碳纤维3D机织预制体弯曲性能

异形结构复合材料构件成型过程中,其内部纤维预制体往往发生显著的宏观变形。预制体的弯曲性能对褶皱缺陷的形成和演化有着决定性影响。采用三点弯曲法对碳纤维3D机织预制体进行了测试,利用Micro-CT技术研究了预制体的微细观变形机制,分析了经纱密度和纬纱密度对预制体弯曲性能的影响规律。结果发现：3D机织预制体的临界弯曲能量随着组织点密度的增加大致呈线性增大的趋势。预制体弯曲变形主要由经纱屈曲度变化、局部压缩屈曲和经纬纱层间滑移等微细观变形构成。     

变截面三维编织复合材料的净形制备及弯曲性能

介绍变截面三维编织预型件的减纱净形制备工艺,通过实验观察与理论建模相结合的方法,分析减纱对预型件细观结构的影响,对比整列减纱、行单元减纱与切削复合材料在变截面区域的弯曲性能。结果表明表面与内部减纱单元是减纱时的基本单位,保证编织规律不变是减纱工艺的基本原则;表面或内部单元减掉后分别会形成两组特殊的纱线轨迹,其中一组纱线的长度与编织角大小较不减纱时增大,而另一组纱线只改变编织角的方向;行单元减纱与整列减纱复合材料的弯曲性能均明显优于切削试件,且行单元减纱试件的弯曲性能比整列减纱试件略高。     

不平衡2.5D碳纤维机织预制体偏轴拉伸性能

通过偏轴拉伸实验研究了因纱线细度变化而引起的不平衡2.5D碳纤维机织预制体（2.5D CFWPs）的面内剪切变形性能,实验材料包括4组不平衡2.5D CFWPs试样和1组平衡2.5D CFWPs试样。观察了不平衡2.5D CFWPs试样的典型宏观变形形貌和细观结构变化;对比了不平衡试样和平衡试样的剪切角和拉伸载荷变化;通过归一化处理,详细分析了纱线细度对预制体面内剪切变形的影响。结果表明:不平衡2.5D CFWPs试样典型变形形貌呈左右不对称形态,且纱线呈“S”型或“Z”型抽拔;经纬纱细度组合为792 tex×396 tex （表示经纱细度为792 tex,纬纱细度为396 tex）和396 tex×792 tex的不平衡2.5D CFWPs试样的偏轴拉伸性能基本相同,另两组不平衡试样（经纬纱细度组合为198 tex×792 tex和792 tex×198 tex）的偏轴拉伸性能也基本相同;平衡试样的拉伸载荷明显大于不平衡试样,在达到剪切锁紧后,平衡试样载荷快速上升,不平衡试样载荷上升缓慢;对拉伸载荷归一化处理后,剪切角小于20.81°时,5组2.5D CFWPs试样剪切力基本相同,在20.81°~30.02°时,4组不平衡试样剪切力基本相同。      

2.5D机织复合材料的渐进损伤与失效模拟

为了研究典型2.5D机织复合材料的压缩性能,开展了复合材料单胞结构的经向和纬向压缩实验,并通过对材料编织结构的细观表征,建立了细观尺度的单胞有限元模型来模拟压缩载荷下单胞内部的变形及渐进失效过程.结果 表明,2.5D机织复合材料在受压时表现出明显的非线性力学响应,材料沿经向的压缩模量和强度均高于纬向;经向压缩时材料的主...     

Interface fracture toughness of a multi-directional woven composite

The aim of this investigation is to measure the interface fracture toughness of a woven composite. For this purpose, double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens are tested to measure the load as the delamination grows. The specimen is composed of 15 layers of a carbon–epoxy, balanced weave with alternate layers containing fibers in the $0^{\circ }\!/90^{\circ }$ 0 ° / 90 ° directions and the $+45^{\circ }\!/\!\!-\!45^{\circ }$ + 45 ° / - 45 ° directions. A thin piece of Teflon is placed between two layers of differing directions. The specimens are analyzed by means of the finite element method and an interaction energy or $M$ M -integral to determine the stress intensity factors, interface energy release rate and phase angles. The first term of the asymptotic solution for the stress and displacement fields obtained by means of the Stroh and Lekhnitskii formalisms is used to define auxiliary solutions for the $M$ M -integral. The critical interface energy release rate is found and exhibits a slowly increasing resistance curve. Comparisons are made to a simple expression from the literature.     

基于细观结构的2.5维机织复合材料强度预测模型

采用经纱矩形截面及纬纱六边形截面假设,将经纱的屈曲轨迹简化为折线形式,建立了2.5维机织复合材料单胞几何模型。以单胞为研究对象,引入改进的三维Hashin失效准则和Mises准则作为组分材料的失效判据,采用不同的刚度退化方式来表征不同的失效模式,建立了基于逐渐损伤理论的强度预测模型。利用有限元分析（FEA）技术,开发了相应的参数化2.5维机织复合材料逐渐损伤分析程序,预测了浅交弯联结构不同机织参数2.5维机织复合材料的拉伸强度,并模拟了经向拉伸和纬向拉伸的损伤扩展过程。与静拉伸试验结果相比,拉伸强度的预测误差在10%以内;模拟的失效模式与试验结果吻合较好。     

2.5D机织复合材料压缩性能实验与数值模拟

为了研究2.5D机织复合材料的压缩损伤和失效机制,验证双尺度渐进损伤有限元数值模拟方法的有效性,对这类复合材料分别沿经纱方向和纬纱方向进行了准静态压缩实验,获得了其相应的应力-应变曲线,并测定了材料的初始弹性模量和极限强度。在此基础上,利用双尺度渐进损伤有限元数值方法模拟分析了材料的压缩应力-应变响应和损伤演化行为,取得了与实验吻合较好的模拟结果。结果表明:2.5D机织复合材料在纬向压缩下的主要失效模式是纬纱的轴向压溃与断裂,可获得相对较高的压缩强度;但在经向压缩下,经纱因弯曲会承受附加弯矩作用,从而对周围基体造成挤压,故在经纱轴向断裂之前容易出现经纱之间基体的压溃和纱线之间的分层开裂,使强度降低,不利于发挥纤维的承载优势。     

压边力对非平衡平纹机织物预制体成型作用规律

为研究压边力对非平衡玻璃纤维平纹机织物预制体铺覆成型的作用规律,针对非平衡平纹机织物在成型过程中的大变形特征,基于非正交材料本构,建立织物面内材料变形本构模型;同时考虑面外弯曲刚度,结合壳单元,建立织物的膜(面内变形)-壳(面外变形)双层模型;利用商业有限元软件ABAQUS,结合实验方法,研究织物在不同压边力条件下的成...     

Contrast enhancement in visualisation of woven composite architecture using a MicroCT Scanner. Part 2: Tow and preform coatings

MicroCT scanning is a non-destructive method which was used to visualise tow architecture in woven composites, with the ultimate goal of three-dimensional model generation. It is difficult to discriminate between elements of carbon-fibre composites using MicroCT, particularly the region between co-aligned neighbouring tows. Methods used to facilitate visualisation by enhancing contrast during scanning were discussed in part one [Djukic LP, Herszberg I, Walsh WR, Schoeppner GA, Prusty BG, Kelly DW. Contrast enhancement in visualisation of woven composite tow architecture using a MicroCT Scanner. Part 1: fabric coating and resin additives. Compos Part A 2009;40:553–65.]. In order to improve upon these methods, tows were coated in a material of higher density and subsequently woven into a fabric. The most successful coatings were found to be gold and iodine. Adequate visualisations of glass tows were possible without contrast enhancement. These methods can be combined to allow multiple levels of contrast within a sample, as demonstrated with a three-dimensional woven preform. Three-dimensional reconstructions of interior tow architectures were made from the scans of contrast enhanced specimens.     

Characterisation of 3D woven composite internal architecture and effect of compaction

Yarn waviness and resin rich regions play a major role in 3D woven composite mechanical properties and failure. A detailed study of two angle interlock 3D woven carbon fabrics has been carried out to characterise these architectural features and how they change under increasing levels of compaction. Computerised tomography (CT) X-ray scanning was used to capture the internal architecture of the fabrics. The study focussed on the out-of-plane crimp of the yarns and the size and shape of resin rich regions in consolidated panels. Results showed areas of high local crimp at weft/weaver interlace points. This was exacerbated at low levels of compaction but was eventually lowered under higher compaction levels. The appearance of resin channels was found to be heavily dependent on weave style, with large resin pockets appearing in weaver yarn planes which decreased significantly in size under compaction with distinctive changes in profile.     

2.5维机织复合材料经向拉伸弹性模量预测与试验验证

采用沿经向切片积分的方法计算2.5维机织复合材料的宏观经向拉伸弹性模量,与试验结果和传统的体积平均合成方法进行了对比,分析表明,本文中的方法能够有效提高传统体积平均法的预测精度.利用文中的方法分析了2.5维机织复合材料沿在机织循环过程中的经向拉伸弹性模量分布情况,并且对相关机织结构的2.5维机织复合材料进行了试验研究.研究发现,经纱弯曲程度较小的直联结构和添加平直经纱的衬经结构能够有效提高2.5维机织复合材料的经向拉伸弹性模量,并且能够改善经向拉伸应力-应变曲线的非线性.     

2.5维机织复合材料经向拉伸弹性模量预测与试验验证

采用沿经向切片积分的方法计算2.5维机织复合材料的宏观经向拉伸弹性模量, 与试验结果和传统的体积平均合成方法进行了对比, 分析表明, 本文中的方法能够有效提高传统体积平均法的预测精度。利用文中的方法分析了2.5维机织复合材料沿在机织循环过程中的经向拉伸弹性模量分布情况, 并且对相关机织结构的2.5维机织复合材料进行了试验研究。研究发现, 经纱弯曲程度较小的直联结构和添加平直经纱的衬经结构能够有效提高2.5维机织复合材料的经向拉伸弹性模量, 并且能够改善经向拉伸应力-应变曲线的非线性。