锂离子电池电解液行业前景广阔

锂离子电池电解液作为锂离子电池必需的关键材料，用于电池正负极之间传导电子，是锂离子电池获得高电压，高比能等优点的保证，其发展依赖于锂离子电池的发展。     

影响高功率锂离子电池性能的因素

1引言 锂离子电池在应用层面相对于其他种类电池具有电压高、比能量高、循环性能好等优点,而随着现代锂离子电池关键材料的研究发展和电池制备工艺的不断成熟与优化,加速扩展了锂离子电池的应用范围,针对高功率锂离子电池的比功率、比能量、循环性能及安全性能也在稳步提高.     

高安全性锂离子电池电解质研究进展

电解质是锂离子电池的重要组成部分,其电化学性能和热稳定性是影响电池安全性能的重要因素.简要介绍了商用锂离子电池电解质的性质以及由其引起的安全问题,从替代电解质材料和电解质添加剂两个方面综述了高安全性锂离子电池电解质的研究现状,着重阐述了离子液体、聚合物电解质、新型锂盐、成膜添加剂和阻燃添加剂等对锂离子电池安全性能提高的最新进展,展望了锂离子电解液的发展方向.     

锂离子电池隔膜现状及发展趋势

一、锂离子电池隔膜概述1.锂离子电池隔膜简介隔膜是锂离子电池重要的组成部分之一,作用是将正极与负极材料隔开、容许离子通过而不能让电子通过。由于锂离子电池具有工作电压高、正极材料的氧化性和负极材料的还原性较高等特点,因此,隔膜材料与高电化学活性的正负极材料应具备优良的相容性,同时还应具备优良的稳定性、耐溶剂性、离子导电性,电子绝缘性、较好的机械强度、较高的耐热性及熔断隔离性。     

锂离子电池新型负极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池是近年来发展起来的一种新型电池,其研究重点是电池负极材料.根据国内外锂离子电池发展现状,阐述了近年来锂离子电池负极的发展动态,介绍了新型负极材料中的铝、硅、锡、硼基材料以及金属氧化物和金属合金三类,重点介绍了锡基材料,目前研究的重点是提高锂的可逆贮量和减少不可逆容量损失,有利于负极比容量的提高,从而有利于进一步提高锂离子电池的比能量,提出了新型负极材料存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

4种正极材料对锂离子电池性能的影响及其发展趋势

锂离子电池正极材料是锂离子电池发展的关键.从4种正极材料的安全性能、循环性能、存在的问题等方面评述了正极材料对锂离子电池发展起的作用和未来的发展趋势,其中钴酸锂和镍酸锂将依然会占据着小型电池市场的地位,而锰酸锂和磷酸铁锂将会促进大型电池市场的发展.此外,纳米技术在动力电池上的应用也将给电池带来较好的应用前景.     

废旧三元锂离子电池正极材料回收技术研究进展

三元锂离子电池因其性能优越,在国内外便携式电子设备和新能源汽车中得到广泛应用.随着对锂离子电池需求量的不断增大,大量的锂离子电池将迎来"退役"高峰期.为实现有价金属资源的循环利用,降低固体废物处理对环境的影响,废旧锂离子电池的回收利用受到了广泛的关注.通过对三元锂离子电池进行资源化回收利用,可以获得有价金属或直接制备电池材料.为了提高物料的有效回收率,通常采用预处理的方法来分离集流体和正极活性材料,实现物料的有效分离及进一步的后处理.然后,采用冶金处理的方法从正极活性材料中提取金属和分离杂质,其包括高温冶金和湿法冶金处理工艺.最后,结合材料合成的方法进一步制备得到电池材料或化合物.在现阶段的研究中,高温冶金过程面临着物料损耗大、能耗高、环境不友好等问题;湿法冶金过程存在酸耗大、除杂效率低、工艺流程长等问题.正极材料的再生过程、回收成本以及再合成材料的性能是限制其应用的重要因素.本文主要介绍了废旧三元锂离子电池回收过程及方法,包括预处理、高温冶金、湿法冶金、正极材料再生等,分析比较了其存在的主要问题,为废旧三元锂离子电池的资源化技术发展提供参考.最后,提出了废旧三元锂离子电池正极材料的回收应向绿色环保、短流程和低能耗的方向发展.     

全固态薄膜锂离子电池负极和电解质材料的研究进展

全固态薄膜锂离子电池是锂离子电池的最新研究领域,薄膜化的负极、电解质材料是全固态薄膜锂离子电池的重要组成部分.主要对碳基材料、锡基材料、硅基材料,合金等全固态薄膜锂离子电池负极材料和电解质薄膜材料近几年来的研究状况进行了综述,并展望了其发展趋势.     

锂离子电池正负极材料的研究

锂离子电池作为新一代的充电电池,近年来得到了飞速的发展.它以高的性能被用于手机电池、笔记本电脑和其它便携式电器.不久的将来,它将会为电动汽车或大型储存电能的电池提供能量.本文阐述了锂离子电池技术发展的现状,其中包括正极材料、负极材料、电解质以及与之发展相关的问题的成因,并分析了它们的优缺点.     

高能量密度锂离子电池电极材料研究进展

高能量密度的电极活性材料是提高电芯能量密度的关键。提高锂离子电池能量密度的途径主要包括开发高比容量正负极材料和高放电电压平台正极材料。本研究综述了几种典型的具有高能量密度锂离子电池正、负极材料的最新研究进展,包括多电子反应、富锂、聚阴离子和镍锰酸锂正极材料以及硬碳、硅基和锡基负极材料,介绍了各种材料的特点和电化学性能,重点阐述了制备这些材料的典型方法和进展,并展望了高能量密度锂离子电池的发展方向和应用前景。     

Structural Reorganization–Based Nanomaterials as Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Design,Preparation, and Performance

In recent years, with the growing demand for higher capacity, longer cycling life, and higher power and energy density of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the traditional insertion‐based anodes are increasingly considered out of their depth. Herein, attention is paid to the structural reorganization electrode, which is the general term for conversion‐based and alloying‐based materials according to their common characteristics during the lithiation/delithiation process. This Review summarizes the recent achievements in improving and understanding the lithium storage performance of conversion‐based anodes (especially the most widely studied transition metal oxides like Mn‐, Fe‐, Co‐, Ni‐, and Cu‐based oxides) and alloying‐based anodes (mainly including Si‐, Sn‐, Ge‐, and Sb‐based materials). The synthesis schemes, morphological control and reaction mechanism of these materials are also included. Finally, viewpoints about the challenges and feasible improvement measures for future development in this direction are given. The aim of this Review is to shed some light on future electrode design trends of structural reorganization anode materials for LIBs.     

Nanoscale Engineering of Heterostructured Anode Materials for Boosting Lithium‐Ion Storage

Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), as one of the most important electrochemical energy‐storage devices, currently provide the dominant power source for a range of devices, including portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, due to their high energy and power densities. The interest in exploring new electrode materials for LIBs has been drastically increasing due to the surging demands for clean energy. However, the challenging issues essential to the development of electrode materials are their low lithium capacity, poor rate ability, and low cycling stability, which strongly limit their practical applications. Recent remarkable advances in material science and nanotechnology enable rational design of heterostructured nanomaterials with optimized composition and fine nanostructure, providing new opportunities for enhancing electrochemical performance. Here, the progress as to how to design new types of heterostructured anode materials for enhancing LIBs is reviewed, in the terms of capacity, rate ability, and cycling stability: i) carbon‐nanomaterials‐supported heterostructured anode materials; ii) conducting‐polymer‐coated electrode materials; iii) inorganic transition‐metal compounds with core@shell structures; and iv) combined strategies to novel heterostructures. By applying different strategies, nanoscale heterostructured anode materials with reduced size, large surfaces area, enhanced electronic conductivity, structural stability, and fast electron and ion transport, are explored for boosting LIBs in terms of high capacity, long cycling lifespan, and high rate durability. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of future materials design for high‐performance LIB anodes are considered. The strategies discussed here not only provide promising electrode materials for energy storage, but also offer opportunities in being extended for making a variety of novel heterostructured nanomaterials for practical renewable energy applications.     

Progress and perspectives on alloying-type anode materials for advanced potassium-ion batteries

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted increasing interest as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for application in large-scale electrical energy storage systems (EESSs) owing to a wide earth-abundance, potential price advantages, and low standard redox potential of potassium. Developmental materials for use in PIBs that can yield high specific capacities and durability are widely sought with emerging studies on alloying-type anode materials offering significant prospects to meet this challenge. Here, recent advances on alloying-type anodes and their composites for PIBs are reviewed in detail and in a systematic way to capture key aspects from fundamental working principles through major progress and achievements to future perspectives and challenges. Emphasis is placed on critical aspects such as the alloying mechanism and correlation of electrode design and structural engineering for performance enhancement and the crucial role of electrolyte compatibility, additives and binders. The review in appraising all the important contributions on this topic allows for a critical assessment of the research challenges and provides insights on future research directions that can accelerate the important development of PIBs as a viable battery energy storage system.     

Silicon‐Based Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications

Silicon has been intensively studied as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIB) because of its exceptionally high specific capacity. However, silicon‐based anode materials usually suffer from large volume change during the charge and discharge process, leading to subsequent pulverization of silicon, loss of electric contact, and continuous side reactions. These transformations cause poor cycle life and hinder the wide commercialization of silicon for LIBs. The lithiation and delithiation behaviors, and the interphase reaction mechanisms, are progressively studied and understood. Various nanostructured silicon anodes are reported to exhibit both superior specific capacity and cycle life compared to commercial carbon‐based anodes. However, some practical issues with nanostructured silicon cannot be ignored, and must be addressed if it is to be widely used in commercial LIBs. This Review outlines major impactful work on silicon‐based anodes, and the most recent research directions in this field, specifically, the engineering of silicon architectures, the construction of silicon‐based composites, and other performance‐enhancement studies including electrolytes and binders. The burgeoning research efforts in the development of practical silicon electrodes, and full‐cell silicon‐based LIBs are specially stressed, which are key to the successful commercialization of silicon anodes, and large‐scale deployment of next‐generation high energy density LIBs.     

Recent progress of NiCo2O4-based anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are deemed as the most promising energy storage devices due to their high power density, excellent safety performance and superior cyclability. However, traditional carbon-based anodes are incapable of satisfying the ever-growing demand for high energy density owing to their low intrinsic theoretical capacity. Therefore, the research of post-carbon anodes (such as transition metal) for LIBs has exponentially increased. Among them, NiCo₂O₄ together with its composites have been widely studied by academic workers due to their high theoretical capacity and excellent electronic conductivity. In this review, the electrochemical reaction mechanism and recent progress including the synthetic method, various nanostructures and the strategies for improving performance of NiCo₂O₄ are summarized and discussed here. Specially, the hollow porous nanostructured NiCo₂O₄-based materials composed of 2D structures usually exhibit excellent capacity and stable cyclability. This review also offers some rational understandings and new thinking of the relationship between the synthetic method, morphologies, blending, current collector and electrochemical performance of NiCo₂O₄-based anodes. We have reason to believe that the integration of NiCo₂O₄ materials in these clean energy devices provides important chances to address challenges driven by increasing world energy demand.     

Advanced Matrixes for Binder-Free Nanostructured Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), limited by their insufficient reversible capacity, short cyclability, and high cost, are facing ever-growing requirements for further increases in power capability, energy density, lifespan, and flexibility. The presence of insulating and electrochemically inactive binders in commercial LIB electrodes causes uneven active material distribution and poor contact of these materials with substrates, reducing battery performance. Thus, nanostructured electrodes with binder-free designs are developed and have numerous advantages including large surface area, robust adhesion to substrates, high areal/specific capacity, fast electron/ion transfer, and free space for alleviating volume expansion, leading to superior battery performance. Herein, recent progress on different kinds of supporting matrixes including metals, carbonaceous materials, and polymers as well as other substrates for binder-free nanostructured electrodes in LIBs are summarized systematically. Furthermore, the potential applications of these binder-free nanostructured electrodes in practical full-cell-configuration LIBs, in particular fully flexible/stretchable LIBs, are outlined in detail. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges for such full-cell LIBs based on binder-free nanostructured electrodes are discussed.     

Robust Biomass-Derived Carbon Frameworks as High-Performance Anodes in Potassium-Ion Batteries

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have become one of the promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage that can provide low-cost and high-performance advantages. The poor cyclability and rate capability of PIBs are due to the intensive structural change of electrode materials during battery operation. Carbon-based materials as anodes have been successfully commercialized in lithium- and sodium-ion batteries but is still struggling in potassium-ion battery field. This work conducts structural engineering strategy to induce anionic defects within the carbon structures to boost the kinetics of PIBs anodes. The carbon framework provides a strong and stable structure to accommodate the volume variation of materials during cycling, and the further phosphorus doping modification is shown to enhance the rate capability. This is found due to the change of the pore size distribution, electronic structures, and hence charge storage mechanism. The optimized electrode in this work shows a high capacity of 175 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.2 A g⁻¹ and the enhancement of rate performance as the PIB anode (60% capacity retention with the current density increase of 50 times). This work, therefore provides a rational design for guiding future research on carbon-based anodes for PIBs.     

Recent developments in electrode materials for dual-ion batteries: Potential alternatives to conventional batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), known as “rocking-chair batteries”, have shown a huge success in consumer electronics and energy vehicles. However, the soaring cost caused by the shortage of lithium and cobalt resources as well as the need for ever-higher performance and safety has promoted an urgent need to develop high-efficient battery systems. Dual-ion batteries (DIBs), based on different working mechanism that involves both cations and anions during the charging/discharging processes, are expected to be an alternative to conventional batteries due to their environmental friendliness, low cost, excellent safety, high work voltage, and high energy density. Despite these merits, DIBs also face various challenges from the limited capacity caused by intercalation-type graphite electrodes and shorter cycle life resulted from large anions intercalation and electrolyte decomposition at high voltage. To overcome those challenges, various effective strategies have been adopted and many inspiring results have been also reported. In this review, we briefly outlined the history, mechanism and configuration of DIBs and mainly summarized the recent developments of electrode materials for DIBs, covering inorganic electrode materials and organic electrode materials, along with their application in various metal-based DIBs. Especially, recent studies on organic electrode materials based on so-called DIB working mechanism are also highlighted. In addition, the existing problems and future perspectives are finally proposed. We hope this review will provide some inspiration for researchers to rationally design more efficient electrode materials for more advanced DIB systems.     

MOFs及衍生复合材料在锂硫电池中的设计应用

在能源危机与环境问题日益凸显的背景下,电化学储能技术得到了迅速发展。在“超越锂”储能领域的竞争者中,锂硫电池(Li-S)因其具有高理论比容量、高质量能量密度并且环境友好、价格低廉等优点,成为最有前途的新储能技术。但是,锂硫电池的发展仍存在一些瓶颈问题需要解决,例如正极材料导电性能差、多硫化物穿梭效应及在充放电过程中电极体积膨胀等。作为锂硫电池的关键组成部分,电极和隔膜材料的设计和制备对解决这些问题及电池整体性能提升起到了重要的作用。金属有机骨架(MOFs)及衍生的复合材料作为锂硫电池电极或隔膜修饰材料,具有质量轻、电子和离子传导性好、孔道丰富和活性位点均匀分布等优势。此外,这类复合材料还具备形貌和组分可控、来源丰富和孔径可调等特性,从而便于机制研究。本文全面介绍了锂硫电池组成、工作原理并综述了近几年MOFs及衍生复合材料在锂硫电池中的研究进展,重点讨论了其在正极材料和隔膜材料中的应用,并对未来该材料在锂硫电池研究方向上的前景和突破进行了展望。      

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based composites as electrode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries: A review

The ever-increasing demands for higher energy density and higher power capacity of Li-ion secondary batteries have led to search for electrode materials whose capacities and performance are better than those available today. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), because of their unique 1D tubular structure, high electrical and thermal conductivities and extremely large surface area, have been considered as ideal additive materials to improve the electrochemical characteristics of both the anode and cathode of Li-ion batteries with much enhanced energy conversion and storage capacities. Recent development of electrode materials for LIBs has been driven mainly by hybrid nanostructures consisting of Li storage compounds and CNTs. In this paper, recent advances are reviewed of the use of CNTs and the methodologies developed to synthesize CNT-based composites for electrode materials. The physical, transport and electrochemical behaviors of the electrodes made from composites containing CNTs are discussed. The electrochemical performance of LIBs affected by the presence of CNTs in terms of energy and power densities, rate capacity, cyclic life and safety are highlighted in comparison with those without or containing other types of carbonaceous materials. The challenges that remain in using CNTs and CNT-based composites, as well as the prospects for exploiting them in the future are discussed.