数字图像水印嵌入和提取的平稳小波变换方法

提出一种基于离散平稳小波变换的变换域的数字图像水印嵌入和提取算法。本算法先将数字水印图像进行置乱变换(Arnold变换),然后将置乱后的水印图像嵌入到平稳小波变换后的图像中,最后将提取出的水印图像进行Arnold反置乱变换得到原始水印图像。由于本算法选择了合适的水印嵌入位置,实验结果表明,该算法不但使水印具有很好的不可见性,而且所嵌入的水印对一般的图像处理如噪声、滤波、旋转、压缩等有很强的鲁棒性。     

模糊集阈值分割水印算法

近年来出现了大量的变换数字水印算法,特别是基于小波变换的数字水印算法,而其中大部份算法或者把水印嵌入在小波低频系数,或者嵌入在中频域系数。本文将根据灰度特征对水印图像进行阈值化分割,然后同时分别嵌入到原始图像小波变换后的低频以及中频系数,并根据视觉系统的照度掩蔽等特性实现强度自适应调节的水印嵌入。另外引入最佳置乱度方法,对水印进行二维混沌映射的最佳置乱度置乱,达到提高水印抗剪切攻击能力的目的。     

基于图像置乱预处理的小波域盲水印系统

在基于小波域的盲水印系统中，由于小波变换的局部性，致使水印的嵌入可能会给原始图像带来类似于图像压缩中产生的“块效应”。为了在保持强度不变的前提下进一步提高水印的不可视性，提出了一种基于图像置乱预处理的小波域盲水印算法，即先将原始图像置乱，而后再将水印嵌入到图像小波域中，以达到将水印所引入的“块效应”化整为零地分布到图像的不同部分的目的，从而在很大程度上提高了水印视觉上的“不可感知性”。试验证明，这种算法是有效的。另外，经过置乱操作的图像，小波变换后得到的小波高频系数服从高斯分布，这就使得线性相关检测在这个水印系统中能够达到最优。     

一种基于小波变换的鲁棒数字图像水印

提出了一种基于小波变换的鲁棒数字图像水印算法。该算法首先对水印信息进行置乱以降低空间相关性,然后把原始图像进行三级小波变换。并将水印信息嵌入到原始图像的低频子带中,最后经三级小波反变换得到嵌入水印后的图像。实验结果表明,该算法具有较强的鲁棒性。     

一种基于正交分解的离散小波域水印方案

提出一种基于QR分解的小波域图像水印算法,是将水印信息矩阵做QR分解并嵌入到做离散小波变换后的载体图像的两个特殊的区域.首先将原始图像进行归一化处理后做离散小波变换,并计算出嵌入区域的嵌入强度;再将水印按照密钥进行置乱;然后再对置乱后的信息做正交分解,得到两个正交矩阵;分别将这两个正交矩阵使用加性规则自适应地嵌入到小波变换域的低频和对角方向上;最后小波逆变换得到含水印的图像.实验结果证明,本算法具有较好的鲁棒性、安全性和不可见性,特别是抗几何攻击效果尤其明显.     

基于图像置乱和小波变换的零水印算法

传统的数字水印方法在嵌入水印时都要对原始图像数据进行一定的修改导致嵌入水印图像的保真度下降.提出了一种基于仿射变换置乱与小波变换的零水印算法,该算法对嵌入的水印图像进行置乱,选择被嵌入图像的小波变换的低频子图与置乱的水印图像进行运算,对运算结果进行循环移位产生密钥图像.而小波变换的低频子图集中了图像的主要特征,所以该水印算法对各种攻击(例如:加噪,滤波,JPEG压缩,剪切)具有很高的鲁棒性,而且产生的水印为灰度图像而不是二值序列,具有很好的检测精度.仿真实验表明该算法的鲁棒性优于现有算法,而且在抗各种常见攻击方面性能良好.     

基于混沌置乱的小波域数字水印算法研究

提出了一种基于混沌系统的离散小波域数字图像水印算法,首先采用混沌模型算法来生成混沌随机序列对水印图像进行加密,然后对原始图像进行小波分解,将置乱加密的水印嵌入在在原始图像小波分解的高频系数中,含水印图像和待检测图像经过小波分解在对应小波系数中即可得到加密的水印信息,通过逆置乱即可得到提取的水印。实验证明该算法对叠加噪声和剪切等攻击具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于DWT的图像水印算法研究

提出了一种基于离散小波变换的水印算法。水印采用文本图像水印,将原始图像和水印分别进行3级小波变换,为了保证水印的安全性,将水印变换域各子图分别进行置乱或加密处理。将水印经处理后的各级变换系数重复嵌入原始图像各级变换系数的不同位置。在检测时,提出采用多方案水印提取算法以适应不同的攻击。实验表明对缩放、剪切、JPEG或JPEG2000压缩等图像退化处理或攻击均具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于整数小波变换的盲数字水印算法

提出了一种基于整数DWT域的盲数字水印新算法.算法利用Arnold变换对水印图像进行置乱,增加水印嵌入的安全性;根据水印自身的特点,局部修改载体图像的深层低频小波系数的余数,从而将水印嵌入到载体图像中.水印的提取不需要原始图像.大量仿真结果证明了该算法嵌入的数字水印既有很好的隐蔽性,又有很理想的鲁棒性.     

基于Arnold置乱和小波变换的数字水印算法

深入讨论了基于Arnold置乱和小波变换的数字水印算法,使用Arnold变换将水印图像置乱,通过小波变换将水印图像和载体图像进行融合,完成水印的嵌入,实验证明该算法有较好的嵌入效果和鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.