一种材料超疏水表面的制备方法及其应用

首先介绍了超疏水表面的重要应用,对超疏水表面结构进行了定义,并列举了几种制备超疏水表面的方法.详细介绍了利用复制模塑法制备超疏水表面的工艺过程,通过样品的扫描电镜照片分析了该工艺的优点以及工艺参数对样品表面微造型的影响.水滴在方形柱和平行光栅这两种PDMS微结构表面上的接触角分别为(154.6±0.7)°和(160.2±1.9)°,滚动角分别为6°和3°,达到超疏水标准.最后介绍了复制模塑法在制备超疏水表面、生物抗粘附研究及细胞分选过程中的应用,展望了其广阔的发展前景.     

电沉积法制备低碳钢超疏水表面及其耐蚀性能

电沉积法制备超疏水表面优势明显,但施加电压较高。采用一步快速电沉积法在低碳钢表面制备超疏水膜,测试了超疏水膜的接触角、形貌,通过动电位极化曲线研究了超疏水膜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能,优选了超疏水膜的制备工艺。结果表明:超疏水膜最佳制备工艺条件为电解液组成0.20mol/L硬脂酸+0.1%HCl,电沉积电压8V,电沉积时间16h;最优工艺所制备的超疏水膜接触角达到了153°,在3.5%NaCl溶液中的缓蚀效率高达99.1%。     

纸基超疏水材料制备及应用的研究进展

目的 使相关研究者快速了解纸基超疏水材料的制备方法和应用,并为开发新型纸基超疏水材料提供思路和参考。方法 对超疏水的理论模型进行概述,按照制备方法分类总结纸基超疏水材料的研究进展,对各类制备方法的优缺点进行评述。结果 制备纸基超疏水材料的方法主要有表面涂布法、静电纺丝技术、浸渍涂布法、表面化学改性法、层层组装法、相分离法、非溶剂蒸汽法、超临界溶液快速膨胀技术等,其中表面涂布法和浸渍涂布法具有成本低廉、操作简单、易于实现大规模生产等优点,应用最为广泛。结论 纸基超疏水材料的绿色制备及多功能纸基超疏水材料的开发是该领域未来发展的主要方向。     

长效稳定的超疏水氧化铝表面的制备与性能

通过在载玻片表面涂覆一层由溶胶-凝胶法制备的氧化铝溶胶,再经过一定的热处理、沸水处理和表面修饰等工艺,得到了一种超疏水性氧化铝表面。利用接触角测试和扫描电子显微镜观测等技术对薄膜的制备过程、表面形貌和微观结构、润湿性能及其稳定性等进行了考察。结果表明:所制得的氧化铝薄膜由多孔的花瓣状粗糙结构和疏水长链单分子层构成,从而赋予该薄膜具有超疏水特性。而且,所制备的薄膜在空气中放置一年后,其表面仍然保持超疏水特性,表明该薄膜的超疏水特性十分稳定。同时,该薄膜在较宽的pH值范围内,其表面都呈现出十分强的疏水特性,如当水滴的pH值在1-11范围内时,薄膜表面接触角均在146°以上;而当水滴的pH值达到13.8时,其接触角显著降低。     

仿生超疏水表面的制备与应用研究进展

近年来,人们受到自然界产生的超疏水现象的影响和启发,通过仿制生物表面结构制备出各种超疏水材料。超疏水材料因其表面独特的性质,在工业与军事领域得到了广泛应用。介绍了仿生超疏水材料表面的4种制备方法——模板法、溶胶-凝胶法、静电纺丝法和电沉积法,也涉及了其他制备方法,同时结合各种制备方法对仿生超疏水材料的最新研究成果进行了阐述。最后,总结了超疏水材料研究过程中存在的问题,并展望了其未来的发展方向。     

沉积熔融法制备超疏水微结构表面

传统超疏水表面制备技术都有着各自的缺点,如加工成本高、受加工设备精度影响大、形貌尺寸随机性大。为得到低成本、形貌尺寸相对可控的超疏水微结构表面,提出了新型制备技术——沉积熔融法。通过金属颗粒悬浊液的自然沉积使微纳尺寸的颗粒均匀分布在金属表面,经熔融、再结晶使其与金属表面结合,再采用低表面能高分子修饰,制备出超疏水微结构表面。通过此方法采用锡铅合金在以黄铜、45号钢、6063铝合金基底上制备了超疏水微结构表面,并发现了金属基底材质与微结构表面的疏水性能之间没有必然关系。当微米尺寸的颗粒直径越小,制备的微结构表面的疏水性就越大。此外,相较于传统超疏水表面加工方法,沉积熔融法可实现微米级形貌的制备,且具有加工效率高、工艺简单、成本低廉、不影响原工件强度等优点,但其难以在弧形表面上应用的问题需要进一步研究。     

钛种植体表面润湿性控制的实验研究

首先用喷砂酸蚀法对钛种植体表面进行粗化处理,制备出具有微米-纳米双微观孔洞结构的超亲水表面.然后用等离子体氧化的工艺,制备具有超亲水性能的氧化钛表面,发现表面亲水性能随自偏压的增加先减小后增加,随处理时间的增加而减小.在360 V自偏压、20 min处理时间和1ml/min(标准状态)氧气流量时能到超亲水效果的锐钛矿二氧化钛表面.最后尝试用十二烷基三氯硅烷和分子自组装法在粗糙的氧化钛表面制备疏水表面,最大角度可达120°,利用等离子体处理和紫外光照射成功实现了表面由超亲水到疏水之间的转换.     

超疏水纳米界面材料的制备及其研究进展

综述了国内外近年来制备超疏水表面的方法;重点介绍了4种简易制备粗糙表面的方法(溶胶-凝胶法、相分离法、化学气相沉积法、模板法),并探讨了其优缺点及发展方向;介绍了超疏水表面的应用,提出了未来超疏水表面制备所面临的问题.     

等离子喷涂制备超疏水表面研究进展EI北大核心

超疏水表面在自清洁、油水分离、水下减阻等方面具有巨大的应用价值。传统制备超疏水表面的方法往往工艺复杂、操作难度大、效率低下。等离子喷涂是一种常见的表面改性技术,利用等离子喷涂制备超疏水表面具有制备工艺简单、制备效率高的特点。本文综述了近年来利用等离子喷涂法制备超疏水表面的研究进展。首先介绍了超疏水表面和等离子喷涂技术的基本原理;然后,总结了大气等离子喷涂和液相等离子喷涂两种方法制备超疏水表面的工艺演变过程,阐述了两种方法的制备特点;最后,指出等离子喷涂法制备超疏水表面具有操作简单、成本低、制备性能优异等优点,但也面临着工艺参数探索复杂、性能与制备效率之间难以平衡等挑战。本文期望能在航空航天、海洋科学、军事装备涉及的关键零部件表面改性方面提供一定的参考价值。     

非金属超疏水纳米涂层技术的研究进展

设备表面防水、防冰、防雾的需求在工业生产中随处可见,在其表面喷覆超疏水涂层是针对此类需求的有效解决方法。超疏水涂层的疏水性由材料表面的表面能和微纳粗糙结构两个因素决定,构筑超疏水涂层主要包括降低材料的表面能和改变微观结构两个方面。本文综述了国内外主要的非金属纳米材料,如石墨烯、二氧化硅、二氧化钛等制备超疏水涂层的方法,评价了不同纳米材料的适用范围。这类材料自身尺度是纳米级,易于构筑微纳粗糙结构和通过化学改性引入非极性共价官能团,降低材料的表面能。通过氧化还原、表面改性等方法引入疏水基团,通过自组装法、凝胶法、模板法、刻蚀法等进行结构组装,可制备接触角大于150°、滚动角小于5°的超疏水表面。分析了能够与纳米材料通过共价或非共价结合组成复合超疏水涂层的聚合物,增强涂层在力学、热学等方面的性能,扩展其应用范围。总结了近些年来在非金属超疏水纳米涂层领域的最新技术和进展,介绍了不同种类的纳米材料构筑超疏水表面的方法及其应用,为超疏水涂层的规模化生产提供可行的思路。     

Construct hierarchical superhydrophobic silicon surfaces by chemical etching

We present a simple approach for preparing hydrophobic silicon surfaces by constructing silicon nanowire arrays using Ag-assisted chemical etching without low-surface-energy material modification. The static and dynamic wetting properties of the nanostructured surfaces and their dependence on etching conditions were studied. It was revealed that the surface topologies of silicon nanowire arrays and their corresponding wetting properties could be tuned by varying the etching time. Under optimized etching conditions, superhydrophobic surfaces with an apparent contact angle larger than 150 degrees and a sliding angle smaller than 10 degrees were achieved due to the formation of a hierarchical structure. The origin of hydrophobic behavior was discussed based on Wenzel and Cassie models. In addition, the effects of surface modification of Si surface nanostructures on their hydrophobic characteristics were also investigated.     

SiC/Al复合材料超疏水表面的制备

采用化学刻蚀法在SiC/Al复合材料表面构筑微纳结构,通过SEM和表面接触角测量仪分析刻蚀表面的微观形貌特征及润湿特性,并探讨了其与刻蚀时间之间的关系;借助热震试验评价SiC/Al复合材料超疏水表面的温度骤变耐受特性。结果表明:弥散分布的微米级SiC颗粒的存在使得刻蚀后的SiC/Al复合材料表面易形成由微米级粒状结构和纳米级凹坑结构复合而成的微观结构;氟硅烷修饰后的蚀刻表面的接触角最高达到166.8°,滚动角最低为3°,具有很好的超疏水特性;SiC/Al基超疏水表面具有较好的耐受温度骤变特性。     

Micro/nano engineering on stainless steel substrates to produce superhydrophobic surfaces

Creating micro-/nano-scale topography on material surfaces to change their wetting properties has been a subject of much interest in recent years. Wenzel in 1936 and Cassie and Baxter in 1944 proposed that by microscopically increasing the surface roughness of a substrate, it is possible to increase its hydrophobicity. This paper reports the fabrication of micro-textured surfaces and nano-textured surfaces, and the combination of both on stainless steel substrates by sandblasting, thermal evaporation of aluminum, and aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) of amorphous silicon (a-Si). Meanwhile, fluorinated carbon films were used to change the chemical composition of the surfaces to render the surfaces more hydrophobic. These surface modifications were investigated to create superhydrophobic surfaces on stainless steel substrates. The topography resulting from these surface modifications was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and surface profilometry. The wetting properties of these surfaces were characterized by water contact angle measurement. The results of this study show that superhydrophobic surfaces can be produced by either micro-scale surface texturing or nano-scale surface texturing, or the combination of both, after fluorinated carbon film deposition.     

2A12铝合金基体超疏水表面制备及性能研究

铝合金在使用过程中极易引发基体腐蚀现象,如点蚀、晶间腐蚀等,为保障铝合金在腐蚀环境中的应用,可通过建立超疏水表面改变铝合金表面的润湿性,从而在一定程度上减少腐蚀液与铝合金表面的接触,进而改善耐蚀性。本文通过酸刻蚀和沸水刻蚀两种方法在铝合金表面构筑微纳米结构,并使用低表面能物质硬脂酸进行表面处理得到超疏水表面。采用扫描电子显微镜、接触角测试仪、原子力显微镜分别对铝合金表面形貌、疏水性和粗糙度进行测试,得到两种方法的最佳制备时间,而后通过极化曲线对两种方法制备的铝合金表面耐蚀性能进行对比,进而研究两种刻蚀方法对铝合金耐蚀性的影响。实验结果表明：酸刻蚀时间为15 s时,铝合金表面接触角达到峰值163.9°,呈现超疏水状态,相对于空白样品,表面粗糙度增加了24倍,电化学自腐蚀电位正向移动0.362 8 V;沸水刻蚀时间为1 min时,其表面接触角达到峰值109.6°,比空白样品疏水性强但未呈现超疏水状态,相对于空白样品,经沸水刻蚀的铝合金表面粗糙度增加了4.4倍,电化学自腐蚀电位正向移动0.074 8 V。两种方法处理得到的铝合金表面的耐蚀性与空白铝合金试样相比均有显著提高,而酸刻蚀法的缓蚀效...     

Controllable hybrid side-polishing method (CHPM) for optical fibers by combination of polishing and etching

We introduce the controllable hybrid polishing method (CHPM), which is a combination of enhanced side-polishing and etching methods, leading to a more controllable and precise clad polishing process for optical fibers. The two key advantages of CHPM are enabling of real-time monitoring of the etching process with a resolution of ~100 nm and fabrication of a 34% smoother polished surface than that of traditional polishing methods. Bearing in mind that these two factors are very important for the fabrication of any polished fiber devices, such as plasmonic sensors, the CHPM should prove highly useful in related industrial and scientific applications.     

Fabricating superhydrophobic polymer surfaces with excellent abrasion resistance by a simple lamination templating method

Fabricating robust superhydrophobic surfaces for commercial applications is challenging as the fine-scale surface features, necessary to achieve superhydrophobicity, are susceptible to mechanical damage. Herein, we report a simple and inexpensive lamination templating method to create superhydrophobic polymer surfaces with excellent abrasion resistance and water pressure stability. To fabricate the surfaces, polyethylene films were laminated against woven wire mesh templates. After cooling, the mesh was peeled from the polymer creating a 3D array of ordered polymer microposts on the polymer surface. The resulting texture is monolithic with the polymer film and requires no chemical modification to exhibit superhydrophobicity. By controlling lamination parameters and mesh dimensions, polyethylene surfaces were fabricated that exhibit static contact angles of 160° and slip angles of 5°. Chemical and mechanical stability was evaluated using an array of manual tests as well as a standard reciprocating abraser test. Surfaces remained superhydrophobic after more than 5500 abrasion cycles at a pressure of 32.0 kPa. In addition, the surface remains dry after immersing into water for 5 h at 55 kPa. This method is environmental friendly, as it employs no solvents or harsh chemicals and may provide an economically viable path to manufacture large areas of mechanically robust superhydrophobic surfaces from inexpensive polymers and reusable templates.     

Wettability control of ZnO nanoparticles for universal applications

Herein, a facile approach for the fabrication of a superhydrophobic nanocoating through a simple spin-coating and chemical modification is demonstrated. The resulting coated surface displayed a static water contact angle of 158° and contact angle hysteresis of 1°, showing excellent superhydrophobicity. The surface wettability could be modulated by the number of ZnO nanoparticle coating cycles, which in turn affected surface roughness. Because of its surface-independent characteristics, this method could be applicable to a wide range of substrates including metals, semiconductors, papers, cotton fabrics, and even flexible polymer substrates. This superhydrophobic surface showed high stability in thermal and dynamic conditions, which are essential elements for practical applications. Furthermore, the reversible switching of wetting behaviors from the superhydrophilic state to the superhydrophobic state was demonstrated using repeated chemical modification/heat treatment cycles of the coating films.     

Multifunctional superhydrophobic coatings fabricated from basalt scales on a fluorocarbon coating base

Superhydrophobic coatings are increasingly being evaluated as anticorrosion interventions in exceed-ingly hydrated environments.However,concerns about their long-term durability and amenability to large-area applications in marine environments are still hindering commercial-scale deployment.This study is focused on development of easy-to-apply superhydrophobic coatings,with multifunctional capa-bilities,in order to extend the integrity and durability of the coatings in harsh marine environments.Here,a set of facile methods involving selective chemical etching using concentrated NaOH,as well as fluori-nation with perfluoropolyether methyl ester were adopted to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface on basalt scales,having the required rough hierarchical micro-nanotextured and low surface energy.The superhydrophobic basalt scales were subsequently aligned atop a fluorocarbon resin,pre-deposited on a metal substrate,to yield a multifunctional superhydrophobic coating(3 μL water droplet;contact angle=165.1°,rolling angle=0.7°),easily amenable to large surface area application and having excellent wear resistance,UV-aging resistance,salt spray resistance,corrosion resistance and antibacterial capabilities.     

A combined etching process toward robust superhydrophobic SiC surfaces

Large-scale porous SiC was fabricated by a combination of Pt-assisted etching and reactive ion etching. It was found that the surface roughness of combined etchings increased dramatically in comparison with metal-assisted etching or reactive ion etching only. To reduce the surface energy, the porous SiC surface was functionalized with perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane, resulting in a superhydrophobic SiC surface with a contact angle of 169.2°?and a hysteresis of 2.4°. The superhydrophobicity of the SiC surface showed a good long-term stability in an 85?°C/85% humidity chamber. Such superhydrophobicity was also stable in acidic or basic solutions, and the pH values showed little or no effect on the SiC surface status. In addition, enhancement of porosity-induced photoluminescence intensity was found in the superhydrophobic SiC samples. The robust superhydrophobic SiC surfaces may have a great potential for microfluid device, thermal ground plane, and biosensor applications.     

铝基超疏水表面的制备及其在包装方面的应用进展

在铝基体上构建具有特殊浸润性的超疏水表面,可以赋予其耐腐蚀、防覆冰、润滑减阻等功能,使其具有更大的应用价值和市场前景。制备铝基超疏水表面的方法主要有刻蚀法、阳极氧化法、沉积法、水热法等。化学刻蚀法、阳极氧化法和水热法等操作简单,应用范围广,但在制备过程中用到的强酸强碱等对环境和人体有害;激光刻蚀法等可以控制超疏水表面微观结构的形貌,但使用设备昂贵,难以大范围使用。为拓展超疏水表面的应用领域,开发简便方法制备多级微纳米粗糙结构、使用黏合层加固微观结构、构建自修复超疏水表面是未来的主要研究方向。