隙率对复合材料的影响。     

HPLC法测小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒含量及含量均匀度

建立了小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量及含量均匀度测定方法。采用HPLC,以Phenom enex Luna C18为色谱柱,乙腈：0.3%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液：磷酸（60：40：0.02）（用三乙胺调节pH值至3.3±0.1）为流动相;检测波长为224nm。测得马来酸氯苯那敏在0.02019~2.0190μg（R=0.9999）范围内呈线性关系,平均回收率为98.1%（RSD=1.2%）。测定方法简便,准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

PEAR DRYING PROCESS ANALYSIS: DRYING RATES AND EVOLUTION OF WATER AND SUGAR CONCENTRATIONS IN SPACE AND TIME

Dried pears are produced in Portugal by a traditional solar drying process and, because they represent unquestionable regional economic interest, some studies are being conducted in order to convert their production to industrial drying methods. In this work the main mass transfer phenomena occurring during drying of pears are investigated. Experiments were carried out to determine the time evolution of the radial profiles of water and sugar content. The drying rates were also studied at constant drying temperatures of 30, 40 and 50°C. The results enable to conclude that the concentration profiles of water and sugar, both in space and time, follow an expected pattern if one takes into account the rates of water removal and the diffusion mechanisms. These also allow to explain why the sugar concentration increases in the periphery of the fruit. The drying rate curves obtained are typical, with the drying process at 30°C being more gradual but also much slower than that at 50°C.     

高分子量聚氯乙烯树脂增塑,填充体系的物理力学性能研究

本文研究聚合度及增塑剂、填充剂用量对高分子量聚氯乙烯（ＨＭＷＰＶＣ）树脂物理力学性能的影响规律，并将国内外ＨＭＷＰＶＣ树脂以及ＨＭＷＰＶＣ与通用型ＰＶＣ树脂进行了性能对比。结果表明，ＨＭＷＰＶＣ增塑、填充体系的拉什强度、撕裂强度冲击回弹性及压缩永久形变等物理力学性能均随聚合度的提高而有所增加，而且各项性能均优于通用型ＰＶＣ树脂，可有效地用作橡胶代用品。分子量相同的国内外ＨＭＷＰＶＣ树脂物理力学性能基本相同。但是，后者随着增塑剂用量的增加，弹性比前者有所提高；随着填充剂用量的增加，性能变化比前者缓慢．增加填充剂用量以降低制品的体积成本。笔者还时两者物理力学性能的差异与颗粒形态之间的关系进行了探讨。     

PEAR DRYING PROCESS ANALYSIS: DRYING RATES AND EVOLUTION OF WATER AND SUGAR CONCENTRATIONS IN SPACE AND TIME

ABSTRACT

Dried pears are produced in Portugal by a traditional solar drying process and, because they represent unquestionable regional economic interest, some studies are being conducted in order to convert their production to industrial drying methods. In this work the main mass transfer phenomena occurring during drying of pears are investigated. Experiments were carried out to determine the time evolution of the radial profiles of water and sugar content. The drying rates were also studied at constant drying temperatures of 30, 40 and 50°C. The results enable to conclude that the concentration profiles of water and sugar, both in space and time, follow an expected pattern if one takes into account the rates of water removal and the diffusion mechanisms. These also allow to explain why the sugar concentration increases in the periphery of the fruit. The drying rate curves obtained are typical, with the drying process at 30°C being more gradual but also much slower than that at 50°C.     

重催油浆磺化制磺化沥青工艺条件研究

本实验用重催油浆经磺化、中和反应合成磺化沥青类产品。考察、优化了油浆磺化的原料、工艺条件,用中国石油天然气总公司钻井工程局企业标准《钻井液用磺化沥青-FT1》分析方法,对各种工艺条件下的油浆磺化产品的磺酸钠含量、油溶物、水溶物含量进行了测定比较,找到了油浆磺化制磺化沥青类产品的最佳工艺条件。     

胡萝卜真空油炸脱水工艺和优化研究

研究了不同预处理条件哒展油炸温度、真空度、时间对胡萝卜脆片品质的影响。通过响应面分析可知：油炸温度、真空度以及时间显著影响胡萝卜片中水分与脂肪含量以及脆度（P≤0．05）;其最佳油炸工艺为温度100℃-110℃、真空度0．08—0．09MPa、时间15min。