碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料研究进展

近年来,碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料（CFRTP）,尤其是碳纤维/聚醚醚酮（CF/PEEK）复合材料以其优异的综合性能受到了大量关注。高性能碳纤维/聚醚醚酮复合材料具有强度大、韧性好、使用温度高等诸多优点,在航空航天、机械、电气、汽车工业和生物工程等领域得到了广泛的应用。针对近年的研究热点,对碳纤维/聚醚醚酮复合材料在界面性能、力学性能、生物相容性、成型工艺、失效机理等方面的研究进展进行了综述,为材料的制备技术研究及产业化应用奠定基础。      

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的制备与性能

通过高温模压方法,制备了碳纤维/聚醚醚酮(CF/PEEK)复合材料。采用差示扫描量热、热失重、弯曲测试、拉伸测试、扫描电子显微镜等分析方法对制品热学性能和力学性能进行了分析。分析结果表明,制备CF/PEEK复合材料的最佳工艺参数为:成型温度380℃~390℃,停留时间30 min,保温保压30 min、2 MPa~3 MPa,后期保压压力4 MPa~5MPa,保压时间3 h。复合材料制品弯曲强度达到1783 MPa,分解温度达578℃,表明其具有优良的力学性能和热稳定性。     

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的形状记忆效应

为推动形状记忆聚合物在空间等极端恶劣环境中的应用,以超薄碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(Carbon fibers reinforced polyether-ether-ketone,CF/PEEK)预浸料为实验对象,采用薄膜叠层与热压成型工艺制备厚度为0.036 mm超薄预浸料的层合片材,研究了其在热应力驱动下的形状记忆行为。结果表明,在320℃加热-冷却热循环温度场的作用下,CF/PEEK复合材料超薄层合板的初始变形的形状回复率近似可达100%,当变形循环达到100次时,其形状回复率仍然可以保持在90%以上。此外,根据层合板变形的温度与应力-应变关系,解释了CF/PEEK复合材料的热应力驱动变形机制。在此基础上,改变CF/PEEK层合板厚度进行仿真设计,实现了初始状态与深海珊瑚形状、立方体、灯笼草形状之间的变形与回复。利用记忆变形产生的机械夹紧力,完成了硬币抓取实验,验证了CF/PEEK复合材料在主动变形结构应用的可行性。      

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料滑动摩擦转移膜的ESCA研究

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮在滑动时形成的转移膜对其摩擦这性能有重要影响、本文对此转移膜进行了Ｘ射线光电子能谱化学分析，表明，与纯聚醚醚酮和聚醚醚酮＋聚四氟乙烯相比，碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮形成的转移膜最薄，连续性与均匀性最好，因此其摩擦学生能最好。转移膜的成份沿着其深度方向发生变化，表明此膜中石墨和聚四氟乙烯存在着优先转移。     

碳纤维复合材料导热系数研究

本文提出碳纤维复合材料X、Y、Z三方向的试样制备方法以及试验方法,并对不同树脂、铺层、纤维体积含量等对碳纤维复合材料的导热系数的影响程度作出初步的结论。     

碳纤维／聚醚醚酮复合材料界面的强相互作用

利用Ｘ光电子能谱和Ｒａｍａｎ光谱研究了碳纤维／聚醚醚酮复合材料的界面结构，揭示了纤维和聚合物间存在着强相互作用：对树脂覆碳纤维结构的研究表明，聚合物的熔融促进这种强相互作用的形成，该作用涉及醚醚酮链段向共面构象的转变。     

导热型碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料的研究进展

综述了导热型连续碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CFRP)的研究与应用现状和进展,阐述了CFRP的声子导热和光子导热机理,介绍了不同铺层角度和铺层比的CFRP面内和厚度方向热导率计算模型及测试方法,分析了环氧树脂、氰酸酯、双马来酰亚胺等3类树脂体系和聚丙烯腈基(PAN)碳纤维、中间相沥青基碳纤维、气相生长碳纤维、碳纳米管纤维等4类增强体以及工艺方法等因素对CFRP热导率的影响。     

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料滑动摩擦转移膜的性能

通过摩擦实验及Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析研究了碳纤维增强聚醚酮滑动时形成的转移膜的摩擦性能,结果表明,与纯聚醚醚酮和聚醚醚酮＋聚四氟乙烯相比,碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮材料形成的转移膜薄,连续性均匀性好,因此其摩擦学性能好。     

碳纤维感应元件厚度对碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料感应焊接接头力学性能及断裂形式的影响

利用碳纤维织物与树脂薄膜制备了0.2 mm、0.3 mm与0.5 mm 3种不同厚度的碳纤维感应元件,并开展碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite,CFRTP)感应焊接建模仿真与工艺试验。观察CFRTP感应焊接接头成形形貌,开展接头拉伸剪切强度测试与断口形貌分析,着重探究感应元件厚度对接头力学性能与断裂形式的影响。研究结果表明：碳纤维感应元件能在不引入异质材料的前提下实现CFRTP的高质量感应焊接,但接头界面温度分布具有明显的不均匀性;随着感应元件厚度的增加,过量的树脂会降低接头的成形效果、连接质量与力学性能,同时界面的有效连接面积也随之减小;当感应元件厚度为0.2 mm时,焊接接头的拉伸剪切强度最高可达23.77 MPa;焊接接头的断裂形式包括感应元件内聚破坏、母材表层自破坏、界面破坏和混合破坏,造成接头失效的断裂机制根据感应元件厚度的改变而发生变化。     

导热改性碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料的力-热特性

借助钉扎的方法制备了一种掺杂铜柱的三相碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料,以提高其厚度方向的导热性能。在传统混合定律模型的基础上,考虑钉扎铜柱的特征长度与排布形式的影响,提出了一种改进的理论模型来预报该新型三相复合材料的导热性能,并探讨了导热改性对其力学性能的影响。结果表明,改进的理论预报模型对这种三相复合材料导热性能的预报更为准确,尤其是在钉扎铜柱体积分数较小时。在研究范围内,这种钉扎方法导热改性效果明显,力-热综合性能较好。复合材料导热性能随着钉扎铜柱体积分数的提高而增加,且增加速率不断提高,这主要源于铜柱间热影响区的产生;复合材料拉伸性能及层间剪切性能随着钉扎铜柱体积分数的增加而降低,且降低速率不断减小。当钉扎铜柱体积分数相同时,钉扎铜柱的特征长度与排布形式对复合材料导热性能与拉伸性能及层间剪切性能的影响不大。材料失效主要以钉扎孔位置挤压开裂破坏占主导,钉扎体与基体界面间的自然连接性能较弱,预计通过金属镀铜法加以改善,并可进一步提升复合材料力-热一体化特性。     

The effect of thermal ageing on carbon fibre-reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK)

The morphological properties of carbon fibre-reinforced PEEK (APC-2) laminates subjected to long-term thermal ageing and cycling treatments have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction techniques. This work sought provided a structural explanation for measured changes in mechanical properties. Annealing at 120 ° had no effect but significant changes in crystal content and crystal perfection occurred at 250 ° and 310 °C. At 250 °C, for short ageing periods, both crystal growth and perfection processes were observed. For longer ageing periods, there was a multiple increase in capital perfection. Initial ageing at 310 °C caused rapid crystal growth, but further ageing resulted in a reduction in measured crystal contents due to thermal degradation.     

The effect of thermal ageing on carbon fibre-reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK)

The static and dynamic mechanical properties of carbon fibre-reinforced PEEK (APC-2) laminates subjected to long-term thermal ageing and cycling treatments have been studied using three-point bend flexure tests. Results are discussed with respect to morphological changes and degradation analysis. S/N curves were modelled using fatigue modulus degradation data. Ageing laminates at high temperatures, for long time periods, between the glass transition temperature, T _g, and the melting temperature, T _m, caused a significant reduction in mechanical properties. However, for short ageing periods, a crystal-perfection process occurs which enhanced the low stress level fatigue resistance of both laminate geometries.     

碳纤维增强PEEK树脂基复合材料的单轴时相关循环特性实验研究

通过对碳纤维/PEEK复合材料(纤维体积分数30%)的单调拉伸、 应力控制循环、 应变控制循环实验, 对该材料的应力、 应变循环特性以及棘轮行为的率相关、 时相关特性进行了系统的研究。研究表明: 与PEEK树脂基体材料相比, 加入碳纤维使材料的抗蠕变性能有所提高。在应变控制循环实验中, 响应应力幅值与应变加载速率和应变加载幅值密切相关; 在应力松弛效应的影响下, 响应应力幅值随着应变峰值保持时间的增加而减小。室温下, 碳纤维/PEEK复合材料在非对称应力循环中产生明显的棘轮应变, 并且对加载应力幅值和平均应力具有明显的依赖性, 此外, 当在较低的加载速率和具有一定峰值保持时间情况下, 棘轮应变显著增强。      

基于宏观各向异性碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的切削仿真

为了对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料切削加工过程中的基体破坏及亚表层损伤机制进行研究,借助数值仿真方法建立了基于宏观各向异性的复合材料正交切削有限元模型。采用Hashin-Damage失效准则,通过定义纤维拉伸断裂、压缩屈曲极限应力及基体横向拉伸断裂、剪切断裂极限应力等数值,建立了复合材料切削加工动态物理仿真模型。通过切削力仿真值与实验值的比较,验证了仿真模型的有效性。通过对0°和90°纤维方向复合材料基体开裂和压溃的分析发现,当进入稳定切削后,基体开裂方向与纤维方向平行,而基体的压溃主要发生在刀尖周围。分析了纤维方向对复合材料亚表面损伤深度的影响,随着纤维方向角度的增加,工件亚表面裂纹损伤深度呈增长趋势。     

Fabrication and characterization of carbon fiber reinforced clay/epoxy composite

In this study, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and flexural tests were performed on unfilled, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt% clay filled SC-15 epoxy to identify the effect of clay weight fraction on thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy matrix. The flexural results indicate that 2.0 wt% clay filled epoxy showed the highest improvement in flexural strength. DMA studies also revealed that 2.0 wt% system exhibit the highest storage modulus and T _g as compared to neat and other weight fraction. However, TGA results show that thermal stability of composite is insensitive to the clay content. Based on these results, the nanophased epoxy with 2 wt% clay was then utilized in a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding set up with carbon fabric to fabricate laminated composites. The effectiveness of clay addition on thermal and mechanical properties of composites has been evaluated by TGA, DMA, tensile, flexural, and fatigue test. 5 °C increase in glass transition temperature was found in nanocomposite, and the tensile and flexural strengths improved by 5.7 and 13.5 %, respectively as compared to the neat composite. The fatigue strength was also improved significantly. Based on the experimental result, a linear damage model combined with the Weibull distribution function has been established to describe static failure processing of neat and nanophased carbon/epoxy. The simulated stress–strain curves from the model are in good agreement with the test data. Simulated results show that damage processing of neat and nanophased carbon/epoxy described by bimodal Weibull distribution function.     

碳纤维增强复合材料层合板Lamb波衰减特性研究

为提取适用于碳纤维增强复合材料层合板声发射故障诊断的模态信号,利用三维弹性理论及传递矩阵法获得Lamb波的频散曲线。以碳纤维增强复合材料层合板为研究对象搭建实验平台,改变断铅激励位置从而获得不同声发射信号。对采集的声发射信号进行小波尺度谱分析,结合频散曲线分离出不同模式的Lamb波,分别研究其不同频率的幅度及能量衰减特性。实验结果表明,较其它信号,低频率S0波幅度信号衰减速度较低,对碳纤维增强复合材料层合板的声发射故障诊断研究具有较大优势。     

碳纤维增强聚苯硫醚复合材料激光加热原位成型过程中的温度场

连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料（Thermoplastic Composite,TPC）自动铺放（Automated Fiber Placement,AFP）可以实现铺层原位成型,因此在制造大型结构件、降低加工成本及提升生产效率方面潜力巨大。原位成型过程中铺层温度场分布对复合材料构件成型质量具有较大影响,且激光加热过程中又涉及激光能量场与预浸料吸收光能后产生的温度场之间相互耦联,机理复杂,因此结合传热模型,通过有限元模拟仿真研究激光辅助加热自动铺放成型连续碳纤维增强聚苯硫醚（CF/PPS）复合材料过程中铺层经历的温度历程。同时构建铺层温度场测量系统,对铺层经历的温度历程进行实时采集和存储。研究结果表明,铺放过程中黏合区域前方存在激光辐照阴影区,使压辊下方黏合区域的温度急剧下降;随着铺放速度的增加,黏合区域峰值温度逐渐降低,且成型速度越快,铺层间黏合区域峰值温度差越小,而热电偶测量结果与仿真结果相差越大;随着激光输出功率的增大,铺层峰值温度逐渐升高;为提高原位成型效率,当激光输出功率选择最大6kW时,最大铺放速度为0.75 m/s。通过对比,试验结果中的峰值温度与仿真模拟结果变化趋势相近,证明了有限元仿真模型的正确性。      

Electrophoretic deposition of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and PEEK/Bioglass® coatings on NiTi shape memory alloy wires

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and PEEK/Bioglass® coatings were produced on shape memory alloy (NiTi, Nitinol®) wires using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Best results were achieved with suspensions of PEEK powders in ethanol in the range (1–6 wt%), using a deposition time of 5 minutes and applied voltage of 20 Volts. EPD using these parameters led to high quality PEEK coatings with a homogeneous microstructure along the wire length and a uniform thickness of up to 15 μm without development of cracks or the presence of large voids. Suspensions of PEEK powders in ethanol with addition of Bioglass® particles (0.5–2 wt%) (size < 5 μm) were used to produce PEEK/Bioglass® coatings. Sintering was carried out as a post EPD process in order to densify the coatings and to improve the adhesion of the coatings to the substrate. The sintering temperature was 340 °C, sintering time 20 min and heating rate 300 °C/h. Sintering led to uniform and dense PEEK and PEEK/Bioglass® coatings without any cracks. The bioactive behaviour of PEEK/Bioglass® composite coatings was investigated by immersion in acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to two weeks. As expected, hydroxyapatite crystals formed on the surface of the coated wires after 1 week in SBF, confirming the bioactive character of the coatings. The results have demonstrated for the first time that EPD is a very convenient method to obtain homogeneous and uniform bioactive PEEK and PEEK/Bioglass® coatings on Nitinol® wires for biomedical applications.     

Strength analysis on hybrid welding interface of polymer and short carbon fiber reinforced composite

Journal of Materials Science - Thermal welding is commonly used in polymer composite pipeline, and the strength of the polymer welding joint remains a weak link. Short carbon fiber (SCF) is used to...