质量功能配置(QFD)的研究及发展

质量功能配置 (QFD)是一种策划、交流、文件说明技术 ,目的是为了确定真正的用户需求 ,以及如何将这些用户需求转变为设计者和生产者所了解的、并能够把握的技术需求 .本文论述了QFD发展过程 ,着重分析了QFD的研究现状 ,并提出了进一步的研究发展方向 .     

运用质量功能展开方法的物流服务质量改进

根据客户对物流供应商的质量反馈信息,对物流企业的访谈和专家调查的意见,提取了可能影响物流服务质量的因素。通过分析这些因素的重要性,剔除了那些影响小的因素,并对保留的因素加权。这样建立了度量物流服务质量的指标体系,并按照质量功能展开的方法形成了质量屋,其建立可以帮助企业有效地改进服务质量。     

A Tutorial on Quality Function Deployment

ABSTRACT

Quality function deployment (QFD) helps to introduce the idea of quality in early phases of the design cycle and to reevaluate quality considerations throughout the system's entire life cycle. This article presents a tutorial example of using QFD to design a product. It shows which quality controls in the manufacturing process are most important to ensure customer satisfaction.     

质量功能展开：评述与展望

ＤＦＤ是一种顾客驱动的产品或服务设计方法论。由于其在质量管理中所处的重要地位,关于ＱＦＤ的研究方兴未艾。本文对９０年代以来ＱＦＤ理论与方法在１０个方面的研究进展进行了评述和分析。在此基础上,提出了值得进一步研究的５个重要方向。     

在电子表格内的质量功能展开

论述在常用的计算机电子表格中进行质量功能展开的方法与步骤,并结合实际例子进行较详细的说明。本文论述了方法和质量屋共同并列为质量功能展开的两种形式,并且在某种程度上具有优越性。     

基于质量功能展开的包裝设计研究

质量功能展开(QFD)是现代质量工程的核心技术之一.介绍了该方法的基本内容,基于质量屋的原理,提出了在包裝设计中运用QFD进行质量控制的方法.通过QFD在包装设计中的应用,使设计过程始终体现顾客和市场的要求,从而提高包装设计的质量.     

基于树形结构的两级质量功能配置模型

对传统质量功能配置模型的缺陷进行了系统的分析,在此基础上提出了一种基于树形结构的两级质量功能配置模型。该模型通过树形结构反映产品开发和系统设计的层次递阶关系,分层动态地反映了产品开发系统的全局,使质量功能配置模型能与产品开发及其过程管理实现有机的结合。     

质量功能展开中关联关系确定的RBF方法

针对质量功能展开中存在顾客需求和工程特性之间的关联关系不确定和模糊等特质,提出了质量功能展开中关联关系的径向基函数(Radial Basis Function,RBF)神经网络方法。采用三层RBF神经网络,由质量屋中顾客需求组成RBF神经网络的输入层神经元,中间层选用高斯核函数,工程特性组成RBF神经网络输出层神经元,由顾客需求和工程特性关联关系评价样本集组成网络的训练样本集,通过网络训练的方式来获得最优的顾客需求与工程特性的关联关系。最后,结合天然光采光产品开发,进行了实例分析,说明该方法具有计算速度快,拟合精度高的特点。     

A Methodology for Applying Quality Function Deployment to the Commissioning Process

Abstract

Commissioning is a quality process used within building construction to verify that the finished project meets the design, construction, and operation and maintenance requirements of the owner. In product development, quality function deployment captures the voice of the customer and translates it into engineering characteristics that are carried into production and service, assuring the final product meets this voice. This article presents a methodology for using a four-phase quality function deployment model within the commissioning process—building upon the foundation known as the house of quality. Practitioners are provided the steps to take this model through each of the phases of commissioning as a means of overseeing the entire design and construction quality process and assuring the final product delivers on all of the customer’s requirements.     

QFD中关联关系确定的正交试验设计方法

顾客需求与工程特性之间关联关系的确定是QFD规划的难点和重点.针对大量数据难以获取的问题,提出确定QFD关联关系的正交试验设计方法.将工程特性作为影响因素,顾客需求作为评价指标,从而看成多因素多指标的试验设计问题.利用方差分析的P值确定工程特性对顾客需求的影响程度,将各工程特性的方差贡献率作为顾客需求与工程特性的关联函数的系数.最后.结合全自动洗衣机开发.进行了实例分析,说明该方法可采用较少量的数据,获得比较满意的结果.     

Quality Function Deployment Implementation in Construction: A Systematic Literature Review

The construction of new buildings represents a significant investment. The goal of new building construction is to maximize value and minimize cost while staying on time and within budget. Translating customer requirements into engineering terms for new construction design is vital for a construction project to be successful. Quality function deployment has been successfully used in product development to capture the voice of the customer and translate it into engineering characteristics. Quality function deployment then carries these parameters into production and service to ensure the voice of the customer is being met with the final product. The house of quality, a tool within quality function deployment, can provide a means for comparison of owner’s project requirements and the proposed design, along with identifying how the design decisions impact meeting customer requirements and green building requirements. Quality function deployment can effectively link the project phases through design and construction and into operations and maintenance to ensure the owner’s project requirements are met with the final building. This research identifies and categorizes studies of quality function deployment applications in construction. The research method used is a systematic literature review from databases related to quality function deployment in the construction industry published in the periodicals through 2016. The principal findings of implementations, practices, and integrated approaches are then summarized. This article intends to propel further research of quality function deployment in the construction sector.     

基于质量功能展开方法的电动自行车设计优先度研究

以质量功能展开方法在新产品开发中的应用为启示,从电动自行车设计角度,阐述了质量功能展开在确定该产品消费者需求与设计属性优先度的方法应用。首先,介绍了质量功能展开方法。进而通过电动自行车消费者需求、设计属性、质量功能展开矩阵分析,建立消费者需求与设计属性排序,从而该产品设计提供改善重点依据。     

A Fuzzy Quality Function Deployment (FQFD) model for deriving optimum targets

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a powerful tool that translates the Voice of the Customer (VoC) into the Engineering Characteristics (ECs), which are those that can be modified in order to meet the desires of the customer. A main objective of QFD is the determination of target values of ECs; however, the conventional QFD aims only empirically at finding these targets, which makes it difficult for the ECs to be optimum. This paper proposes a novel method for determining optimum targets in QFD. Fuzzy numbers are used to represent the imprecise nature of the judgements, and to define more appropriately the relationships between ECs and Customer Attributes (CAs). Constraints such as cost, technical difficulty and market position are considered. An example of a car door is presented to show the application of the method.     

Application of Traditional and Fuzzy Quality Function Deployment in the Product Development Process

It is the nature of problems in quality management to contain elements of uncertainty. The uncertainty of input data is the result of a subjective approach to the interpretation of imprecise information. The aim of this article is to present the application of an effective fuzzification instrument in dealing with different kinds of uncertainty and also the application of natural language to model decision making in quality management. The article shows how the integration of fuzzy logic can assist with the planning of a particular product. First, the traditional Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method was used for the purpose of achieving quality improvement in a boiler (house electric water heater). Second, the QFD method combined with fuzzy logic was used for the same purpose. The preferred quality characteristics were defined using both traditional and fuzzy QFD methods, and results obtained were compared and discussed. The implications of the research for practice and future research are outlined.     

Using Quality Function Deployment to Select the Courses and Topics that Enhance Program Effectiveness

Decision science methods can be effective tools for enhancing organizational participation during strategic and complex decision processes. This involvement promotes development of group consensus for issues as difficult as relating organizational goals and the best methods to achieve them. In an academic context, such a process supports and enhances collegial participation. This paper describes an application of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) decision model to prioritize both courses and course content based on degree of impact on program objectives. The model was developed to quantify curricular decisions involved in restructuring a Masters of Engineering Management degree program. QFD supports selection of the courses and the curricular content that has the highest impact on program goals. The model provides a practical and quantitative methodology for developing faculty consensus in the selection of curricular topics based on a strategic program focus.     

Improving Product Design Using Quality Function Deployment: The School Furniture Case in Developing Countries

This paper presents a quality function deployment (QFD) analysis of the design of school furniture in developing countries, using Costa Rica as the baseline. The dynamic hierarchy process model for QFD was used to help the product development team make effective decisions in satisfying the requirements of the customer constrained by limited resources. A number of total quality management (TQM) tools were employed during the development of the school furniture solution. A dynamic, cross-functional team organization was used. A simple form of quality function deployment was used to identify the desirable product design, safety, and service features.     

Defining Characteristics for Product Development Using Quality Function Deployment: A Case Study on Indian Bikes

The success of the company lies in understanding the customer preferences and tastes and anticipating the changes required in existing or new products being offered. This study uses a heuristic approach to formulate the problem of product development using a combination of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with quality function deployment (QFD) to evaluate the most satisfying design for customer. A case study for selection of a bike has been presented here to illustrate the proposed approach.

The contributions of the article are (a) structuring of the decision problem for assessment of impact of decisions after identification of customer attributes and preferences; (b) assessing strategies to synthesize qualitative and quantitative factors in decision-making, keeping checks on consistency; (c) using the additive synthesis of priorities to accommodate a variety of interactions and transform multidimensional measurements to unidimensional ratio scale; and (d) assessing the impact of the engineering characteristics weights on the priority of the criteria and overall project (v) Validation of the model using case study.     

管理功能配置的概念及其理论构架

在综述现代企业管理思想和方法的基础上,指出了质量功能配置（QFD）的桥梁作用及其局限性。在此前提下提出了管理功能配置（MFD）的概念,并初步探讨了管理功能配置函数、MFD的特性以及其实施方法和步骤等内容,从而初步形成了MFD的理论框架。