基于SPS法B4C/6061Al中子吸收复合材料组织及性能

B₄C中B的同位素¹⁰B具有较大的热中子吸收截面,是良好的中子吸收体。采用放电等离子烧结法（SPS）制备了B₄C体积分数为10%~40%的B₄C/6061Al中子吸收复合材料,对B₄C/6061Al中子吸收复合材料的微观组织形貌及物相组成进行了观察分析,并测试了其拉伸性能。结果表明：B₄C颗粒均匀地分布在6061Al基体中,颗粒尖端放电产生的等离子体能够促进B₄C颗粒/6061Al基体界面结合,材料内部的物相主要有Al、B₄C、AlB₂和Al₃BC。随着B₄C体积分数的增加,B₄C/6061Al中子吸收复合材料的致密度降低,抗拉强度先增加后降低,断裂机制主要为6061Al基体及B₄C颗粒/6061Al基体界面的撕裂。     

B4C增强Al基复合材料的研究进展

综述了当前B4C增强Al基复合材料的研究现状,通过对比不同制备工艺所得复合材料的拉伸强度、硬度、耐磨性能和延伸率等力学性能,总结了粉末冶金法、高能球磨法、无压渗透法、搅拌铸造法以及其他制备技术的优缺点,提出复合材料制备过程中存在的问题及解决方法;此外还介绍了B4C的强化机制;并对B4C增强Al基复合材料未来发展方向和研究重点进行了展望。     

碳含量对反应烧结SiC/B4C力学性能的影响（英文）

采用渗硅反应烧结工艺制备了SiC/B4C复合材料,并研究了碳含量对复合材料的力学性能及微观结构的影响。结果表明,SiC/B4C复合材料的力学性能(硬度、抗弯强度、韧性)随着碳含量的增加呈先增强后减弱的趋势。在碳含量为10vol%的条件下,复合材料的综合性能最佳,其硬度、抗弯强度和韧性分别为19.63 Gpa、358 MPa和3.96 MPa?m1/2。此外,当碳含量不足10vol%,复合材料的组织随碳含量增加均匀性提高;当碳含量超过10vol%,显微组织均匀性变差,并且添加碳粉后,复合材料由沿晶、穿晶混合断裂向穿晶断裂转变,最终导致SiC/B4C复合材料力学性能的改变。     

CF-B4C/Al中子吸收复合材料的微观组织及力学行为

基于B₄C良好的中子吸收性能和碳纤维（CF）慢化中子的性能,采用真空热压烧结方法制备了集结构与功能一体具有不同CF含量的CF-B₄C混合增强6061Al基复合材料,并对热轧后的组织形貌和力学性能进行分析。结果表明,大变形量热轧后B₄C颗粒和CF分布较均匀,没有出现大面积的聚集现象,但是少量B4C颗粒和CF在轧制压力的作用下发生了断裂。当变形量达到60%时,复合材料的抗拉强度可达（265±3） MPa,与6061Al合金的抗拉强度相比,不同厚度的CF-B₄C/Al复合材料的抗拉强度分别提高了80%和112%。随着CF含量的增加,CF-B₄C/Al复合材料的强度和延伸率均减小。当CF含量达到5wt%时,断裂的主要原因是有纤维的聚集及纤维沿断裂方向排布。     

热轧高含量B4C颗粒增强Al基复合材料的成形性能

高含量B₄C (B₄C≥30wt%)颗粒增强Al基(B₄C_P/Al)复合材料具有优异的结构和功能特性,尤其是具有优异的中子吸收性能,在核防护领域被用做屏蔽材料使用。但由于高含量B₄C颗粒的加入,使B₄C_P/Al复合材料变形困难。采用ABAQUS数值模拟方法对不同变形量下B₄C_P/Al复合材料的热轧过程进行数值模拟分析,在480℃温度下对热压烧结的B₄C_P/Al复合材料坯料进行轧制,并对其微观组织和力学性能进行分析。数值模拟结果表明,热轧变形量达到60%以上时,B₄C_P/Al复合材料板材表面中间区域应力较小,侧面应力较大,在板材边缘容易产生残余应力。研究结果表明,随轧制下压量的增加,B₄C_P/Al复合材料中B₄C颗粒分布明显均匀,位错密度增加。当轧制变形量达到70%时,B₄C_P/Al复合材料的屈服强度提高至249.46 MPa,极限抗拉强度提高至299.56 MPa。在拉伸过程中,B₄C颗粒优先断裂,但并未与基体界面脱黏,B₄C颗粒承受了主要载荷,Al基体发生塑性流动,从而提高了B₄C_P/Al复合材料的强度。      

用于反应堆乏燃料贮存和运输的B4C/Al复合材料研究进展

B4C/Al复合材料是一种集结构和功能于一体的中子吸收材料,在反应堆乏燃料贮存和运输领域有着广阔的应用前景.综述了B4C/Al复合材料的主要制备工艺及国内外研究现状,并展望了未来的发展方向,最后指出随着我国核电事业的发展,B4C颗粒增强铝基复合材料将作为研究重点并在辐射屏蔽领域广泛应用.     

增强颗粒尺寸对B4C/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响

用真空热压法制备不同B₄C颗粒尺寸(7μm、14μm、20μm)的15%B₄C/Al-6.5Zn-2.8Mg-1.7Cu复合材料，研究了增强颗粒尺寸对其微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，在这三种复合材料中B₄C颗粒均匀分布，B₄C-Al界面反应较为轻微，未见明显的界面反应产物。三种复合材料基体中沉淀相的尺寸基本相同(约为5.5 nm)。B₄C颗粒的尺寸对复合材料力学性能有较大的影响。B₄C颗粒尺寸为7μm的复合材料性能最佳，屈服强度为648 MPa，抗拉强度为713 MPa，延伸率为3.3%。随着颗粒尺寸的增大复合材料的强度和延伸率均降低。对三种复合材料的强化机制和断裂机制的分析结果表明：小尺寸B₄C颗粒增强的复合材料强度较高，颗粒在变形过程中不易断裂，因此其塑性较好。     

磁控溅射B4C薄膜的制备与力学性能

通过磁控溅射方法在不同基片温度下制备了B4C薄膜,利用傅立叶红外光谱、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜表征了薄膜的微结构,并采用纳牛力学探针测量了薄膜的力学性能.结果表明,室温下制备的B4C薄膜具有很高的硬度(42.5 GPa)和杨氏模量(300 GPa),薄膜呈现非晶或纳米晶特征.随基片温度的提高,薄膜略有晶化,硬度与杨氏模量相应增加到50.4 GPa和420 GPa.     

高能球磨工艺对B4C/Al复合粉体结构演变及分布均匀性的影响

制备B4C增强Al基复合材料存在的难点主要是B4C颗粒在Al基体中的均匀分布及界面结合。本研究采用卧式搅拌高能球磨法制备了B4C/Al复合粉体,研究了搅拌轴转速和球磨时间对B4C/Al复合粉体结构演变及分布均匀性的影响。结果表明,随搅拌轴转速的提高,复合粉体受磨球碰撞时所获能量增大,增强体颗粒瞬间被破碎同时使Al粉发生较大的塑性变形,随球磨时间的延长,破碎的B4C颗粒逐渐在Al基体中分散均匀并与基体焊合,利于粉体实现均匀分布和良好的界面结合。球磨过程中B4C沿颗粒棱边脆性断裂,在Al粉的冷焊变形过程中被嵌入,形成一种片状化的Al粉基体包裹B4C增强相的复合粉体。在搅拌轴转速为600/800r/min(交变转速,交变频率为1min),球磨时间为2h时,B4C/Al复合粉体的粒度得到细化,B4C颗粒在Al基体中分布均匀、界面结合紧密。     

B4C包覆ZTA颗粒增强铁基复合材料制备与性能

ZTA (ZrO₂增韧Al₂O₃)陶瓷颗粒表面包覆B₄C微粉,将其制备成蜂窝状结构陶瓷预制体。采用传统重力浇注工艺将陶瓷预制体与熔融的高铬铸铁(HCCI)金属溶液进行复合,获得ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料。对复合材料中ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强相与高铬铸铁基体之间的界面及复合材料的耐磨料磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明,ZTA陶瓷颗粒与高铬铸铁界面结合处形成了明显的过渡区域,界面过渡区域的存在提高了陶瓷颗粒与金属基体的结合,从而提升了复合材料的整体稳定性能。同时,三体磨料磨损试验表明该复合材料的耐磨料磨损性能是高铬铸铁的3.5倍左右。     

颗粒尺寸对B4C增强铝基中子吸收材料界面反应与力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金真空热压法制备了B₄C质量分数为31%、平均颗粒尺寸分别为6.5 μm、9.3 μm、17.3 μm、28 μm、39.5 μm的纯Al和6061Al基体的复合材料。对复合材料进行微观结构和力学性能检测,结果表明:所有复合材料的B₄C颗粒在基体中都均匀分布,且致密度都达到99%以上;对于纯Al基复合材料,随着颗粒尺寸增加,其致密度和塑性逐渐增加,强度逐渐下降;对于6061Al基复合材料,致密度随着颗粒尺寸的增加稍有降低,其强度和塑性受颗粒尺寸和热压温度共同影响,当热压温度610℃时,界面反应严重,随B₄C颗粒尺寸增加,强度先下降后上升,塑性先上升后下降;当热压温度580℃时,界面反应轻微,复合材料强度逐渐下降,塑性逐渐上升。颗粒尺寸、界面反应和基体材料等均影响B₄C增强铝基复合材料的力学性能。      

Reactive and dense sintering of reinforced-toughened B4C matrix composites

Reactive hot-press (1800-1880 °C, 30 MPa, vacuum) is used to fabricate relatively dense B₄C matrix light composites with the sintering additive of (Al₂O₃ +Y₂O₃). Phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties are determined by methods of XRD, SEM and SENB, etc. These results show that reactions among original powders B₄C, Si₃N₄ and TiC occur during sintering and new phases as SiC, TiB₂ and BN are produced. The sandwich SiC and claviform TiB₂ play an important role in improving the properties. The composites are ultimately and compactly sintered owing to higher temperature, fine grains and liquid phase sintering, with the highest relative density of 95.6%. The composite sintered at 1880 °C possesses the best general properties with bending strength of 540 MPa and fracture toughness of 5.6 MPa m^1/2, 29 and 80% higher than that of monolithic B₄C, respectively. The fracture mode is the combination of transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture. The toughening mechanism is certified to consist of crack deflection, crack bridging and pulling-out effects of the grains.     

Processing of Al/B4C composites by cross-roll accumulative roll bonding

In the present study, Al/B₄C composites were successfully produced in the form of sheets, through accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and cross-roll accumulative roll bonding (CRARB) processes. The CRARB process was performed in two steps. In the first step, the strips were roll-bonded with a draft percentage of 66% reduction, while in the second step the strips were roll-bonded with a draft percentage of 50%. The results indicated that the dispersion of the B₄C particles in the CRARB process is more homogeneous than the ARB process. In addition, the tensile strength of the CRARBed composite is higher than that of the ARBed composite.     

Microstructure and orientation relationships of Mg alloy matrix composite reinforced with SiC whiskers and B4C particles

The microstructure and orientation relationships of ZK60A magnesium alloy matrix composite reinforced with SiC whiskers and B₄C particles have been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy. MgO nanocrystalline particles are formed at SiC/Mg interfaces with a cube-on-cube orientation relationship with SiC whiskers. MgB₂ nanorods are formed near the B₄C particles. Two types of orientation relationships between the SiC whisker and Mg are observed, which are [1¯11]_SiC|| [0001]_Mg and (022¯)_SiC|| (112¯0)_Mg, and [1¯11]_SiC|| [112¯0]_Mg and (022¯)_SiC|| (011¯2)_Mg. Geometrically, [1¯11]_SiC|| [0001]_Mg and (022¯)_SiC|| (112¯0)_Mg is more favorable than [1¯11]_SiC|| [112¯0]_Mg and (022¯)_SiC|| (011¯2)_Mg.     

Reciprocal sliding wear behaviour of B4C particulate reinforced aluminum alloy composites

Aluminum based composites reinforced with B₄C particles were prepared by cryomilling and subsequent hot pressing steps. The cryomilled powders dispersed with 5 wt.% or 10 wt.% B₄C particles were hot pressed under a pressure of 600 MPa at 350 °C. Microstructural studies conducted on the composites indicated that homogeneous distribution of the B₄C particles in the Al matrix and a good interface between them had been achieved. According to the results of reciprocating wear tests carried out by utilizing alumina and steel balls, wear resistance increased with increasing B₄C particle content.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of pulsed electric current sintered B4C-TiB2 composites

Monolithic B₄C, TiB₂ and B₄C-TiB₂ particulate composites were consolidated without sintering additives by means of pulsed electric current sintering in vacuum. Sintering studies on B₄C-TiB₂ composites were carried out to reveal the influence of the pressure loading cycle during pulsed electrical current sintering (PECS) on the removal of oxide impurities, i.e. boron oxide and titanium oxide, hereby influencing the densification behavior as well as microstructure evolvement. The critical temperature to evaporate the boron oxide impurities was determined to be 2000 °C. Fully dense B₄C-TiB₂ composites were achieved by PECS for 4 min at 2000 °C when applying the maximum external pressure of 60 MPa after volatilization of the oxide impurities, whereas a relative density of 95-97% was obtained when applying the external pressure below 2000 °C. Microstructural analysis showed that B₄C and TiB₂ grain growth was substantially suppressed due to the pinning effect of the secondary phase and the rapid sintering cycle, resulting in micrometer sized and homogeneous microstructures. Excellent properties were obtained for the 60 vol% TiB₂ composite, combining a Vickers hardness of 29 GPa, a fracture toughness of 4.5 MPa m^1/2 and a flexural strength of 867 MPa, as well as electrical conductivity of 3.39E+6 S/m.     

Corrosion behaviour of silicon carbide particle reinforced 6061/Al alloy composites

The corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al alloy-SiC_p composites (in as cast and extruded form) have been studied in sea water and acid media. The effects of temperature of both the media and concentration of the acid medium were also investigated. The corrosion behaviour was evaluated using electrochemical technique and corroded specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The studies revealed that corrosion damage of composites exposed to sea water medium was mainly localized in contrast to uniform corrosion observed for base alloy. Further, composites were found to corrode faster than the base alloy even though the attack was mainly confined to the interface, resulting in crevices or pits. This could be attributed to the presence of thin layer of reaction product present at the interface acting as an effective cathode which when continuous would increase the cathode to anode ratio enabling higher localized corrosion. However, the extent of corrosion damage in extruded composites was less possibly due to absence of defects like gas pores in the composites and homogeneity in the distribution of particles. Increase in temperature invariably increased the attack for all the materials studied. This is explained due to the metal dissolution (anodic process) which is governed by the kinetics at that temperature.