MXene材料的结构、性能及在电磁屏蔽领域的应用

MXene是一类具有二维层状结构的过渡金属族碳化物或氮化物,由于具有独特的层状结构、优异的导电性、可调节的活性表面和优异的机械强度,其在二维材料中备受瞩目,并在各领域中都具有很大的应用潜力,特别是用于微波吸收(MA)和电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽.本文从MXene材料的典型结构、性能和主要的合成策略出发,综述和分析了近年来关于MXene材料在电磁屏蔽和吸波领域的研究现状,剖析了其在应用过程中面临的主要问题和进一步发展的瓶颈,最后对MXene材料的发展前景进行了展望.     

MXene纤维的制备、性能及应用研究进展

二维过渡金属碳/氮化物(MXenes)是一种新颖的二维纳米材料,具有优异的电学、力学性能及丰富的表面官能团,在功能材料领域受到了广泛关注,常被作为基元材料构筑宏观复合材料,其中MXene纤维有望成为继石墨烯纤维后另一种结构-功能一体化纤维材料,在多功能织物、传感、能源、电磁屏蔽等领域显示出巨大的应用前景。但目前MXene复合纤维的力学和电学性能与MXene纳米材料本征性能差距较大,主要原因是组装MXene纳米片过程中产生的褶皱、无序结构、界面作用力弱等问题,往往导致MXene纤维内部的孔隙、缺陷存在及纤维外形不规则等。针对MXene纤维研究过程中存在的问题及未来研究方向,本文做了详细综述,首先介绍MXene纤维的制备方法,然后详细阐述MXene复合纤维的力学和电学性能,并讨论提升其性能的策略。同时通过一些实例,综述了MXene复合纤维的应用。最后总结了MXene纤维存在的关键科学问题和挑战,并对MXene纤维的未来发展和前景进行了展望及对未来MXene纤维的研究和应用提供一些帮助。     

MXene/聚合物复合材料的合成及其应用研究进展

MXene是一种新颖的二维层状纳米材料,具有大的比表面积和丰富的表面官能团,与聚合物基体复合可显著改善聚合物基复合材料的性能或拓宽其应用范围,因此得到了广泛的研究.本文简要总结了MXene、MXene/聚合物复合材料的制备方法,并对MXene/聚合物复合材料的力学性能、热学性能、摩擦性能和电磁屏蔽等性能进行了阐述,总结...     

MXene/CNTs复合材料的制备及应用进展

MXene和碳纳米管作为两大低维材料，已被广泛应用于诸多领域。然而MXene材料因其特有的片层结构及丰富的表面官能团，在实际研究中仍与理论值存在较大差距。从MXene材料的特征及制备方法出发，结合现有碳纳米管的研究基础综合讨论了MXene/碳纳米管复合材料从制备到应用的研究进展。MXene材料和碳纳米管进行复合具有更优异的性能，再加上MXene更好的亲水性和良好的分散稳定性，使MXene/CNTs复合材料的制备更加多样化，能够在应变传感、电磁屏蔽、催化、高介电材料、电池和超级电容器电极材料方面具有很大的应用前景。     

二维材料MXene在水处理领域的应用

MXene是一类新兴二维(2D)结构的过渡金属碳/氮化物材料,具有独特的层状结构、亲水性、高导电性和催化活性等特点,在水处理领域受到越来越多的关注.首先介绍了MXene及其合成方法,综述了MXene在吸附、光催化和膜分离等方面的应用.其次讨论了MXene的结构调控、表面改性以及复合等对MXene吸附性能的影响机制和有效异质结的形成、活性晶面的暴露以及贵金属沉积等对MXene基光催化剂催化性能的影响机制;详述了构建高效分离污染物、淡化海水的MXene基分离膜的方法.最后归纳并分析了目前MXene在水处理领域应用中存在的问题,对如何设计性能优异的MXene基水处理材料提出了展望.     

新型二维材料MXene的气敏性能研究进展

MXene是一种新型二维过渡金属碳化物/氮化物。作为二维材料,MXene具有大的比表面积和丰富的表面官能团,表面容易吸附气体分子,且吸附的气体分子会影响材料的导电性能。因此,MXene可以用来作为新型气敏材料。从理论到实验的角度综述各种MXene（Ti₃C₂ MXene、V₂C MXene、Mo₂C MXene等）的气敏性能以及气敏应用,归纳不同MXenes对气体的响应特性,分析MXene的气敏机理,总结MXene作为气敏材料的优势和缺点,展望MXene在气体传感器领域的未来应用前景。     

可用于包装的纤维素基电磁屏蔽材料研究进展

目的 为推动可用于包装的纤维素基电磁干扰(Electromagnetic Interference,EMI)屏蔽材料更深入的研究,综述一些具有包装材料潜质和EMI屏蔽功能的纤维素基薄膜、织物和气凝胶的最新研究进展。方法 主要介绍纤维素基薄膜、织物和气凝胶等3类EMI屏蔽材料的制备方法、EMI屏蔽性能、多功能性和在包装上应用的潜力。结果 当下纤维素基EMI屏蔽材料表现出令人满意的EMI屏蔽效能(EMI Shielding Effectiveness, EMI SE)和力学性能,有望作为包装材料。同时一些材料还显示出抗菌、隔热、抗冲击等特性,使得这些材料能在复杂的场景下应用。结论 通过合理的设计,纤维素基EMI屏蔽材料可拥有优异的EMI屏蔽性能、出色的力学性能和良好的耐用性。归因于上述优势和绿色可降解的特性,这类材料有望在未来取代传统的EMI屏蔽包装材料,然而这些材料通常需要精细的制备工艺,材料的量产和实际应用依然是亟待解决的问题。     

二维MXene材料在超级电容应用的研究进展

二维过渡金属碳/氮化物(MXene)具有类石墨烯的结构,微观上呈现片层状和多种表面基团,因此具有良好的导电性、离子传输和高亲水性能,并且成为超级电容器的理想电极材料。但MXene层与层容易坍塌、堆叠与官能团的存在,不利于作为电极材料的性能。通过热处理、离子插层和与碳复合等方法提高其电化学性能拥有巨大的应用前景。首先总结了MXene材料的制备方法,然后概述了表面改性和结构优化等对MXene超级电容器的电化学性能的影响,展望了MXene材料在超级电容器上的研究前景。     

二维MXene材料在新型薄膜太阳能电池技术中的研究进展

太阳能作为自然界中丰富的可持续清洁能源,可以在解决当前能源短缺问题的同时有效减少因过度消耗化石燃料造成的环境污染问题。近年来,第三代新型薄膜太阳能电池,如染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)和钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)等,凭借其原料丰富、制造成本低廉和光电性能良好等优点而受到广泛关注。然而,新型薄膜太阳能电池器件的电荷传输性能和运行稳定性与正式商用的要求仍有一定差距。二维MXene材料具有比表面积高、表面官能团丰富、导电性优良、功函数可调和亲水性等优点,已成为能源转换领域的研究热点。鉴于此,本文在综述二维MXene材料的结构、光学和电学特性的基础上,阐述了近些年二维MXene材料应用于新型薄膜太阳能电池的研究进展,并重点探讨了二维MXene材料增强太阳能电池光电性能的机制。二维MXene材料可通过作为钙钛矿太阳能电池中钙钛矿层和电荷传输层的添加剂、修饰染料敏化太阳能电池的光电阳极和制备电极,来调整能带对齐、降低功函数、拓宽吸光范围和形成“柱撑效应”,有效改善器件的光吸收效率、载流子迁移率和电荷提取能力,从而提升器件的光电性能和稳定性。最后,结合目前的研究进展,对二维MXene材料在新型薄...     

新型二维纳米材料MXene的制备及在储能领域的应用进展

二维过渡金属碳(氮)化物(MXene)作为一类新型二维纳米材料,自2011年发现以来,由于其优异的物理化学性能得到了广泛研究。MXene除具有传统二维材料的优异性能外,其高的导电性、良好的润滑性及电磁性等特殊性能,已被广泛地应用于能量存储、催化、润滑、电磁屏蔽、传感器、水净化等领域,并取得了一定的效果和进展。本文综述了近年来国内外关于MXene材料的最新研究现状,归纳总结了MXene的结构、性能和制备方法,以及在锂离子电池、超级电容器等领域的相关成果,指出了目前研究存在的短板,并展望了未来的研究方向。     

Scalable Manufacturing of Free-Standing,Strong Ti3C2Tx MXene Films with Outstanding Conductivity

Free-standing films that display high strength and high electrical conductivity are critical for flexible electronics, such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding coatings and current collectors for batteries and supercapacitors. 2D Ti₃C₂T_x flakes are ideal candidates for making conductive films due to their high strength and metallic conductivity. It is, however, challenging to transfer those outstanding properties of single MXene flakes to macroscale films as a result of the small flake size and relatively poor flake alignment that occurs during solution-based processing. Here, a scalable method is shown for the fabrication of strong and highly conducting pure MXene films containing highly aligned large MXene flakes. These films demonstrate record tensile strength up to ≈570 MPa for a 940 nm thick film and electrical conductivity of ≈15 100 S cm⁻¹ for a 214 nm thick film, which are both the highest values compared to previously reported pure Ti₃C₂T_x films. These films also exhibit outstanding EMI shielding performance (≈50 dB for a 940 nm thick film) that exceeds other synthetic materials with comparable thickness. MXene films with aligned flakes provide an effective route for producing large-area, high-strength, and high-electrical-conductivity MXene-based films for future electronic applications.     

Ultrathin Cellulose Nanofiber Assisted Ambient-Pressure-Dried,Ultralight, Mechanically Robust,Multifunctional MXene Aerogels

Ambient-pressure-dried (APD) preparation of transition metal carbide/nitrides (MXene) aerogels is highly desirable yet remains highly challenging. Here, ultrathin, high-strength-to-weight-ratio, renewable cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are efficiently utilized to assist in the APD preparation of ultralight yet robust, highly conductive, large-area MXene-based aerogels via a facile, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, and scalable freezing-exchanging-drying approach. The strong interactions of large-aspect-ratio CNF and MXene as well as the biomimetic nacre-like microstructure induce high mechanical strength and stability to avoid the structure collapse of aerogels in the APD process. Abundant functional groups of CNFs facilitate the chemical crosslinking of MXene-based aerogels, significantly improving the hydrophobicity, water resistance, and even oxidation stability. The ultrathin, 1D nature of the CNF renders the minimal MXenes’ interlayered gaps and numerous heterogeneous interfaces, yielding the excellent conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance of aerogels. The synergies of the MXene, CNF, and abundant pores efficiently improve the EMI shielding performance, photothermal conversion, and absorption of viscous crude oil. This work shows great promises of the APD, multifunctional MXene-based aerogels in electromagnetic protection or compatibility, thermal therapy, and oil-water separation applications.     

Hydrophobic,Flexible, and Lightweight MXene Foams for High‐Performance Electromagnetic‐Interference Shielding

Ultrathin, lightweight, and flexible electromagnetic‐interference (EMI) shielding materials are urgently required to manage increasingly serious radiation pollution. 2D transition‐metal carbides (MXenes) are considered promising alternatives to graphene for providing excellent EMI‐shielding performance due to their outstanding metallic electrical conductivity. However, the hydrophilicity of MXene films may affect their stability and reliability when applied in moist or wet environments. Herein, for the first time, an efficient and facile approach is reported to fabricate freestanding, flexible, and hydrophobic MXene foam with reasonable strength by assembling MXene sheets into films followed by a hydrazine‐induced foaming process. In striking contrast to well‐known hydrophilic MXene materials, the MXene foams surprisingly exhibit hydrophobic surfaces and outstanding water resistance and durability. More interestingly, a much enhanced EMI‐shielding effectiveness of ≈70 dB is achieved for the lightweight MXene foam as compared to its unfoamed film counterpart (53 dB) due to the highly efficient wave attenuation in the favorable porous structure. Therefore, the hydrophobic, flexible, and lightweight MXene foam with an excellent EMI‐shielding performance is highly promising for applications in aerospace and portable and wearable smart electronics.     

Versatile Electronic Textile Enabled by a Mixed-Dimensional Assembly Strategy

Electronic textiles (e-textiles) hold great promise for serving as next-generation wearable electronics owing to their inherent flexible, air-permeable, and lightweight characteristics. However, these e-textiles are of limited performance mainly because of lacking powerful materials combination. Herein, a versatile e-textile through a simple, high-efficiency mixed-dimensional assembly of 2D MXene nanosheets and 1D silver nanowires (AgNWs) are presented. The effective complementary actions of MXene and AgNWs endow the e-textiles with superior integrated performances including self-powered pressure sensing, ultrafast joule heating, and highly efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The textile-based self-powered smart sensor systems obtained through the screen-printed assembly of MXene-based supercapacitor and pressure sensor are flexible and lightweight, showing ultrahigh specific capacitance (2390 mF cm⁻²), robust areal energy density (119.5 µWh cm⁻²), excellent sensitivity (474.8 kPa⁻¹), and low detection limit (1 Pa). Furthermore, the interconnected conductive MXene/AgNWs network enables the e-textile with ultrafast temperature response (10.4 °C s⁻¹) and outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness of ≈66.4 dB. Therefore, the proposed mixed-dimensional assembly design creates a multifunctional e-textile that offers a practical paradigm for next-generation smart flexible electronics.     

Superhigh Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of Ultrathin Aligned Pristine Graphene Nanosheets Film

Ultrathin, lightweight, high-strength, and thermally conductive electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with high shielding effectiveness (SE) are highly desired for next-generation portable and wearable electronics. Pristine graphene (PG) has a great potential to meet all the above requirements, but the poor processability of PG nanosheets hinders its applications. Here, efficient synthesis of highly aligned laminated PG films and nacre-like PG/polymer composites with a superhigh PG loading up to 90 wt% by a scanning centrifugal casting method is reported. Due to the PG-nanosheets-alignment-induced high electrical conductivity and multiple internal reflections, such films show superhigh EMI SE comparable to the reported best synthetic material, MXene films, at an ultralow thickness. An EMI SE of 93 dB is obtained for the PG film at a thickness of ≈100 µm, and 63 dB is achieved for the PG/polyimide composite film at a thickness of ≈60 µm. Furthermore, such PG-nanosheets-based films show much higher mechanical strength (up to 145 MPa) and thermal conductivity (up to 190 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) than those of their MXene counterparts. These excellent comprehensive properties, along with ease of mass production, pave the way for practical applications of PG nanosheets in EMI shielding.     

仿生构筑超薄MXene/CNC电磁屏蔽复合薄膜

高强电磁屏蔽薄膜材料在柔性器件、汽车电子和航空航天等领域具有广泛应用前景, 受珍珠母微纳米结构及其优异机械性能的启发, 利用简单的溶液共混及真空抽滤方法, 将纤维素纳米晶(CNC)和MXene混合, 经层层组装制备了高性能MXene基复合薄膜。结果表明: 薄膜的机械性能有了显著提高, 拉伸强度从18 MPa提高到57 MPa, 韧性从70 kJ/m ³提高到313 kJ/m ³, 同时保留了复合薄膜的高电导率(10 ⁴ S/m)和优异的电磁屏蔽性能, 厚度8 μm时可达40 dB以上。     

Emerging MXene-Based Flexible Tactile Sensors for Health Monitoring and Haptic Perception

Due to their potential applications in physiological monitoring, diagnosis, human prosthetics, haptic perception, and human–machine interaction, flexible tactile sensors have attracted wide research interest in recent years. Thanks to the advances in material engineering, high performance flexible tactile sensors have been obtained. Among the representative pressure sensing materials, 2D layered nanomaterials have many properties that are superior to those of bulk nanomaterials and are more suitable for high performance flexible sensors. As a class of 2D inorganic compounds in materials science, MXene has excellent electrical, mechanical, and biological compatibility. MXene-based composites have proven to be promising candidates for flexible tactile sensors due to their excellent stretchability and metallic conductivity. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to the development of MXene-based composites for flexible sensor applications. In this paper, the controllable preparation and characterization of MXene are introduced. Then, the recent progresses on fabrication strategies, operating mechanisms, and device performance of MXene composite-based flexible tactile sensors, including flexible piezoresistive sensors, capacitive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, triboelectric sensors are reviewed. After that, the applications of MXene material-based flexible electronics in human motion monitoring, healthcare, prosthetics, and artificial intelligence are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for MXene-based tactile sensors are summarized.     

MXene基水凝胶复合材料的研究进展

MXenes是一类新型二维纳米片,随着MXenes材料的迅速发展,近年来,兴起了一种新型材料,即MXene基水凝胶复合材料,其在生物医学、能源、电磁干扰屏蔽、传感器等方面均具有广泛的应用前景。但目前MXene基水凝胶复合材料的制备和应用仍处于起步阶段。本文主要回顾MXene基水凝胶复合材料的最新进展,详细梳理MXene基水凝胶复合材料的制备方法,并重点介绍其潜在应用前景。最后,针对MXene基水凝胶复合材料领域中所面临的机遇和挑战进行展望。      

Strong Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Composite Films Fabricated through Bioinspired Bridging for Flexible Energy Storage Devices

Flexible energy storage device is one of the most critical components as power source for wearable electronics. The emergence of MXenes, a growing family of 2D nanomaterials, has demonstrated a brand-new possibility for flexible energy storage. However, the fabrication of MXene films with satisfactory mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical reliabilities remains challenging due to the weak interlayer interactions and self-restacking of MXene sheets. Sequential bridging of polydopamine/polyethyleneimine-functionalized (PDA/PEI)-coated MXene sheets to induce synergistically covalent and hydrogen binding connections of MXene-based films is demonstrated here. By interrupting self-hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions, the introduction of long-chain PEI can not only inhibit the massive aggregation of PDA, but also improve the continuity of the interconnection network of PDA/PEI between MXene layers. Hence, the as-prepared MXene/PDA/PEI composite film displays high mechanical strength (≈366 MPa) which achieves 12-fold improvement compared with pure MXene film, as well as superior energy storage capability (≈454 F g⁻¹ at 5 mV s⁻¹) and rate performance of ≈48% at 10 000 mV s⁻¹. This modulation of inserted polymer between MXene layers can provide an avenue for assembling high performance MXene films, and can even be extended to the fabrication of other 2D platelets for varied applications.     

Electromagnetic Shielding of Monolayer MXene Assemblies

Miniaturization of electronics demands electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of nanoscale dimension. The authors report a systematic exploration of EMI shielding behavior of 2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene assembled films over a broad range of film thicknesses, monolayer by monolayer. Theoretical models are used to explain the shielding mechanism below skin depth, where multiple reflection becomes significant, along with the surface reflection and bulk absorption of electromagnetic radiation. While a monolayer assembled film offers ≈20% shielding of electromagnetic waves, a 24-layer film of ≈55 nm thickness demonstrates 99% shielding (20 dB), revealing an extraordinarily large absolute shielding effectiveness (3.89 × 10⁶ dB cm² g⁻¹). This remarkable performance of nanometer-thin solution processable MXene proposes a paradigm shift in shielding of lightweight, portable, and compact next-generation electronic devices.