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为研究火灾场景下不同排烟模式对人员疏散的影响,以某双层岛式地铁车站为原型,通过FDS软件建立火灾模型,分析4种排烟模式下地铁站台的火灾烟气温度、CO体积分数、能见度的分布。规定疏散时间360 s内,在人眼特征高度1.6 m处:自然排烟模式下的人员疏散途径区域出现温度大于60 ℃、CO体积分数大于250×10-6、能见度低于10 m的区域;车站隧道排烟模式下的人员疏散途径区域出现能见度低于10 m的区域;车站公共区排烟模式和车站公共区及车站隧道混合排烟模式下,人员疏散途径区域火灾烟气温度、CO体积分数、能见度均低于疏散指标。 相似文献
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基于火灾动力学理论与大型换乘地铁站火灾特点,利用FDS软件(郑州大学超算中心6.7.5版本)对郑州紫荆山地铁站进行火灾数值模拟,通过布置在地铁站台层、站厅层、转换层各个区域以及所有楼扶梯处的火灾探测点,分析火源位于地下四层的二号线站台层时能见度随时间的变化情况。根据能见度与速度的折减公式,计算不同时间节点的速度折减系数。然后在Pathfinder(2020版本)车站疏散模型各区域中导入人群疏散速度折减系数,并与速度未折减时的情况进行对比分析,得到更加精确的疏散人员动态速度。结果发现在靠近火源位置且跨度为两层的楼扶梯上更容易发生人员滞留。 相似文献
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为探究站台火灾条件下不同隧道排烟模式对地铁人员疏散的影响,以岛式地铁站为研究对象,利用Pyrosim建立火灾模型,并分析4种隧道排烟模式下的楼扶梯入口风速、烟气温度、CO体积分数和能见度的分布。结果表明:单一隧道排烟模式均无法满足安全疏散要求;疏散时间360 s内,在人眼特征高度处,车站隧道排烟模式下的人员疏散经过区域的能见度不能满足疏散要求,CO体积分数、温度、楼扶梯口风速均满足安全疏散要求;3种区间隧道排烟模式下的楼扶梯口风速均无法满足人员安全疏散要求,区间隧道推拉式反向排烟模式最不利于疏散区域烟气散热,区间隧道双拉式排烟模式排烟效果最为显著;火灾烟气的3个潜在危险因素中,相比于温度和CO体积分数,满足能见度在安全范围内的难度更高。 相似文献
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Catalin Ioan Teodosiu Viorel Ilie Radu Gabriel Dumitru Raluca Smaranda Teodosiu 《Building Simulation》2016,9(3):319-334
The ventilation system is the strategic component of the subway systems when incidents involving heavy smoke occur in tunnels. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to investigate the ventilation efficiency in one of the most severe emergency scenario: train on fire (maximum heat release rate reaching 30 MW due to an ultra-fast fire) and stopped in the tunnel, the incident requiring passenger evacuation. Two ventilation strategies are taken into account: tunnel ventilation fan system (mid-tunnel fan plant located in separate construction) in conjunction with stations mechanical ventilation and end-of-station fan plants in conjunction with stations mechanical ventilation. The analysis is performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The numerical model proposes an original approach based on the introduction of source terms in conservation equations for energy, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), in order to deal with the heat, CO, and CO2 due to fire. Equations expressing the conservation of CO and CO2 are specially added to the basic equations governing a turbulent non-isothermal airflow in the CFD model. This method allowed achieving values of velocity, temperature, CO and CO2 concentrations all over the computational domain. In addition, the modeling and simulation methodology complies faithfully to the real operation of the ventilation systems investigated in normal and emergency (fire) conditions. The results show that both ventilation alternatives taken into account lead to the secure evacuation of passengers all over the simulation time. The evacuation process toward the nearest station is not at all disturbed by too high air velocities, high temperatures or critical CO or CO2 concentrations. 相似文献
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地铁站厅防排烟系统对人员安全疏散具有致关重要的作用。通过烟气层沉降理论分析,编写了适用于拱形地铁站厅火灾烟气蔓延区域模型程序,研究不同机械排烟量下烟气沉降高度随时间的变化规律。研究表明,随着排烟量的增加,烟气层沉降速度变慢,排烟量为28.4 m3/s时,360 s左右烟气层方才达到溢出口高度,该设计排烟量能满足人员安全疏散要求。通过火灾动力学软件FDS数值模拟的方法,研究不同排烟量和挡烟垂壁高度对地铁站厅能见度、CO浓度的影响。研究表明,烟气从高大站厅空间向狭小的通道空间溢出,容易在通道出口处形成烟气堆积,导致通道出口处能见度最低,CO浓度最高;验证了烟气层沉降理论计算地铁站厅烟气排烟量可以满足人员安全疏散的要求;设置挡烟垂壁可以提高地铁站厅的能见度和降低其CO浓度。 相似文献
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Jae Seong Roh Hong Sun Ryou Won Hee Park Yong Jun Jang 《Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research》2009,24(4):447-453
Fire is a major risk in the event of subway train fire due to coincidence with direction of smoke flow and evacuation. As a part of an effort to improve the life safety in a train fire, the platform screen door (PSD) is more and more installed on the ground that PSD provides a lot of benefits to passenger’s safety. Therefore, the investigation of effect of PSD on life safety is needed. In this study, fire simulation and evacuation simulation are performed to estimate the effect of PSD and ventilation on passenger’s life safety in a subway train fire. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS V406) code is used to predict smoke spread and the available safe egress time during the fire. The evacuation of a subway station due to a train fire is simulated to predict the time required for evacuation, obtaining travel speed as a function of density. The passengers in platform with PSD and ventilation system have much more available time of about 350 s than passengers in case without PSD and ventilation system in modeled subway station. The subway turnstiles (ticket gate) dramatically increase the time required for evacuation without moving toward exits and bring passenger’s life safety danger in a subway train fire. 相似文献
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以武汉某地铁车站为例,通过数值模拟和实验测试,对地铁车站站台发生火灾时轨顶排热系统协同站台火灾排烟方案和站台端部专用排烟风管方案进行研究。研究表明,轨顶排热系统协同站台火灾排烟方案可行,各楼梯、扶梯口处均能形成向下不小于1.5 m/s 阻止烟气向上蔓延的气流;当轨顶侧排烟口均匀布置时,站台火灾联动设备最少,协同排烟效果最好。站台端部专用排烟风管协同站台火灾排烟方案,在车站楼梯、扶梯口数量较多时,楼梯、扶梯口部阻挡气流风速存在低于1.5 m/s 的风险,应慎重选用。 相似文献
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大中庭地铁车站的防火系统分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对大中庭地铁车站进行了定义和分类。介绍了上海地铁7号线花木路站防火系统设计,提出了与常规地铁车站不同的新型防排烟系统。采用性能化防火设计分析的方法,对大中庭车站的防火排烟系统、人员疏散设施等防火系统进行了模拟计算与分析。结果表明,通过在站厅顶部设置大中庭专用排烟控烟管道,在发生火灾时,可有效控制烟气扩散,为人员疏散提供"可接受的维生环境"。 相似文献
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以上海市某地下两层岛式地铁站作为研究对象,采用FDS软件对站台区域火灾进行了数值模拟.分析了站台层公共区域火灾在喷淋系统与排烟系统耦合作用下的烟气层特性.通过解析火灾区域内2.0 m高处的温度、烟气层高度、能见度以及喷淋区域内各排烟口流速等相关火灾参数的变化规律,探讨地铁站火灾时自喷系统和排烟系统的相互影响,并确认喷淋... 相似文献
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SHUJI MORIYAMA YUJI SHAEMI DON-GUN NAM SATOSHI TANAKA NAOMI OKAZAWA DING Wen-ting 《消防科学与技术》2006,25(3):324-333
介绍了地铁站内烟气流动和控制的试验和数值研究。在三个真正地铁站内利用甲醇油池火作为燃料进行了试验,用所获得数据来验证地铁站火灾数值模型,并进一步检验其烟控系统的性能。在站内使用了制量烟气流动模型,再现了最简单条件下每个站点的试验结果,然后把结果跟其他试验条件下的试验结果进行了比较。最后,用模型预测更复杂火灾的烟气流动情况。另外,还讨论了地铁系统的有效设计和火灾安全设施的正常运作情况。通过限制内饰面材料的燃烧性能或者安装自动喷淋系统都可以有效控制热释放速率,且在站点两端开设逃生路线、站台和地铁隧道直接卷帘的正常启动等可有效保证安全疏散。 相似文献
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地铁站厅至站台楼梯口风速对火灾烟气运动的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地铁车站站台发生火灾,连接站厅与站台的楼梯口保持一定风速,可阻挡烟气向站厅蔓延并为人员疏散提供诱导气流。为研究楼梯口风速对车站火灾烟气运动的影响,试验对不同排烟模式下楼梯口风速进行测量,建立数值计算模型进行模拟。结果表明:火灾场景下楼梯口风速大于无火源场景下风速,因此常规楼梯口风速校核设计方法由于没考虑真实火灾情况下各种因素的复杂作用,需进一步改进;楼梯口附近起火,烟气易从挡烟垂壁溢出向站厅层蔓延,站台火灾时站厅层为送风状态,存在溢出烟气时站厅层烟浓度可增至大于站台层;站台公共区着火,增开隧道风机,能够增 相似文献
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对列车所处位置在扑救火灾时的影响进行利弊分析,证明地铁列车发生火灾时,停在站台处置比停在隧道内处置具有人员疏散逃生方便、排烟效果好、救援人员行动便捷、灭火战斗行动快速等明显优势。在处置地铁列车火灾中排烟和救人是最重要的措施,应根据燃烧部位和列车停靠位置的不同,正确选择送排烟方向,及时组织人员疏散。 相似文献
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以提高车站整体的消防安全性为出发点,针对大型地铁换乘车站侧式站台与共用站厅同层的情况,在规范要求基础上提出相应的防火分隔措施,并分析相应的侧式站台排烟控制模式可能存在的问题。结合具体的工程案例并借助FDS进行模拟研究,提出设计建议以期为相似的工程提供经验借鉴。 相似文献
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This study evaluated the effectiveness and performance of smoke management models in a TFT-LCD cleanroom. Several smoke management models are discussed in a distinct 3-level cleanroom compartment. The tools used included a fire dynamics simulator (FDS) and SIMULEX. The design fires were 3 MW and 5.4 MW in ultra fast fire, respectively. In life safety, both a downward smoke exhaust system and upward smoke exhaust system, incorporating a decrease of filter fan unit air supply rate, could be used in a cleanroom, according to the simulation results of performance-based design. For occupant evacuation, the SIMULEX results showed a total evacuation time less than smoke layer descending time, which descended to 1.8 m height from floor to smoke layer in all FDS simulations. In view of property protection, insurance companies generally require significantly higher standards of property protection. For 3 MW or more heat release rate, smoke was hardly controlled by any smoke exhaust system in the cleanroom without sprinklers. 相似文献
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To obtain a relationship between evacuation speed and the load on pedestrians in fire cases, a series of individual and group evacuation experiments were conducted in load conditions of 0 kg, 5 kg, and 10 kg. In individual evacuation, the upward evacuation speed decreased as the floor increased while the downward evacuation speed changed very little with the floor. In group evacuation, the average group evacuation speed decreased as the pedestrian load increased. The group upward average evacuation speed was decreased by 25.7% as the load increased from 0 kg to 10 kg; the corresponding group downward average evacuation speed was decreased by 28.4% as the load increased from 0 kg to 10 kg. 相似文献