回火温度对高硅Mn—B系贝氏体钢强韧性的影响

研究了回火温度对高硅中碳和中低碳Ｍｎ－Ｂ系贝氏体钢强韧性的影响。结果表明，硅含量增加可提高贝氏体钢的回火抗力，中碳和中低碳钢的屈强比在４００℃回火后分别达到０．８７和０．８９。３００℃回火使两种实验钢的韧度达到最大值，。４５０￣５００℃回火出现韧度的最低值，即出现贝氏体冲击回火脆性。分析认为贝氏体回火脆性与残余奥氏体的分解有关。     

中碳Si-Mn系贝氏体/马氏体复相耐磨钢热处理工艺及性能

针对中碳Si-Mn系贝氏体/马氏体复相钢,比较不同热处理工艺(正火+回火,等温淬火+回火)后的组织和性能,以探索适宜的热处理工艺,并进行摩擦磨损实验。结果表明,在本研究范围内,复相钢最佳的热处理方案及相应的性能为950℃×1 h正火+250℃×2.5 h回火,洛氏硬度为51.7 HRC,冲击韧度αK为20.6 J/cm2,抗拉强度为1731.7 MPa;950℃×1 h奥氏体化+320℃×1h等温淬火+250℃×2.5 h回火,洛氏硬度为50.8 HRC,冲击韧度αK为20.9 J/cm2,抗拉强度为1508.0 MPa。干摩擦或油润滑条件下,复相钢均有较好的耐磨性能,相比而言,正火+回火的复相钢耐磨性更好。     

35SiMnMo截齿钢正火回火热处理工艺的研究

研究了正火工艺对35SiMnMo截齿钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明:900℃以下加热正火,35SiMnMo钢的强度和硬度随正火温度的升高而增大,加热温度高于900℃时,材料的强度和硬度随正火温度的升高呈下降趋势,900℃时出现最高值。加热温度超过880℃,冲击韧度有下降的趋势。900℃正火250℃以下回火,强度和硬度随回火温度的升高而增大,250℃回火强度和硬度出现峰值。300℃以下回火冲击韧度变化不大,超过300℃回火,冲击韧度下降,400℃出现了贝氏体回火脆性,超过400℃回火冲击韧度显著升高。出现回火脆性的原因与贝氏体铁素体板条之间的奥氏体发生分解有关。35SiMnMo钢900℃正火250℃回火可获得良好的强韧性。     

热处理对中碳Cr2MnSiV耐磨铸钢组织性能的影响

研究了淬火和同火温度对中碳Cr2MnSiV耐磨铸钢的组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:实验钢的硬度随淬火温度的升高基本保持不变,硬度值为54～53 HRC,冲击韧度随淬火温度的升高显著提高,1050℃淬火、250℃回火后达到60 J/cm2.回火温度超过250℃,硬度和冲击韧度均下降.     

中碳Cr-Si-Mn系耐磨铸钢的组织与性能

研究淬火和回火温度及冷却速度对中碳Cr-Si-Mn系低合金耐磨铸钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,随淬火温度的升高,钢中板务马氏体的特征越明显,温度超过1 100℃后奥氏体晶粒尺寸稍有长大.淬火温度提高对钢的硬度值无明显影响,保持在50～52 HRC左右,但冲击韧度明显提高,在1 050℃时达到75 J·cm-2.回火温度低于或高于250℃时,冲击韧度均降低.冷却速度约为9℃/min时可获得的贝氏体/马氏体复相组织,此时残余奥氏体量约为5%,硬度值下降为45 HRC,而冲击韧度值为125 J·cm-2.     

热处理对中碳低合金铸钢强韧性和耐磨性的影响

研究了淬火和回火温度对中碳低合金耐磨铸钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,经不同温度淬火、低温回火后,钢的硬度没有显著变化,达到48～51HRC.提高淬火温度有利于冲击韧度和耐磨性的提高,经 1100℃淬火 250℃回火热处理,材料可获得最佳的冲击韧度(40J/cm2)及耐磨性.用SEM分析发现,在该低应力磨料磨损工况下,实验钢的磨损形式主要有显微切削和凿坑.     

回火温度对30CrMnSiA钢力学性能的影响

30CrMnSiA钢样品经890℃油冷淬火处理后,分别在450-590℃进行回火处理。通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及力学试验机等手段,研究了热处理后30CrMnSiA钢的显微组织以及力学性能。结果表明:随着回火温度的升高,30CrMnSiA钢组织中的回火索氏体占比不断提高,合金强度下降,伸长率增加。经890℃淬火+500℃回火处理后低合金钢的综合性能较佳,硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和冲击韧度分别为39 HRC、1302 MPa、1147 MPa、11. 3%和28 J/cm~2。30CrMnSiA钢在530～550℃左右会发生回火脆性。回火温度继续升高,冲击韧度得以恢复。回火温度为590℃时,冲击韧度达到41. 25 J/cm~2,而抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为1126 MPa和1027 MPa。     

25Cr3Mo3NiNb二次硬化钢冲击性能的研究

研究了二次硬化钢25Cr3Mo3NiNb的冲击韧度随回火温度和试验温度的变化.结果发现,试验钢在200℃回火时冲击韧度较高,300～600℃回火时冲击韧度值较低,600℃以上回火时冲击韧度值迅速升高,640℃回火时冲击韧度达到最高值55J/cm2,640℃以上回火时冲击韧度值有所降低.640℃回火后试验钢的冷脆转变温度为10℃,屈服强度为960MPa,可以满足兵器特种结构件高强度高韧性的要求.     

42CrMo钢的等温淬火和回火

通过在Ms点上下温度范围等温淬火处理和改变回火温度,研究了等温淬火温度、时间,回火温度对42CrMo钢显微组织、硬度和冲击韧度的影响。结果表明,42CrMo钢经260 ℃等温15 min可获得马氏体+(10%～15%)的下贝氏体,并具有最高的硬度和较高的冲击韧度。随着等温淬火温度提高和时间的延长,下贝氏体量逐渐增加,且硬度也逐渐降低,但冲击韧度则在等温45 min时达到最大值。42CrMo钢经等温淬火后,随着回火温度的增加,碳化物不断析出聚集,使得硬度逐渐降低,同时这也导致了42CrMo钢等温淬火后组织在360 ℃回火时存在显著的回火脆性,冲击韧度急剧下降。     

回火温度对高强无碳化物贝氏体钢无缝管组织和性能的影响

研究了正火后回火温度对无碳化物贝氏体钢无缝钢管组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明,930 ℃正火后在600 ℃以下回火时,随回火温度的提高,试验材料的抗拉强度有降低的趋势,但降幅不大,强度在973~1012 MPa变化。试验材料的冲击吸收能量在300 ℃达到最大值,为72 J;400 ℃回火时,冲击吸收能量出现最低值,出现无碳化物贝氏体钢的回火脆性;回火温度超过400 ℃时,冲击吸收能量上升;300~350 ℃回火时,伸长率和断面收缩率最高。在400 ℃以下回火时,试验材料的组织由无碳化物贝氏体、块状铁素体和残留奥氏体组成;超过400 ℃回火时,组织为粒状贝氏体及块状铁素体。无碳化物贝氏体钢无缝钢管930 ℃正火,300 ℃回火时具有较佳的综合力学性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。